白菜育种生产技术

白菜作为北方冬季的主要食用蔬菜,近年有着不错的经济效益。播种优质的白菜种子才能培育出优质的白菜,从而带来更好的经济效益。本文详细阐述了白菜育种生产技术,希望给优质种子培育提供帮助。

安徽省大豆生产育种的历史与现状及发展对策

通过对安徽省大豆生产、育种的历史和现状的剖析,提出发展安徽省大豆产业所应采取的对策。

高职《作物育种与种子生产学》课程教学改革实践与探索

高职《作物育种与种子生产学》课程教学改革的重点是改革教学内容、教学方法与教学手段,加强实践性教学,同时还要改革传统的评价内容与考核方法。实践证明,通过课程教学改革,可以提高学生的学习兴趣,增强学生的实践能力、自学能力与创新精神,并可以提高教师的教学质量。

辽宁省青贮玉米生产育种现状

随着2015年年末原农业部提出的《关于“镰刀弯”地区玉米结构调整的指导意见》和2017年中央一号文件对农业供给侧结构性改革的要求,2019年中央一号文件提出合理调整粮经饲结构,青贮玉米被定位为饲草料,要求大力发展青贮玉米、苜蓿等优质饲草料生产,因此玉米结构调整将具有重要性和紧迫性。辽宁省属于北方农牧交错区,调整玉米种植比例将成为一种必然。为了适应这种新趋势,必须主动调整玉米种植结构,减少籽粒玉米,大力发展青贮玉米。2016年辽宁省已经调减籽粒玉米种植面积12.7万hm2左右,其中辽宁西北部地区调减比重大约占全省的75%。就辽宁省青贮玉米生产及育种情况进行了概述。

辽宁省玉米生产及育种动态

辽宁省各地区均有玉米种植,分为晚熟、中晚熟和中熟品种;种植面积约为133.3多万公顷,其中以种植晚熟或中晚熟品种为主,主要在中部平原和西部半山区;辽宁省玉米种质资源的利用主要是以78599、旅大红骨系统和Reid系统为主,其优势杂交模式:旅大红骨×78599、Reid×78599、Reid×旅大红骨,其中以旅大红骨×78599的模式较为普遍。

种猪性能测定的关键技术与应用

本文就种猪性能测定的概念、关键技术及其在育种生产中的应用作了简要阐述,分析了国内外种猪测定体系建立和遗传评估的研究进展。种猪性能测定是育种的技术基础,是遗传评估和目标管理的根本途径,随着分子生物学技术以及早期测定技术的不断发展和成熟,种猪性能测定技术和评估方法将逐步发生改变,以获得更为准确的遗传进展来满足养猪业的生产。

Study on Sowing Date for Mechanicaltransplanting Rice under Wheat-Rice Cropping System in Chengdu Basin

Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II You 602 was adopted as experimental material, to investigate the effects of sowing date on seedling growth,transplanting quality, growth process and yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings in wheat-rice cropping region of Chengdu Basin, thus exploring supporting high-yield cultivation techniques for mechanical-transplanting technology in Chengdu Basin, Results showed that the appropriate sowing date for mechanical transplanting in wheatrice cropping region of Chengdu Basin was April 10-15, and the appropriate seedling age was 45-50 d, which led to the highest yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings. Although postponing sowing was conducive to improving transplanting quality and increasing the percentage of earbearing tillers, it would result in lagged group growth, poor spike quality and reduced effective number of panicles, grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-seed weight and other yield components, thus declining the yield. Yield reduction rate would be above 10% with sowing date postponed by 15 d.

阜新肉羊新品种种群选育与开发初报

利用国外无角道赛特、萨福克羊为父本,以国内小尾寒羊为母本育成杂交,采用核心群、育种群和改良群三级开放式育种模式,并应用胚胎移植等生物技术与现代育种技术,培育国内市场急需的具有繁殖率高、生长快、肉质好、适应性强的肉羊新品种。

Study on Grafting and Cultivation of ‘Spartan'Blueberry

The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spartan＂ blueberry. Among the seven rootstock-scion combinations, the northern highbush blueberry （Vaccinium corymbosum） cultivar ＂Croaton＇-＇Spartan＇ combination showed well-healed graft unions, large branch amount, early fruit bearing, high yield, excellent fruit quality and almost no tillers. As a kind of rootstock, ＂Croaton＇ was better than non-grafted ＇Spartan＇ and the two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ＇Premier＇ and ＇Gardenblue＇. The grafting pattern showed no significant stimulating effect on the plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry in this area, but the overall performance of greenwood cleft grafting was better than that of inlaid bud grafting. Suitable rootstock cultivar and grafting pattern significantly improve plant arowth and development, fruit vield and aualitv of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry.

A Study on Planting Adaptability of Various Soybean Varieties in Hengyang

By comparing and analyzing the growth period,agronomic traits and yield results of the four exotic soybean varieties planted in Hengyang from 2017 to 2018,it is concluded that the growth period of the four varieties in Hengyang is 92.5~95.5 d which belong to mid-mature varieties and is not much different from the original places’growth period.The yield and agronomic traits of Gandou 10 is the highest among the four varieties.The average yield of Gandou 10 is 2833.5 kg/hm2 with an increase of 10.7%compared to the local main variety Xiangchundou 24,and an increase of 9.6%compared to the original place Nanchang,Jiangxi Province.The number of effective pods per plant,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100-grain weight of Gandou 10 are higher than that of Nanchang,Jiangxi Province.

Improving the Size and Market Value of an Underutilised Yam （Dioscorea esculenta） in Ghana： Implications for Crop Breeding and Production Choices

Yam, Dioscorea esculenta which is a high value commodity is a threatened species in Ghana, due to several factors including neglect on the part of science, technology, research and development. Different doses of radiation were use to improve the size and market value of D. esculenta to promote it effective use and enhance effective conservation. We observed through repeated experiments that irradiation of yam planting material at 40 Gy gave the best results producing a M1 generation with a decreased number of tubers but with an increased tuber size per vine. Some yam characteristics are valued more than others, and prices vary across species, time, and market sites. Tuber weight exhibits an increasing marginal value and price per kilogram increases above an optimum size; therefore, yam producers and dealers derive additional reward from extra-large tubers. We conclude that, to effectively access and benefit from urban markets, producers should focus on the improved size and conical shaped-tubers, which are easy to process and meet the aesthetic qualities preferred by urban consumers. The implications for research on improved variety development to reduce poverty and for crop and resource management practices are drawn.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Wheat Growth and Yield

In order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation at various growth stages on wheat growth and yield, a field experiment was conducted in the 2008-2009 growing season based on the completely randomized block with four replications at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, located at Badjgah. Treatments involved 13 irrigation regimes which applied in stem elongation, heading and grain filling growth stages. The highest seed yield （4,333 kg-ha-1） and the lowest ones （1,377 kg＇hal） were obtained from T1 （100% field capacity （FC） in all growth stages） and T13 （50% FC in all growth stages）, respectively. With limitation in water amount seed yield was diminished, but this trend was not significant at T4 （100%, 100% and 50% FC） and TI 1 （100%, 100% and 75~/0 FC）. Stepwise regression results revealed that, seed number per spike had the largest contribution （partial R2 = 0.72） in seed yield variation. Also at TI, T4, and TI 1 treatments （well water treatments） as well as TI3 （sever stress） head number m2 contribute most in seed yield determination （partial R2 = 0.96）. It can be concluded that water shortage during the grain filling period and its allocation to the other consecutive crop, can increase crop production in southern regions of Iran.

乌兰察布市肉牛良种繁育体系建设探讨

建设肉牛良种繁育体系,对增强肉牛工作的科学性和规范性,提高肉牛质量和养殖水平,增加养牛户经济收益,具有重要意义和深远的影响。建立肉牛繁育体系的指导思想和技术路线是:因地制宜,科学规划,坚持引进与培育相结合,生产与育种相结合。在绝大多数地区,以杂交生产为重点,以市场需求为导向,在不断加大改良力度的同时,确定理想的生产模式,生产出适合不同市场需求的优质牛肉。在基础好的地区,以为育种工作打基础为出发点[1],努力培养出具有本地区特色的西门达尔、安格斯、和牛新品系。

Organic Dairy Cattle Breeding in Turkey： A Review

Organic animal breeding means the production of certified animal products by considering the well-being of animals without damaging the environment and without using any pesticide in a controlled manner. All aquaculture activities other than organic farming can be defined as conventional farming. Organic animal production has increased significantly annually over the past decade in the world. Dairy cattle production is examined with particular focus on the possibilities of improving the sustainability of ruminant systems and on the possible role of organic production to meet the demand of sustainability. Organic dairy cattle production can improve animal welfare, protect the environment and sustain rewarding rural life styles. Future of organic dairy cattle production will have to rely on continuous search for alternatives in nutrition, disease prevention and control that are environmentally friendly. Understanding organic dairy cattle farming from economic, ecological and animal welfare perspectives will increase the likelihood of success. In the current study, besides the basic principles of organic dairy cattle breeding that is a quite popular branch of business in recent years, the current state, weaknesses and strengths of organic dairy cattle breeding both in Turkey and the world and how organic dairy cattle breeding can be developed are discussed.

Screening Germplasm Resources of Tea Plant with Less Bitterness and Astringency Index

The aim of this study was to identify tea varieties with less bitterness and astringency index that could be used as important sources for breeding and in the production of high quality tea. We studied 36 cultivars or lines which had been preserved in Tea Germplasm Garden of Fujian. The contents of catechins in spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 36 varieties and lines were analyzed by HPLC. Analysis of these tea varieties and lines revealed that the catechins contained in the tea shoots in different seasons are highly variable. The content of ester-catechins in spring and summer tea shoots was higher than that of autumn, while non-ester-catechins did not showed the same characteristic. The content of EGCG showed an extremely significant positive correlation with T1 （T1 = EGC ＋ EGCG ＋ GCG ＋ EGC）, an extremely significant negative correlation with DL-C, the content of EGC showed the same characteristic. Among them, 10 cultivars with less bitterness and astringency index （the annual average bitterness and astringency index 〈 8.0） were considered good candidates as important breeding materials tbr tea infusion quality improvement.

Estimated Breeding Value in Iranian Buffaloes

This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.

Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid, and Its Impact on Growth, Production of Tomatoes in Greenhouse

The viability of most tomato varieties cultivated in Libya have been tested to infect with potato spindle tuber viroid/potatoes （PSTVd） and its impact on growth and production of some of these varieties, which were mechanically inoculated with Libyan isolate of viroid PSTVd as follows： Vlkato, Sankarh, Lebda, Jasmine, Kenza and Hana. The percent of incidence were 95.95%, 90%, 90.80%, 80% and 20%, respectively. The following varieties have been contagious mechanically with viroid of PSTVd： Vlkato, zahra, Toria, Lebda, Hoda, Farwa, Alkaraz, Naziha, Rim Star and Kartika. The percent of incidence were 95.95%, 85%, 85.80%, 80%, 70.40%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively. The varied symptoms of wrinkle, twist, warp, swell the veins of the leaves, dark brown spots formation and a large yellow spots turned into white patches. Also the effect of the Egyptian isolate viroid PSTVd in the growth and production of varieties Jasmine, Lebda, Soberhalim, and treasure No. 185 had been studied, as the average rates of decline in the production of the fruits tomatoes/tomato 43.4% and 17% length of plants, and in the fresh weight and dry root of the sum of 35% and 37% respictively.

Selection of Superior Breeding Infraspecies Gaharu of Gyrinops versteegii （Gilg） Domke

Research on selection of superior breeding infraspecies Gyrinops versteegii （Gilg） Domke aims to select an infraspecies of G. versteegii having internal factors that affect the quality and quantity of production aromatic resin or agarwood. The internal factors are variations in wood anatomy, phytochemicals and agarwood of infraspecies G. versteegii. Of five local populations taken from West Lombok Island in Indonesia, the research areas are geographically located at coordinates： 8°15′-8°40′ South Latitude and 116°00′-116°20′East Longitude. Quality and quantity of agarwood production is influenced by internal factors of eaglewood trees, such as high starch production and the size of the cells making up the larger wood tissue. Infraspecies G. versteegii that have quality and quantity production of aromatic resin （the best agarwood） is Beringin group and the highest quantity of agarwood production （agarwood formation on the whole organ） is Soyun group.

Effects of Plant Population on Growth, Development and Oil Yield of Safflower

Two field trials were clone to evaluate the effects of plant density on the growth, development and yield of safflower. The results showed that plant density and season of growth had significant （P ≤ 0.01） effects on growth, development, yield components, yield and oil content of safflower. Increasing safflower plant density from 100,000 to 250,000 plants ha^- significantly reduced plant height （13.2%-21.3%）, branch number plant^-1 （37%-54.7%）, leaf number plant^-1 （39%-39.2%）, leaf area （19.5%-53%）, plant spread （39.6%-54.4%）, root length （28.1%-54.4%）, plant biomass （17%-50%）, capitula size （12%-12.7%）, capitula number plant^-1 （39.5%-50.5%）, seed number capitula~ （39%-45%）, capitula weight （3.3%-3.6%）, seed yield （67.9%-69.8%） and seed oil content （14.7%-20.8%）. The reduction in vegetative growth, yield components, yield and oil content of safflower due to increased plant density was attributed to inter and intra-plant competition for light, nutrients and water necessary for growth and development. The differences between winter and summer grown safflower were attributed to difference in day and night temperature （DIF） and the average daily temperature which were optimum for safflower growth in winter. It was concluded that under Botswana conditions or in semi-arid areas, safflower should be planted at 50 cm × 20 cm or wider in order to maximize yield and oil content and allow the plants to express their maximum genetic potential.