中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所发明“荒漠盐生植物盐穗木的全生长季育苗方法”

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所的科研人员近日发明一种＂荒漠盐生植物盐穗木的全生长季育苗方法＂,该方法于2012年1月9日获国家版权局授予的专利证书,专利号ZL201010180904.9。

香樟种子播种一年生苗木生长节律研究

对香樟种子播种一年生苗木的苗高、地径进行了试验分析,结果显示:香樟苗高生长期可划分为4个阶段,即出苗期为3月5日至4月30日,生长初期为5月1日至6月26日,生长盛期为6月27日至9月9日,生长后期为9月10至11月15日;地径也可划分为4个阶段,出苗期为3月5日至4月30日,生长初期为5月1日至6月4日,生长盛期为6月5日至10月6日,生长后期为10月7日至11月15日;所拟合的苗高生长曲线与实际生长曲线吻合程度高,可作为采用育苗技术措施的依据。同时,苗高与地径呈线性相关,一年生的苗木生长率平均苗高72.5cm,苗径0.64cm。

Optimization of Cultivation Medium for Container Seedling Raising of Camellia oleifera

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal component of culti- vation medium for container seedling raising of Camellia oleifera. [Method] In the application of container nursery technology of Camellia oleifera grafting in emergent stocks, yellow clay soil, surface soil of pine forest, decomposed edible fungus, peat soil, dung and dirt were mixed by different proportions into five formulae as nursery substrates, with garden soil as the control, in order to investigate the influences of various substrates on the growth of annual Camellia oleifera container seedlings by using randomized block design based on variance analysis and multiple comparisons, and to screen the optimal substrate formula for container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Result] The influences of different substrates on the transplanting survival rate, seedling height, basal diameter, height-diameter ratio and lateral root length of Camellia oleifera container seedlings were significantly different. Various growth indi- cators of Camellia oleifera container seedlings cultivated in the substrate containing 40% of yellow clay soil ＋ 15% of surface soil of pine forest ＋ 20% of decomposed edible fungus ＋ 20% of peat soil ＋ 5% of dung and dirt exceeded that of the control and other substrate formulae, which could be used as the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Conclusion] This study screened the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera, which provided technical reference for the cultivation of Camellia oleifera container seedlings.

Fluctuation of Microfibrillar Protein Level in Lutoids of Primary Laticifers in Relation to the 67 kD Storage Protein in Hevea brasiliensis

Abundant microfibrillar protein inclusions were present in the lutoids of the primary laticifers in Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. Two forms of the inclusions could be distinguished under the electron microscope, each in separate lutoids. As revealed by SDS-PAGE, the 59.5 kD and 63.5 kD proteins were the major components of the microfibrillar protein purified by isoeleettic point precipitation. Western-blotting analysis indicated that they were immunorelated with the 67 kD protein accumulated in the protein-storing cells. The 59.5 kD and 63.5 kD proteins were abundant in the uppermost part, the stem of new shoot and sustained their abundance during the growth and development of new shoot while their contents decreased remarkably in the lower parts of the trunk, accompanying by the accumulation of 3-5 kinds of proteins with low molecular weights. This fluctuating pattern suggested that the degradation of the 59.5 kD and 63.5 kD proteins had nothing to do with the new shoot growth and may be closely related to the primary laticifer differentiation. The 67 kD protein could not be detected in the young stem of new shoot when its leaves were broze-colored while the protein started to be accumulated in the stem, when the leaves of new shoot had matured, behaving like a typical vegetative storage protein.

Effects of Bast Fiber Seedling Film on Quality and Root Respiration Enzyme Activities of Seedlings of Different Rice Varieties

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bast fiber seedling film on rice seedling growth. In this study, indica cultivar ＇Xiangwanxian 13＇ and indica hybrid cuitivar ＇Y Liangyou 1＇ were used to investigate the changes of aboveground part growth and root respiration enzyme activities of rice seedlings af- ter the application of bast fiber seedling film. The results showed that, compared with the CK, the accumulation of shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, root bleeding intensity, soluble sugar content, and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly im- proved with the application of bast fiber seedling film. In addition, the activities of malate dehydrogenas （MDH） and alcohol dehydrogenas （ADH） were higher in rice seedling roots raised with bast fiber seedling film, while there was no significant change in lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） after the application of bast fiber seedling film. However, there were no significant differences in these indexes between the two cultivars. All the results indicated that the growth and development of rice seedlings could be improved with the application of bast fiber seedling film.

Effects of Biochar with Organic Materials on Substratum for Raising Rice Seedlings

[Objective] With a rice variety ＂Long Rice 11＂ as a test cultivar,an experiment of raising rice seedlings with the new substrata prepared from biochar,and maize stalks,rice husks,organic fertilizer,turf,zeolite,fine river sand and arable layer soil by mixing according to certain volume proportions was caried out,in order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of different organic-material seedling-raising substrata and the effects of these substrata on seedling growth.[Method] The experiment raised seedlings in greenhouses and adopted randomized block arrangement.[Result] The substratum of biochar mixed with maize stalks and rice husks could increase the maximum water-holding capacity of the substratum,reduce the volume weight of the substratum and improve the buffering effect of the substratum.It also had great effects on the contents of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen and rapidly available potassium in the substratum,and could improve the root number and substantial degree of rice seedlings.[Conclusion] Biochar with maize stalks and rice husks（the treament HC） is the optimal substratum in this study.

Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Idesia polycarpa

[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubbed off. Then, the seeds were mixed with fine sand and evenly sown on seedbeds. Germinated seeds were counted to calculate germination rate. Seedlings at two-or three-leef stage were transplanted, and their phenophases were observed and recorded. Height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monitored in the following three years. [Result] The seed germination rate was increased to 20% by soaking in 5% baking soda solution. The yearly seedling height growth of L polycarpa increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly seedling height growth from August to October was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the growth in seedling height in the three months accounted for 79% of the total increase in that year. The seedling height grew rapidly from May to July in the following two years. In detail, the increase in seedling height from May to July accounted for 87.94% of the total increase in the second year, and 74.16% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly seedling height growth peaked in May in the two years. The yearly growth in ground diameter of I. polycarpa seedlings also increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly growth in ground diameter from July to September was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the increase in ground diameter in the three months accounted for 80% of the total increase in that year. In the second and third years, the monthly growth in ground diameter from July to October was much higher than in other months. The increase in ground diameter in the two months accounted for 76.89% of the total increase in the second year, and 61.23% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly growth in ground diameter peaked in August in the two years. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and popularization of L polycarpa in Chongqing and surrounding provinces and cities.

Effects of Extracts from Albizia （Fabaceae） Endemic Species of Madagascar on Vegetable Seedling Development

The effects of extracts from five Albizia （Fabaceae） endemic species from Madagascar （A. arenicola, A. boivini, A. bernieri, A. polyphylla and A. tulearensis） were tested on vegetable seedling development. Crude extracts were obtained through cold or hot extraction methods on dried powdered seeds, seed teguments, leaves or empty pods. They were thereafter purified using techniques based on physicochemical properties of active substances. Assays were carried out on seedling growth of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons representatives. Results showed that all extracts exerted significant dose dependent inhibition on epicotyl and hypocotyl growth. However, some extracts exhibited a slight stimulation effect at low doses. Moreover, A. arenicola crude extract （E23） slightly inhibited axillary bud growth, while A. tulearensis crude extract （ET1） showed a stimulation effect. According to preliminary phytochemical screening results, these effects might be due to saponins or alkaloids.