前列地尔和胰激肽原酶治疗老年糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的观察前列地尔联合胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗老年糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法 60例老年糖尿病肾病患者随机分为2组,对照组在常规治疗基础上应用胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗,观察组则应用前列地尔+胰激肽原酶肠溶片口服治疗,2组疗程均为3个月。观察治疗前后2组24 h尿蛋白排泄量(24 h UPR)、血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(SCr)等指标变化情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者治疗结束后24 h UPR、SCr和BUN等指标均下降,但观察组24 h UPR与对照组比较下降幅度更显著(P<0.05)。结论前列地尔联合胰激肽原酶肠溶片治疗老年糖尿病肾病疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。

胰激肽原酶加雷公藤多苷治疗慢性肾小球肾炎临床疗效观察

目的：探讨分析胰漶匕肽原醇加雷公藤多苷治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效。方法：选取我陇2011年l-12月闻收治的确诊为慢性肾小球肾炎患者40例．在征得患者及家属罔它的情况下分为观察组和对照组，每组患者各20例。观察蛆患者蛤予胰漱肽原肆加雷公藤多苷治疗。对照组患者培予雷公藤多瞽治疗，疗程均为90d。观察两组患者治疗后的疗效，比较两组患者治疗前与治疗后的24h尿蛋白（Pr24h）、血清总蛋白（STP）、血清白蛋白（ALB）、血策可溶性内皮细胞蛋白C受体（sEPCR）、血浆p-选择素（sPs）水平。蛄秉：治疗后两组在Pr24h、STp、ALB、sEPCR、sPs方面均有明显变化。观察组明显优于对照组，两组比较有显著盖并．P〈0．05．盖异有统计学意义。蛄论：胰激肽原酶加雷公藤多苷治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗灶显著，值得临床推广。

Dahl大鼠血管紧张肽原酶基因与血压相互分离的遗传多态性

人类原发性高血压具有很强的遗传因素。利用实验大鼠和小鼠进行的遗传选择实验已经反复地表明,血压是一个多基因性状,能对遗传选择做出反应。现已培育出了遗传上具有高血压性状的几个不同品系的大鼠和小鼠及具有正常血压的品系。可除了积累一些有效的生化和生理数据外,人们却很少注意去识别血压调节基因。测定限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(RF-LP)的技术使得识别控制不同品系实验动物血压差异基因组成为可能。

草鱼鱼鳞酶溶性胶原蛋白肽脱腥脱苦工艺研究

以草鱼鱼鳞提取的酶溶性胶原蛋白肽（papain soluble collagen peptide，PSCP）为研究对象，研究不同截留分子量纳滤膜对PSCP回收率的影响；并以正交实验L9（3^4）研究了不同β-环糊精添加量、水浴时间、水浴温度对PSCP腥苦味及回收率的影响；最后分析了PSCP中氨基酸的含量和比例。结果显示，纳滤膜截留分子量为400～600u时，PSCP回收率最小（16．71％），推测PSCP分子量介于300～600u之间。β-环糊精最佳包埋条件为：添加量4％、水浴温度70℃、水浴时间40min，在此条件下鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽的回收率为92-21％，感官评分为9．30，脱腥脱苦效果最好。PSCP氨基酸分析结果显示，有16种氨基酸含量大于1％，共占总氨基酸含量的99．07％，其中羟脯氨酸含量大于8％。该方法及优化后的工艺参数为工业化生产提供了依据。

血管紧张肽原基因与原发性高血压的关系

血管紧张肽原酶——血管紧张肽系统是人体内影响水电解质平衡的重要系统。血管紧张肽原(也称血管紧张肽原酶降解物)是这个系统的关键部分,它可被血管紧张肽原酶降解产生血管紧张肽Ⅰ,然后再被血管紧张肽转换酶降解产生血管紧张肽Ⅱ。血管紧张肽原皿浆水平与血压及家族之间联系的观察表明,血管紧张肽原可能对原发性高血压起作用。

蛇毒磷脂酶A_2对血液系统作用研究的新进展

蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ_２对血液系统作用研究的新进展沈阳军区大连第二疗养院王润鹏，詹明磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）是蛇毒的主要组分之一，是有关凝血和溶血、生物活性等功能的重要工具酶，是突触前神经毒素、肌肉毒素、心脏毒素等活性，具有增强和协同效应的主要酶。近年来有关其?..

酶工程

902986 人血管紧张肽原酶基因在转基因小鼠中的组织特异性表达[英]/Fukamizu,A.…//Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.-1989,165(2).-826～832[译自DBA,1990,9(5),90-02910]将质粒 phRNTM15 微注射到受精的C57BL/6J 小鼠卵的雄性原核中。产生了带有人血管紧张肽原酶(hRN)的转基因小鼠.

血管紧张肽-2有助于排卵

美国纽黑文消息:据耶鲁大学的研究人员报道,血管紧张肽原酶-血管紧张肽系统的作用已被扩大描述。血管紧张肽-2除了维持体液和电解质平衡及血管张力外,还有助于激发排卵。三项大鼠试验结果为血管紧张肽的这一功能提供了证据。注射血管紧张肽-2的特异性拮抗剂肌丙抗增压素能使释放的卵母细胞减少一半,但将血管紧张肽-2与肌丙抗增压素同时注射能阻断其抑制作用。

酶溶性胶原蛋白肽及其β-环糊精包合物理化性质分析

采用红外扫描、扫描电镜、透射电镜和气质联用仪研究β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin,β-CD)对酶溶性胶原蛋白肽(Papain soluble collagen peptide,PSCP)的包合作用,腥苦味的遮掩效果及抗氧化成分的保护作用。红外扫描结果显示,PSCP-β-CD包合物在3347 cm^(-1)处产生1个强而宽的吸收峰,说明主客体分子之间形成大量的氢键,PSCP进入β-CD的空腔。电镜结果显示,PSCP及PSCP-β-CD包合物分子分别为直径100~200 nm和400~600 nm的纳米球,后者聚合冻干后表面呈网状结构。与PSCP相比,PSCP-β-CD包合物不仅胺类、醛类等腥味成分下降,其挥发性抗氧化成分——2,4-二叔丁基苯酚也显著降低;此外,PSCP-β-CD包合物超声稳定性上升,抗氧化缓释力增加,对DPPH自由基的清除力上升。结果表明:β-CD可很好地包合PSCP分子,有效改善PSCP的不良口感,并且减少其抗氧化成分的损失。

Expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in cirrhotic portal hypertensive patient

AIM: To investigate the expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in cirrhotic portal hypertensive patients.METHODS: The expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH patients was detected by RT-PCR analysis.RESULTS: Expression of local renin mRNA in the liver of control group was (0.19±0.11), significantly lower than that in splenic artery(0.45±0.17)or splenic vein(0.39±0.12)respectively, (P＜0.05). Expression of local angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver was (0.64±0.21), significantly higher than that in splenic artery(0.41±0.15) or in splenic vein (0.35±0.18)respectively, (P＜0.05). Expression of local renin mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH group was (0.78±0.28),(0.86±0.35) and (0.81±0.22) respectively, significantly higher than that in the control group, (P＜0.05). Expression of local angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH group was (0.96±0.25), (0.83±0.18) and (0.79±0.23)respectively, significantly higher than that in the control group,(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the liver, splenic artery and vein in the expression of local renin or local angiotensinogen mRNA in PH group, (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: In normal subjects the expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA was organ specific, but with increase of the expression of LRAS, the organ-specificity became lost in cirrhotic patients. LRAS may contribute to increased resistance of portal vein with liver and formation of splanchnic vasculopathy.

调整血压的基因

Everal基因位点似乎对原发高血压有一定作用。用作人类遗传病模式的盐过敏Dahl大白鼠中,一般认为有2-4个位点决定血压。位点之一是血管紧张肽原酶(re-nin),已由Rapp等鉴定,并描述其特征。用限制酶切碎血管紧张肽原酶基因,可观察到纯合子型“盐过敏”和“抗盐”的Dahl大鼠中,基因片段长度和结构有差异。“盐过敏”鼠和“抗盐”

Clinical value of rapid urine trypsinogen-2 test strip, urinary trypsinogen activation peptide, and serum and urinary activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B in acute pancreatitis

AIM: To assess the usefulness of urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip, urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP),and serum and urine concentrations of the activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B (CAPAP) in the diagnosisof acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Patients with acute abdominal pain and hospitalized within 24 h after the onset of symptoms were prospectively studied. Urinary trypsinogen-2 was considered positive when a clear blue line was observed (detection limit 50 μg/L). Urinary TAP was measured using a quantitative solid-phase ELISA, and serum and urinary CAPAP by a radioimmunoassay method.RESULTS: Acute abdominal pain was due to acute pancreatitis in 50 patients and turned out to be extrapancreatic in origin in 22 patients. Patients with acute pancreatitis showed significantly higher median levels of serum and urinary CAPAP levels, as well as amylase and lipase than extrapancreatic controls. Median TAP levels were similar in both groups. The urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip was positive in 68% of patients with acute pancreatitis and 13.6% in extrapancreatic controls (P<0.01). Urinary CAPAP was the most reliable test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 95.5%, positive and negative predictive values 96.6% and 56.7%, respectively), with a 14.6 positive likelihood ratio for a cut-off value of 2.32 nmol/L.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute abdominal pain,hospitalized within 24 h of symptom onset, CAPAP in serum and urine was a reliable diagnostic marker of acute pancreatitis. Urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip showed a clinical value similar to amylase and lipase.Urinary TAP was not a useful screening test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

The Arabidopsis PARAQUAT RESISTANT2 gene encodes an S-nitrosoglutathione reductase that is a key regulator of cell death

Metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO）, a major biologically active nitric oxide （NO） species, is catalyzed by the evolutionally conserved GSNO reductase （GSNOR）. Previous studies showed that the Arabidopsis GSNOR1/ HOT5 gene regulates salicylic acid signaling and thermotolerance by modulating the intracellular S-nitrosothiol level. Here, we report the characterization of the Arabidopsisparaquat resistant2-1 （par2-1） mutant that shows an anti-cell death phenotype. The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat （1,1＇-dimethyl-4,4＇-bipyridinium dichloride）, suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. PAR2, identified by positional cloning, is shown to be identical to GSNOR1/HOT5. The par2-1 mutant carries a missense mutation in a highly conserved glycine, which renders the mutant protein unstable. Compared to wild type, par2-1 mutant has a higher NO level, as revealed by staining with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Consistent with this result, wild-type plants treated with an NO donor display resistance to paraquat. Interestingly, the GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 protein level, other than its steady-state mRNA level, is induced by paraquat, but is reduced by NO donors. Taken together, these results suggest that GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 plays an important role in regulating cell death in plant cells through modulating intracellular NO level.

Proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease

Oxidative stress, generated by chronic ethanol consumption, is a major cause of hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals due to ethanol metabolism by CYP2E1 is principally located in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria, which does not only injure liver cells, but also other vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Therefore, there is a need for better treatment to enhance the antioxidant response elements. To date, there is no established treatment to attenuate high levels of oxidative stress in the liver of alcoholic patients. To block this oxidative stress, proteasome inhibitor treatment has been found to significantly enhance the antioxidant response elements of hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. Recent studies have shown in an experimental model of alcoholic liver disease that proteasome inhibitor treatment at low dose has cytoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver steatosis. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment against oxidative stress occurred because antioxidant response elements （glutathione peroxidase 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione synthetase, glutathione reductase, and GCLC） were upregulated when rats fed alcohol were treated with a low dose of PS-34Z （Bortezomib, Velcade）. This is an important finding because proteasome inhibitor treatment up-regulated reactive oxygen species removal and glutathione recycling enzymes, while ethanol feeding alone down-regulated these antioxidant elements. For the first time, it was shown that proteasome inhibition by a highly specific and reversible inhibitor is different from the chronic ethanol feeding-induced proteasome inhibition. As previously shown by our group, chronic ethanol feeding causes a complex dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which affects the proteasome system, as well as the ubiquitination system. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease are related to proteasome inhibitor reversibility and the rebound of proteasome activity 72 h post PS-341 administration.

Comparison in copper accumulation and physiological responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and G. lichenoides (Rhodophyceae)

Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper （Cu^2＋） accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from China under Cu^2＋ exposure of 0-500 μg/L in concentration. Compared with G. lemaneiformis, G. lichenoides was more capable in accumulating Cu^2＋, specifically, more Cu〉 on extracellular side （cell wall） than on intracellular side （cytoplasm） and in cell organelles （especially chloroplast, cell nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosome）. In addition, G. lichenoides contained more insoluble polysaccharide in cell wall, which might promote the extracellular Cu^2＋-binding as an efficient barrier against metal toxicity. Conversely, G. lemaneiformis was more vulnerable than G. lichenoides to Cu^2＋ toxin for decreases in growth, pigment （chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phycobiliprotein, and B-carotene） content, and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, more serious oxidative damages in G. lemaneiformis than in G. lichenoides, in accumulation of reactive oxidative species and malondialdehyde, and in electrolyte leakage, because of lower antioxidant enzyme （superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase） activities. Therefore, G. lichenoides was less susceptible to Cu〉 stress than G. lemaneiformis.

Antioxidant Defense System in Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Seedlings under Heat Stress and Revival Conditions

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of heat stress and revival on some antioxidative enzymes and metabolites in leaves of the wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） seedlings of heat susceptible （cv. WH 147 and HS 277） and heat tolerant （cv. WH 1021 and HW 2045） cultivars. Seven days old seedlings grown at 25 ℃ were exposed to 40 ℃ for 6 h and these seedlings were again brought to 25 ℃. The observations were recorded in the leaves of control, stressed and revived seedlings on 2nd and 4th day of revival. For the selection ofthermo-tolerant cultivars, screening of the thirty-six cultivars was done based on wilting of primary leaf and values of chlorophyll fluorescence. The MDA （malondialdehyde） and H2O2 concentration in leaves of wheat seedlings increased at the high temperature. There was enhancement in the activities of antioxidative enzymes, viz. CAT （catalase）, POX （peroxidase）, GR （glutathione reductase） and APX （ascorbate peroxidase） in leaves of the tolerant and susceptible cultivars under heat stress, however, higher percent increase was observed in tolerant cultivars. Heat stress increased the SOD （superoxide dismutase） activity in tolerant cultivars but activity declined in susceptible cultivars. On revival, the activities of the CAT, POX and GR declined in comparison to stressed seedlings but remained higher as compared to control. Ascorbate peroxidase activity remained higher on 2nd day and 4th day of revival in all the cultivars.

Oxidants and Anti-Oxidants in Turbot Seminal Plasma and Their Effects on Sperm Quality

In this research, the concentration and activity of oxidants and anti-oxidants in turbot semen, and their effects on sperm quality were studied. The results showed that superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase(GR), uric acid, vitamin E(VE) and vitamin C(VC) were more abundant in seminal plasma than in spermatozoa. The variation for each of them was specific. In seminal plasma, the activity of SOD and GR increased from November 15, November 30 to December 15, and then decreased on December 30. The concentrations of both VC and uric acid decreased during the first 3 sampling times and increased on December 30. The oxidants in seminal plasma accumulated to the highest on December 30. Lactic acid(LA) and ATP levels decreased to the lowest on December 30. The correlation analysis showed that GR had the significant positive relevance to sperm motility and VSL/VCL, while ·OH had negative relevance to them.

Antioxidant System of the Intertidal Mollusk Littorina kurila in Its Natural Habitat

Based on the theory of oxidative stress, it is believed that the induction of antioxidant components of the cellular defense system reflects the adaptive compensatory response of an organism aimed at overcoming stressful conditions. Therefore, this work concentrated on investigating the effect of the low and high tides on the antioxidant system of L. （Littorina） kurila and also compared the antioxidant parameters of two species of gastropods： intertidal--L, kurila and subtidal--L, squalida. The following parameters were evaluated in the hepatopancreas of mollusks： the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD （superoxide dismutase）, CAT （catalase）, and GR （glutathione reductase）, the production of ROS （reactive oxygen species）, and the levels of GSH （glutathione） and the lipid peroxidation product-MDA （malondialdehyde）. The results of this work indicate that the state of the antioxidant system of L. kurila reflected the adaptive capacity of the species in the changing environmental conditions.

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marine Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species（ROS）leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA）in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000＋CP and κ-ca3000＋CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.

Pro-protein convertase-2/carboxypeptidase-E mediated neuropeptide processing of RGC-5 cell after in vitro ischemia

Objective To observe the change of the neuropeptide pro-protein processing system in the ischemic retina ganglion cell-5(RGC-5) cells,pro-protein convertase-2(PC2),carboxypeptidase-E(CPE) and preproneuropeptide Y(preproNPY) protein levels in the ischemic RGC-5 cells and conditioned medium were analyzed. Methods The RGC-5 cell was differentiated in 0.1 μmol/L staurosporine for 24 h and then stressed by different doses of oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD). The acute or chronic OGD-induced cell death rates w...