Objective: To investigate the electromagnetic field and specific absorptionrate (SAR) distribution of different structure applicators with different depths for treating bonetumors using microwave hyperthermia. Methods...Objective: To investigate the electromagnetic field and specific absorptionrate (SAR) distribution of different structure applicators with different depths for treating bonetumors using microwave hyperthermia. Methods: The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate,electromagnetic field and SAR distribution. Two different structure applicators were simulated. Theone is simple coaxial antenna, which has been successfully used in clinic treating bone tumors inTangdu hospital of the Forth Military Medical University several years. It was formed by a coaxialcable peeled off the out copper at end. The other applicator was coaxial- slot antenna, which waswidely used in microwave hyperthermia. The applicator inserted into the cylindrical bone withdifferent depths, and worked at the frequency of 2 450 MHz. Results: The electric field and SARgenerated by the simple coaxial applicator were mainly concentrated out the tissues, and were notuniform in the tissues, while the coaxial- slot applicator well transmits the electric field and SARinto the tissues, and can easily treat different position by adjusting the slat position.Conclusion: The results calculated by EFM, were well accordant with the experimental and clinicalresulls, and will be important for improving the clinical effects of microwave hyperthermia.展开更多
Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer is associated with a dismal prognosis.Systemic chemotherapy is not effective because of the existence of a blood-peritoneal barrier.Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal...Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer is associated with a dismal prognosis.Systemic chemotherapy is not effective because of the existence of a blood-peritoneal barrier.Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy can improve survival and quality of life in selected patients.Patient selection for this multimodal approach is one of the most critical issues,and calls for interdisciplinary evaluation by radiologists,medical and surgical oncologists,and anaesthetists.This article sets forth criteria for selection of gastric cancer patients suffering from peritoneal carcinomatosis.展开更多
Peritoneal surface malignancies are generally associated with poor prognosis. In daily clinical routine, systemic chemotherapy is still considered the only reasonable therapy despite of encouraging results of cytoredu...Peritoneal surface malignancies are generally associated with poor prognosis. In daily clinical routine, systemic chemotherapy is still considered the only reasonable therapy despite of encouraging results of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) along with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC). The Achilles heel of CRS and HIPEC is appropriate patient selection and precise surgical technique preventing patients from excessive morbidity and mortality. Given these findings, new concepts of second look surgery for high risk patients allow detection of peritoneal spread ahead of clinical symptoms or presence of peritoneal masses reducing perioperative morbidity. In addition, personalized intraperitoneal chemotherapy might further improve outcome by appreciating individual tumor biology. These days, every physician should be aware of CRS and HIPEC for treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies. Since there is now sufficient data for the superiority of CRS and HIPEC to systemic chemotherapy in selected patients, our next goal should be providing this strategy with minimal morbidity and mortality even in the presence of higher tumor load.展开更多
AIM:To investigate perioperative patient morbidity/mortality and outcome after cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).METHODS:Of 150 patients 100 were treated with cytoreductiv...AIM:To investigate perioperative patient morbidity/mortality and outcome after cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).METHODS:Of 150 patients 100 were treated with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC and retrospectively analyzed.Clinical and postoperative follow-up data were evaluated.Body mass index(BMI),age and peritoneal carcinomatosis index(PCI) were chosen as selection criteria with regard to tumor-free survival and perioperative morbidity for this multimodal therapy.RESULTS:CRS with HIPEC was successfully performed in 100 out of 150 patients.Fifty patients were excluded because of intraoperative contraindication.Median PCI was 17(1-39).In 89% a radical resection(CC0/CC1) was achieved.One patient died postoperatively due to multiorgan failure.Neither PCI,age nor BMI was a risk factor for postoperative complications/outcome according to the DINDO classification.In 9% Re-CRS with HIPEC was performed during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:Patient selection remains the most important issue.Neither PCI,age nor BMI alone should be an exclusion criterion for this multimodal therapy.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on surface doses for brain, abdomen and pelvis deep located tumors treated with 6 MV photon and to evaluate...Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on surface doses for brain, abdomen and pelvis deep located tumors treated with 6 MV photon and to evaluate the skin dose calculation accuracy of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system. Methods: More investigations for the influences of IMRT on skin doses would increase its applications for many treatment sites. Measuring skin doses in real treatment situations would reduce the uncertainty of skin dose prediction. In this work a pediatric human phantom was covered by a layer of 1 mm bolus at three treatment sites and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were inserted into the bolus at each treatment site before CT scan. Two different treatment plans [three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and IMRT] for each treatment sites were performed on XIO 4.04 treatment planning system using superposition algorism. Results: The results showed that the surface doses for 3DCRT were higher than the surface doses in IMRT by 1.6%, 2.5% and 3.2% for brain, abdomen and pelvis sites respectively. There was good agreement between measured and calculated surface doses, where the calculated surface dose was 15.5% for brain tumor calculated with 3DCRT whereas the measured surface dose was 12.1%. For abdomen site the calculated surface dose for IMRT treatment plan was 16.5% whereas the measured surface dose was 12.6%. Conclusion: The skin dose in IMRT for deep seated tumors is lower than that in 3DCRT which is another advantage for the IMRT. The TLD readings showed that the difference between the calculated and measured point dose is negligible. The superposition calculation algorism of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system modeled the superficial dose well.展开更多
Noble metal nanomaterials have been extensively explored in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applica- tions owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as facile synthesis, straightforward surface fu...Noble metal nanomaterials have been extensively explored in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applica- tions owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as facile synthesis, straightforward surface functionalization, strong photothermal effect, and excellent biocompatibility. Herein, we summa- rize the recent development of two-dimensional （2D） Pd-based nanomaterials and their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Different synthetic strategies for Pd nanosheets and the related nanostruc- tures, including Pd@Au, Pd@Ag nanoplates and mesocrystalline Pd nanocomlla, are first discussed. Together with their unique properties, the potential bioapplications of these 2D Pd nanomaterials are then demonstrated. With strong absorption in near-infrared （NIR） region, these nanomaterials have great potentials in cancer photothermal therapy （PTr）. They also readily act as contrast agents in photoacoustic （PA） imaging or X-ray computed tomography （CT） to achieve image-guided cancer therapy. Moreover, significant efforts have been devoted to studying the combination of PTr and other treatment modalities （e.g., chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy） based on Pd nanomaterials. The remarkable synergistic or collaborative effects to achieve better therapeutic efficacy are discussed as well. Additionally, the biosaf- ety of 2D Pd-based nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. Finally, challenges for the applica- tions of Pd-based nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and therapy, and future research prospects are highlighted.展开更多
The acidic tumor microenvironment is triggered by glycolysis in hypoxic condition, which can motivate the pHresponsive system to build certain triggers for efficiently tumor-targeted phototherapy. Additionally, the me...The acidic tumor microenvironment is triggered by glycolysis in hypoxic condition, which can motivate the pHresponsive system to build certain triggers for efficiently tumor-targeted phototherapy. Additionally, the metalated porphyrin structures are widely studied in biomedical applications due to the favorable properties of high singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as strong fluorescence imaging ability. Herein, a pH-responsive zinc(II) metalated porphyrin(P-4) was designed and synthesized for amplifying cancer photodynamic/photothermal therapy with excellent fluorescence quantum yield(67.4%), superb singlet oxygen quantum yield(84.3%) and desired photothermal conversion efficiency(30.0%). In vitro, the self-assembled P-4 nanoparticles can specifically target to lysosome subcellular site and realize protonated process of dibutaneaminophenyl(DBAP) groups with high photo toxicity. Under single 660 nm laser illumination, the tumor can be ablated completely with no side effects in vivo. This work demonstrates that the p H-responsive P-4 nanoparticles provide a new avenue for highly efficient cancer combination therapy.展开更多
The vicious cycle between tumor cell proliferation and bone resorption remarkably elevates the progression and metastasis of bone tumors.Here,we fabricated polyethylene glycol-conjugated alendronate-functionalized and...The vicious cycle between tumor cell proliferation and bone resorption remarkably elevates the progression and metastasis of bone tumors.Here,we fabricated polyethylene glycol-conjugated alendronate-functionalized and chloroquine(CQ)-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles(PPA/CQ)for efficient treatment of bone tumors via breaking the vicious cycle.The nanoparticles were efficiently accumulated to the bone tissues,especially the osteolytic lesions around tumors.CQ released from PPA/CQ inhibited osteoclastogenesis via preventing the degradation of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor-associated receptor 3 to attenuate the osteolysis in bone tumors.On the other hand,CQ blocked the autophagy in cancer cells,resulting in improved photothermal killing of cancer cells.Finally,the in vivo experiment revealed that PPA/CQ-associated treatment efficiently inhibited both tumor growth and osteolysis.This work suggests that autophagy inhibition-associated photothermal therapy could be a promising strategy for treating malignant bone tumors.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the electromagnetic field and specific absorptionrate (SAR) distribution of different structure applicators with different depths for treating bonetumors using microwave hyperthermia. Methods: The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate,electromagnetic field and SAR distribution. Two different structure applicators were simulated. Theone is simple coaxial antenna, which has been successfully used in clinic treating bone tumors inTangdu hospital of the Forth Military Medical University several years. It was formed by a coaxialcable peeled off the out copper at end. The other applicator was coaxial- slot antenna, which waswidely used in microwave hyperthermia. The applicator inserted into the cylindrical bone withdifferent depths, and worked at the frequency of 2 450 MHz. Results: The electric field and SARgenerated by the simple coaxial applicator were mainly concentrated out the tissues, and were notuniform in the tissues, while the coaxial- slot applicator well transmits the electric field and SARinto the tissues, and can easily treat different position by adjusting the slat position.Conclusion: The results calculated by EFM, were well accordant with the experimental and clinicalresulls, and will be important for improving the clinical effects of microwave hyperthermia.
文摘Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer is associated with a dismal prognosis.Systemic chemotherapy is not effective because of the existence of a blood-peritoneal barrier.Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy can improve survival and quality of life in selected patients.Patient selection for this multimodal approach is one of the most critical issues,and calls for interdisciplinary evaluation by radiologists,medical and surgical oncologists,and anaesthetists.This article sets forth criteria for selection of gastric cancer patients suffering from peritoneal carcinomatosis.
文摘Peritoneal surface malignancies are generally associated with poor prognosis. In daily clinical routine, systemic chemotherapy is still considered the only reasonable therapy despite of encouraging results of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) along with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC). The Achilles heel of CRS and HIPEC is appropriate patient selection and precise surgical technique preventing patients from excessive morbidity and mortality. Given these findings, new concepts of second look surgery for high risk patients allow detection of peritoneal spread ahead of clinical symptoms or presence of peritoneal masses reducing perioperative morbidity. In addition, personalized intraperitoneal chemotherapy might further improve outcome by appreciating individual tumor biology. These days, every physician should be aware of CRS and HIPEC for treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies. Since there is now sufficient data for the superiority of CRS and HIPEC to systemic chemotherapy in selected patients, our next goal should be providing this strategy with minimal morbidity and mortality even in the presence of higher tumor load.
文摘AIM:To investigate perioperative patient morbidity/mortality and outcome after cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).METHODS:Of 150 patients 100 were treated with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC and retrospectively analyzed.Clinical and postoperative follow-up data were evaluated.Body mass index(BMI),age and peritoneal carcinomatosis index(PCI) were chosen as selection criteria with regard to tumor-free survival and perioperative morbidity for this multimodal therapy.RESULTS:CRS with HIPEC was successfully performed in 100 out of 150 patients.Fifty patients were excluded because of intraoperative contraindication.Median PCI was 17(1-39).In 89% a radical resection(CC0/CC1) was achieved.One patient died postoperatively due to multiorgan failure.Neither PCI,age nor BMI was a risk factor for postoperative complications/outcome according to the DINDO classification.In 9% Re-CRS with HIPEC was performed during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:Patient selection remains the most important issue.Neither PCI,age nor BMI alone should be an exclusion criterion for this multimodal therapy.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on surface doses for brain, abdomen and pelvis deep located tumors treated with 6 MV photon and to evaluate the skin dose calculation accuracy of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system. Methods: More investigations for the influences of IMRT on skin doses would increase its applications for many treatment sites. Measuring skin doses in real treatment situations would reduce the uncertainty of skin dose prediction. In this work a pediatric human phantom was covered by a layer of 1 mm bolus at three treatment sites and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were inserted into the bolus at each treatment site before CT scan. Two different treatment plans [three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and IMRT] for each treatment sites were performed on XIO 4.04 treatment planning system using superposition algorism. Results: The results showed that the surface doses for 3DCRT were higher than the surface doses in IMRT by 1.6%, 2.5% and 3.2% for brain, abdomen and pelvis sites respectively. There was good agreement between measured and calculated surface doses, where the calculated surface dose was 15.5% for brain tumor calculated with 3DCRT whereas the measured surface dose was 12.1%. For abdomen site the calculated surface dose for IMRT treatment plan was 16.5% whereas the measured surface dose was 12.6%. Conclusion: The skin dose in IMRT for deep seated tumors is lower than that in 3DCRT which is another advantage for the IMRT. The TLD readings showed that the difference between the calculated and measured point dose is negligible. The superposition calculation algorism of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system modeled the superficial dose well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21101131, 21420102001)the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB932004)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2016J01073)
文摘Noble metal nanomaterials have been extensively explored in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applica- tions owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as facile synthesis, straightforward surface functionalization, strong photothermal effect, and excellent biocompatibility. Herein, we summa- rize the recent development of two-dimensional （2D） Pd-based nanomaterials and their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Different synthetic strategies for Pd nanosheets and the related nanostruc- tures, including Pd@Au, Pd@Ag nanoplates and mesocrystalline Pd nanocomlla, are first discussed. Together with their unique properties, the potential bioapplications of these 2D Pd nanomaterials are then demonstrated. With strong absorption in near-infrared （NIR） region, these nanomaterials have great potentials in cancer photothermal therapy （PTr）. They also readily act as contrast agents in photoacoustic （PA） imaging or X-ray computed tomography （CT） to achieve image-guided cancer therapy. Moreover, significant efforts have been devoted to studying the combination of PTr and other treatment modalities （e.g., chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy） based on Pd nanomaterials. The remarkable synergistic or collaborative effects to achieve better therapeutic efficacy are discussed as well. Additionally, the biosaf- ety of 2D Pd-based nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. Finally, challenges for the applica- tions of Pd-based nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and therapy, and future research prospects are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61525402,61775095 and 21704043)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Plan(BE2017741)+1 种基金Six Talent Peak Innovation Team in Jiangsu Province(TD-SWYY-009)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170990and 17KJB150020)
文摘The acidic tumor microenvironment is triggered by glycolysis in hypoxic condition, which can motivate the pHresponsive system to build certain triggers for efficiently tumor-targeted phototherapy. Additionally, the metalated porphyrin structures are widely studied in biomedical applications due to the favorable properties of high singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as strong fluorescence imaging ability. Herein, a pH-responsive zinc(II) metalated porphyrin(P-4) was designed and synthesized for amplifying cancer photodynamic/photothermal therapy with excellent fluorescence quantum yield(67.4%), superb singlet oxygen quantum yield(84.3%) and desired photothermal conversion efficiency(30.0%). In vitro, the self-assembled P-4 nanoparticles can specifically target to lysosome subcellular site and realize protonated process of dibutaneaminophenyl(DBAP) groups with high photo toxicity. Under single 660 nm laser illumination, the tumor can be ablated completely with no side effects in vivo. This work demonstrates that the p H-responsive P-4 nanoparticles provide a new avenue for highly efficient cancer combination therapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21725402,31871010,81971735,81871470 and 81901867)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(17XD1401600)+1 种基金the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(151036)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06C322)。
文摘The vicious cycle between tumor cell proliferation and bone resorption remarkably elevates the progression and metastasis of bone tumors.Here,we fabricated polyethylene glycol-conjugated alendronate-functionalized and chloroquine(CQ)-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles(PPA/CQ)for efficient treatment of bone tumors via breaking the vicious cycle.The nanoparticles were efficiently accumulated to the bone tissues,especially the osteolytic lesions around tumors.CQ released from PPA/CQ inhibited osteoclastogenesis via preventing the degradation of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor-associated receptor 3 to attenuate the osteolysis in bone tumors.On the other hand,CQ blocked the autophagy in cancer cells,resulting in improved photothermal killing of cancer cells.Finally,the in vivo experiment revealed that PPA/CQ-associated treatment efficiently inhibited both tumor growth and osteolysis.This work suggests that autophagy inhibition-associated photothermal therapy could be a promising strategy for treating malignant bone tumors.
