Aim To reveal the main active components and the action mechanisms of Radix astragali on insulin sensitivity improvement, we have investigated the effects of polysaccharide portion and saponin portion of Radix astraga...Aim To reveal the main active components and the action mechanisms of Radix astragali on insulin sensitivity improvement, we have investigated the effects of polysaccharide portion and saponin portion of Radix astragali extracts on blood biochemical indices and related gene expression of dexamethasone-induced SD rats. Methods SD rats (6 per group) received 2 μg/day subcutaneous dexamethasone for 4 weeks plus same dose (10 g material/kg) of polysaccharide or saponin extracts of Radix astragali. Blood samples, kidney tissues and epididymal fat pads were taken at the end of the experiment. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) levels were measured, respectively, mRNA levels of angiotensinogen in kidney, adiponectin and leptin as well as TNF-α in epididymal fats were determined by RT-PCR assay using GAPDH gene as an internal control. Results Both of polysaccharide and saponin extracts of Radix astragali exhibited positive effects in reducing serum triglycerides, glucose, and insulin levels of dexamethasone-induced SD rats. The saponin group showed more improvements on quantitive insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) than the polysaccharide group did. Both of the extracts down-regulated kidney angiotensinogen and fat TNF-α mRNA levels while they were simultaneously up-regulating fat adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels. No significant difference was found between actions of the two extracts. Conclusion Both of polysaccharide and saponin extracts of Radix astragali can improve insulin sensitivity. This action might be closely related to down-regulation of angiotensinogen, TNF-α and up-regulation of adiponectin and leptin expression. The results partly explained the improvement of type Ⅱ diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by Radix astragali. The similar actions of the two crude extracts suggest that unknown key active compounds might exist in both and remain to be discovered.展开更多
To investigate the inhibiting effect of β-Aescin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat brain, 62 SD ra...To investigate the inhibiting effect of β-Aescin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat brain, 62 SD rats were subjected to lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object and divided randomly into four groups: (1) sham operated (Group A); (2) injured (Group B); (3) β-Aescin treatment (Group C); (4) pyrrolidine dithocarbamate (PDTC) treatment (Group D). β-Aescin was administered in Group C and PDTC treated in Group D immediately after injury. A series of brain samples were obtained directly 6h, 24 h and 3 d respectively after trauma in four groups. NF-κB activation was examined by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA); the levels of TNF-α protein were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA); the water content of rat brain was measured and pathomorphological observation was carried out. NF-κB activation, the levels of TNF-α protein and the water content of rat brain were significantly increased (P<0.01) following TBI in rats. Compared with Group B, NF-κB activation (P<0.01), the levels of TNF-α protein (P<0.01) and the water content of brain (P<0.05) began to decrease obviously after injury in Groups C and D.β-Aescin could dramatically inhibit NF-κB activation and the expression of TNF-α protein in the rat brain, alleviate rat brain edema, and that could partially be the molecular mechanism by which β-Aescin attenuates traumatic brain edema.展开更多
This study was designed to systematically investigate expression of TNF α,IL-1β,I1-6 mRNA in the liver,lungs and kidneys, release of TNF α in the above tissues,their relationship with hepatic, pulmonary and renal d...This study was designed to systematically investigate expression of TNF α,IL-1β,I1-6 mRNA in the liver,lungs and kidneys, release of TNF α in the above tissues,their relationship with hepatic, pulmonary and renal dysfunction,and distribution of endogenous endotoxin in tissues after hemorrhagic shock in mice and rats, with reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, etc, to elucidate the kinetics of expression and release of major cytokines in vital organs,their role and mechanism of production in shock. The results were: ①expression of TNF α, IL-1 β, IL-6 mRNA in vital organs successively increased after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation,and TNF α expression was the first to appear followed by IL-1β. Though expression of IL-6 mRNA appeared late,it persisted longer;②TNF α levels in the liver,lungs and kidneys were all elevated but to different degrees after shock and resuscitation. At 3 hours after resuscitation,TNF α levels in the three above tissues were still significantly high,while plasma TNF α levels were already decreased to control levels; ③hepatic,pulmonary and renal functions were damaged to different degrees after hemorrhagic shock,with hepatic dysfunction being the most severe; ④endotoxin levels in the liver, lungs and kidneys were markedly increased after shock and resuscitation,and paraIleled the expression of cytokine genes. In addition,there was slgniflcant correlatlon between changes in endotoxin level in tissues and TNF α release in tissues during early shock. lt is suggested that expression and release of cytokines in vital organs might play an important role in local organ damage after hemorrhagic shock,and production of cytokines is related to endotoxin translocation.展开更多
Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture at conception vessel and governor vessel on correlative signals of inflammatory response stressinjury-repair in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. Methods A total...Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture at conception vessel and governor vessel on correlative signals of inflammatory response stressinjury-repair in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. Methods A total of 216 rats were included in the experiment, of which 192 rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham operation group(group A), model group(group B), governor vessel group(group C), and conception vessel and governor vessel group(group D), 48 rats in each group. The rats in each group were further divided into six sub-groups, including 12 h group, 24 h group, 48 h group, 72 h group, 96 h group and 144 h group. MCAO operation course was simulated in group A, and the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery on the right side were exposed, without insertion of suture or treatment. After completion of modeling in group B, treatment was not conducted. After completion of modeling in group C, "Shuǐgōu(水沟 GV 26)", "Bǎihuì(百会 GV 20)" and "Dàzhuī(大椎 GV 14)" of governor vessel were selected, and electroacupuncture device was connected with "GV 14" and "GV 20". After completion of modeling in group D, "GV 26", "GV 20" and "GV 14" of governor vessel, and "Qìhǎi(气海 CV 6)", "Guānyuán(关元 CV 4)" and "Chéngjiāng(承浆 CV 24)" of conception vessel were selected; electroacupuncture device was connected with "GV 14" and "GV 20", "CV 4" and "CV 6". Neurological severity score was conducted.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was applied to determine the concentration of peripheral serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) of rats, and immunohistochemical method was adopted to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in brain tissue of rats. The other 24 rats were also randomly divided into four groups mentioned above, 6 rats in each group, to detect cerebral ischemie volume. Results Compared with group B, the ischemia volume in brain tissue at 144 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion decreased significantly in group C and group D(P〈0.05), and the ischemia volume in group D was less than that in group C(P〈0.05). The neurological impairment scores of group C and group D at all time points were lower than those of group B, and the differences were statistically significant(all P〈0.05). The scores of group D at all time points were lower than those of group C, and the differences since 24 h were statistically significant(all P〈0.05). Compared with group B, the excessive expression of ACTH was suppressed dynamically and generally in group C and group D(P〈0.05); the expression level of TNF-α was down-regulated and TGF-β1 was up-regulated as well in group C and group D(P〈0.05). The effect in group D was superior to that in group C. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at conception vessel and governor vessel can protect brain through the intervention of the expression of correlative signals of inflammatory response stress-injury-repair of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.展开更多
Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β(IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) of colon t...Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β(IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB 1) of ulcerative colitis(UC) model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū(上巨虚 ST 37), one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl?(足三里 ST 36) group, Xiàjùxū(下巨虚 ST 39) group and Yánglíngquán(阳陵泉 GB 34) group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α(except ST 37 group) and HMGB 1 were all higher(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously(P〈0.01); 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously(P〈0.05). Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is: ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.展开更多
Objective To compare effects of combined acupuncture and general anesthesia (CAGA) and general anesthesia (GA) on immune function in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in peri-operative period. Method...Objective To compare effects of combined acupuncture and general anesthesia (CAGA) and general anesthesia (GA) on immune function in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in peri-operative period. Methods Thirty-nine cases undergoing LC were randomly divided into a CAGA group and a GA group. The CAGA group was treated with electroacupuncture at Hegu (合谷- LI 4), Neiguan (内关PC 6), Zusanli (足三里ST 36) and Yanglingquan (阳陵泉 GB 34) for 15-30 minutes followed by the general anesthesia, and the continuous electroacupuncture stimulation was given till the operation finished. The GA group was treated with simple general anesthesia. Changes of T cell subsets, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed before anesthesia induction, and 2 hours, 1st and 3 rd day after operation, and the adverse reaction after operation was recorded. Results At 2 hours after operation, the percentages of CD3 and CDs in both groups were significantly lower than those before anesthesia induction (all P〈0.05), and the percentage of CD4 in the GA group decreased significantly (P〈0.05), while the percentage of CD: did not significantly change and CD4/CD8 increased significantly in the CAGA group (P〈0.05). At 3 days after operation, the level of TNF-α in the ACGA group decreased significantly as compared with that before anesthesia induction (P〈0.05). The cases with nausea after operation in the CAGA group were significantly less than those in the GA group (P〈0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with general anesthesia has a little effect on immune function in patients of LC with less adverse reactions.展开更多
Objective: To study the changes of interleukin 1 β (IL 1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine...Objective: To study the changes of interleukin 1 β (IL 1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine levels and injury severity in rats. Methods: A total of 51 male Wistar rats, weighing 280 340 g , were anesthetized with chloral hydrate ( 400 mg/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection and fixed on a stereotaxic instrument. Severe brain injury was created in 16 rats (severe injury group) and moderate brain injury in 18 rats (moderate injury group) by a fluid percussion model, and cytokine levels of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 were measured with biological assay. And sham operation was made on the other 17 rats (control group). Results: In the control group, the levels of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 were hardly detected in the cortex of the rats, but in the ipsilateral cortex of the rats in both injury groups, they increased obviously at 8 hours after injury. The increasing degree of these cytokines had no significant difference between the two injury groups. The levels of IL 6 in the plasma of all the rats increased slightly, whereas the levels of IL 1β and TNFα were undetectable. Conclusions: The increase of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 levels is closely related to brain injury. The increased cytokine levels in the central nervous system are not parallel to those in the peripheral blood. It suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the secondary neural damage after brain injury.展开更多
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with Duhuo Jisheng decoction for middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) and its impact on serum high sensitive C-reactive pr...Objective: To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with Duhuo Jisheng decoction for middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) and its impact on serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels.Methods: A total of 90 eligible KOA patients were randomized into an observation group(n=45) and a control group(n=45).Cases in the observation group received moxibustion plus oral administration Duhuo Jisheng decoction, while cases in the control group received Duhuo Jisheng decoction. Then the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were examined and the clinical effect was evaluated.Results: Before treatment, the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels showed no between-group statistical differences(all P〉0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels all dropped significantly in both groups(P〈0.01 or P〈0.05), and the treatment group showed more substantial changes than the control group(all P〈0.05). The total effective rate was 97.8% in the treatment group, versus 86.7% in the control group, showing a statistical difference(P〈0.05).Conclusion: Moxibustion plus Duhuo Jisheng decoction has a good clinical effect for middle-aged and elderly KOA patients,and the effect may relate to the decreased hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels.展开更多
Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(...Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(AIDS/HIV patients),and explored the relationships among intestinal flora,peripheral blood inflammatory factors,and CD4^+T lymphocytes.Methods:Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to determine the messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,and Enterococcus faecium.Correlations among intestinal flora,inflammatory factor levels,and CD4^+T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group,while the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes was lower.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group,while the amounts of E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium were much higher.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-αand IL-6 and the CD4^+T lymphocyte count,while those correlations were reversed for E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium.Conclusions:The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered,and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules for infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:A total of 70 patients were randomize...Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules for infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:A total of 70 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with clomifene citrate capsules,while the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the medications in the control group.The treatment course lasted for 6 menstrual cycles.The endometrial thickness and ovarian volume of the patients were measured before and after treatment.The levels of serum sex hormones,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)were detected.Follow-up was performed for 1 year after treatment,and the pregnancy rate was recorded.Results:After treatment,the endometrium of the patients in both groups was significantly thickened,the ovarian volume was significantly reduced,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The endometrium thickness and ovarian volume in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group(both P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum testostrn(T)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in both groups decreased significantly,the level of estradiol(E2)increased obviously,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The levels of serum T and LH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the E2 level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum TNF-αand NF-κB of the patients in both groups decreased,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The levels of serum TNF-αand NF-κB in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P<0.05).After 1-year follow-up,the pregnancy rate was 20.0%in the control group,versus 51.5%in the observation group.The pregnancy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules can increase the endometrium thickness,reduce the ovarian volume,improve the status of serum sex hormone disorders,and increase the conception rate in patients with infertility due to PCOS,which may be related to the adjustment of the levels of immune inflammatory factors such as serum TNF-αand NF-κB.展开更多
Objective:To compare the modified Qjng Long Bai Wei needling method and ordinary acupuncture method in the effects of improving the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the treatme...Objective:To compare the modified Qjng Long Bai Wei needling method and ordinary acupuncture method in the effects of improving the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA),and to determine the advantage of the modified Qing Long Bai Wei needling method for KOA.Methods:One hundred KOA patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using the random number table,with 50 cases in each group.The treatment group was intervened by the modified Qing Long Bai Wei needling method,and the control group was given ordinary acupuncture.The two groups were observed before and after the treatment to determine the changes in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid,and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate and clinical recovery rate were 97.9% and 52.1% respectively in the treatment group,versus 85.1% and 25.5% in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01).After the treatment,the levels of Ib1β,IL-6 and TNF-cα in synovial fluid changed significantly in both groups (all P<0.01);there were significant differences in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid between the two groups (all P<0.01).Conclusion:The modified Qjng Long Bai Wei needling is an effective method for KOA and it can significantly improve the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin re...Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy. Methods:The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of〉40 kg/m2. Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of≤24.9 kg/m2. Results:In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a de-creased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4%reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concen-tration of CRP, but no change in TNF-αor IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced. Conclusions:The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.展开更多
文摘Aim To reveal the main active components and the action mechanisms of Radix astragali on insulin sensitivity improvement, we have investigated the effects of polysaccharide portion and saponin portion of Radix astragali extracts on blood biochemical indices and related gene expression of dexamethasone-induced SD rats. Methods SD rats (6 per group) received 2 μg/day subcutaneous dexamethasone for 4 weeks plus same dose (10 g material/kg) of polysaccharide or saponin extracts of Radix astragali. Blood samples, kidney tissues and epididymal fat pads were taken at the end of the experiment. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), glucose (GLU) and insulin (INS) levels were measured, respectively, mRNA levels of angiotensinogen in kidney, adiponectin and leptin as well as TNF-α in epididymal fats were determined by RT-PCR assay using GAPDH gene as an internal control. Results Both of polysaccharide and saponin extracts of Radix astragali exhibited positive effects in reducing serum triglycerides, glucose, and insulin levels of dexamethasone-induced SD rats. The saponin group showed more improvements on quantitive insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) than the polysaccharide group did. Both of the extracts down-regulated kidney angiotensinogen and fat TNF-α mRNA levels while they were simultaneously up-regulating fat adiponectin and leptin mRNA levels. No significant difference was found between actions of the two extracts. Conclusion Both of polysaccharide and saponin extracts of Radix astragali can improve insulin sensitivity. This action might be closely related to down-regulation of angiotensinogen, TNF-α and up-regulation of adiponectin and leptin expression. The results partly explained the improvement of type Ⅱ diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by Radix astragali. The similar actions of the two crude extracts suggest that unknown key active compounds might exist in both and remain to be discovered.
文摘To investigate the inhibiting effect of β-Aescin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat brain, 62 SD rats were subjected to lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object and divided randomly into four groups: (1) sham operated (Group A); (2) injured (Group B); (3) β-Aescin treatment (Group C); (4) pyrrolidine dithocarbamate (PDTC) treatment (Group D). β-Aescin was administered in Group C and PDTC treated in Group D immediately after injury. A series of brain samples were obtained directly 6h, 24 h and 3 d respectively after trauma in four groups. NF-κB activation was examined by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA); the levels of TNF-α protein were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA); the water content of rat brain was measured and pathomorphological observation was carried out. NF-κB activation, the levels of TNF-α protein and the water content of rat brain were significantly increased (P<0.01) following TBI in rats. Compared with Group B, NF-κB activation (P<0.01), the levels of TNF-α protein (P<0.01) and the water content of brain (P<0.05) began to decrease obviously after injury in Groups C and D.β-Aescin could dramatically inhibit NF-κB activation and the expression of TNF-α protein in the rat brain, alleviate rat brain edema, and that could partially be the molecular mechanism by which β-Aescin attenuates traumatic brain edema.
文摘This study was designed to systematically investigate expression of TNF α,IL-1β,I1-6 mRNA in the liver,lungs and kidneys, release of TNF α in the above tissues,their relationship with hepatic, pulmonary and renal dysfunction,and distribution of endogenous endotoxin in tissues after hemorrhagic shock in mice and rats, with reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, etc, to elucidate the kinetics of expression and release of major cytokines in vital organs,their role and mechanism of production in shock. The results were: ①expression of TNF α, IL-1 β, IL-6 mRNA in vital organs successively increased after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation,and TNF α expression was the first to appear followed by IL-1β. Though expression of IL-6 mRNA appeared late,it persisted longer;②TNF α levels in the liver,lungs and kidneys were all elevated but to different degrees after shock and resuscitation. At 3 hours after resuscitation,TNF α levels in the three above tissues were still significantly high,while plasma TNF α levels were already decreased to control levels; ③hepatic,pulmonary and renal functions were damaged to different degrees after hemorrhagic shock,with hepatic dysfunction being the most severe; ④endotoxin levels in the liver, lungs and kidneys were markedly increased after shock and resuscitation,and paraIleled the expression of cytokine genes. In addition,there was slgniflcant correlatlon between changes in endotoxin level in tissues and TNF α release in tissues during early shock. lt is suggested that expression and release of cytokines in vital organs might play an important role in local organ damage after hemorrhagic shock,and production of cytokines is related to endotoxin translocation.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Municipal Scientific and Technological Innovation Committee:JCYJ 20140408152909270Project of Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Technical Research and Development Fund Conditions and Platform Construction Plan:CXB 201111250113A
文摘Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture at conception vessel and governor vessel on correlative signals of inflammatory response stressinjury-repair in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats. Methods A total of 216 rats were included in the experiment, of which 192 rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham operation group(group A), model group(group B), governor vessel group(group C), and conception vessel and governor vessel group(group D), 48 rats in each group. The rats in each group were further divided into six sub-groups, including 12 h group, 24 h group, 48 h group, 72 h group, 96 h group and 144 h group. MCAO operation course was simulated in group A, and the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery on the right side were exposed, without insertion of suture or treatment. After completion of modeling in group B, treatment was not conducted. After completion of modeling in group C, "Shuǐgōu(水沟 GV 26)", "Bǎihuì(百会 GV 20)" and "Dàzhuī(大椎 GV 14)" of governor vessel were selected, and electroacupuncture device was connected with "GV 14" and "GV 20". After completion of modeling in group D, "GV 26", "GV 20" and "GV 14" of governor vessel, and "Qìhǎi(气海 CV 6)", "Guānyuán(关元 CV 4)" and "Chéngjiāng(承浆 CV 24)" of conception vessel were selected; electroacupuncture device was connected with "GV 14" and "GV 20", "CV 4" and "CV 6". Neurological severity score was conducted.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was applied to determine the concentration of peripheral serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) of rats, and immunohistochemical method was adopted to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in brain tissue of rats. The other 24 rats were also randomly divided into four groups mentioned above, 6 rats in each group, to detect cerebral ischemie volume. Results Compared with group B, the ischemia volume in brain tissue at 144 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion decreased significantly in group C and group D(P〈0.05), and the ischemia volume in group D was less than that in group C(P〈0.05). The neurological impairment scores of group C and group D at all time points were lower than those of group B, and the differences were statistically significant(all P〈0.05). The scores of group D at all time points were lower than those of group C, and the differences since 24 h were statistically significant(all P〈0.05). Compared with group B, the excessive expression of ACTH was suppressed dynamically and generally in group C and group D(P〈0.05); the expression level of TNF-α was down-regulated and TGF-β1 was up-regulated as well in group C and group D(P〈0.05). The effect in group D was superior to that in group C. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at conception vessel and governor vessel can protect brain through the intervention of the expression of correlative signals of inflammatory response stress-injury-repair of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173327/H2718
文摘Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β(IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB 1) of ulcerative colitis(UC) model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū(上巨虚 ST 37), one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl?(足三里 ST 36) group, Xiàjùxū(下巨虚 ST 39) group and Yánglíngquán(阳陵泉 GB 34) group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α(except ST 37 group) and HMGB 1 were all higher(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously(P〈0.01); 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously(P〈0.05, P〈0.01); and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously(P〈0.05). Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is: ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.
基金Supported by National Natural Scientif ic Foundation: 30772832
文摘Objective To compare effects of combined acupuncture and general anesthesia (CAGA) and general anesthesia (GA) on immune function in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in peri-operative period. Methods Thirty-nine cases undergoing LC were randomly divided into a CAGA group and a GA group. The CAGA group was treated with electroacupuncture at Hegu (合谷- LI 4), Neiguan (内关PC 6), Zusanli (足三里ST 36) and Yanglingquan (阳陵泉 GB 34) for 15-30 minutes followed by the general anesthesia, and the continuous electroacupuncture stimulation was given till the operation finished. The GA group was treated with simple general anesthesia. Changes of T cell subsets, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed before anesthesia induction, and 2 hours, 1st and 3 rd day after operation, and the adverse reaction after operation was recorded. Results At 2 hours after operation, the percentages of CD3 and CDs in both groups were significantly lower than those before anesthesia induction (all P〈0.05), and the percentage of CD4 in the GA group decreased significantly (P〈0.05), while the percentage of CD: did not significantly change and CD4/CD8 increased significantly in the CAGA group (P〈0.05). At 3 days after operation, the level of TNF-α in the ACGA group decreased significantly as compared with that before anesthesia induction (P〈0.05). The cases with nausea after operation in the CAGA group were significantly less than those in the GA group (P〈0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with general anesthesia has a little effect on immune function in patients of LC with less adverse reactions.
文摘Objective: To study the changes of interleukin 1 β (IL 1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine levels and injury severity in rats. Methods: A total of 51 male Wistar rats, weighing 280 340 g , were anesthetized with chloral hydrate ( 400 mg/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection and fixed on a stereotaxic instrument. Severe brain injury was created in 16 rats (severe injury group) and moderate brain injury in 18 rats (moderate injury group) by a fluid percussion model, and cytokine levels of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 were measured with biological assay. And sham operation was made on the other 17 rats (control group). Results: In the control group, the levels of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 were hardly detected in the cortex of the rats, but in the ipsilateral cortex of the rats in both injury groups, they increased obviously at 8 hours after injury. The increasing degree of these cytokines had no significant difference between the two injury groups. The levels of IL 6 in the plasma of all the rats increased slightly, whereas the levels of IL 1β and TNFα were undetectable. Conclusions: The increase of IL 1β, TNFα and IL 6 levels is closely related to brain injury. The increased cytokine levels in the central nervous system are not parallel to those in the peripheral blood. It suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the secondary neural damage after brain injury.
文摘Objective: To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with Duhuo Jisheng decoction for middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) and its impact on serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels.Methods: A total of 90 eligible KOA patients were randomized into an observation group(n=45) and a control group(n=45).Cases in the observation group received moxibustion plus oral administration Duhuo Jisheng decoction, while cases in the control group received Duhuo Jisheng decoction. Then the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were examined and the clinical effect was evaluated.Results: Before treatment, the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels showed no between-group statistical differences(all P〉0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels all dropped significantly in both groups(P〈0.01 or P〈0.05), and the treatment group showed more substantial changes than the control group(all P〈0.05). The total effective rate was 97.8% in the treatment group, versus 86.7% in the control group, showing a statistical difference(P〈0.05).Conclusion: Moxibustion plus Duhuo Jisheng decoction has a good clinical effect for middle-aged and elderly KOA patients,and the effect may relate to the decreased hs-CRP, IL-1β and TNF-α levels.
文摘Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(AIDS/HIV patients),and explored the relationships among intestinal flora,peripheral blood inflammatory factors,and CD4^+T lymphocytes.Methods:Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to determine the messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,and Enterococcus faecium.Correlations among intestinal flora,inflammatory factor levels,and CD4^+T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group,while the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes was lower.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group,while the amounts of E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium were much higher.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-αand IL-6 and the CD4^+T lymphocyte count,while those correlations were reversed for E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium.Conclusions:The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered,and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.
文摘Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules for infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:A total of 70 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with clomifene citrate capsules,while the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the medications in the control group.The treatment course lasted for 6 menstrual cycles.The endometrial thickness and ovarian volume of the patients were measured before and after treatment.The levels of serum sex hormones,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)were detected.Follow-up was performed for 1 year after treatment,and the pregnancy rate was recorded.Results:After treatment,the endometrium of the patients in both groups was significantly thickened,the ovarian volume was significantly reduced,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The endometrium thickness and ovarian volume in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group(both P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum testostrn(T)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in both groups decreased significantly,the level of estradiol(E2)increased obviously,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The levels of serum T and LH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the E2 level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum TNF-αand NF-κB of the patients in both groups decreased,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The levels of serum TNF-αand NF-κB in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P<0.05).After 1-year follow-up,the pregnancy rate was 20.0%in the control group,versus 51.5%in the observation group.The pregnancy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus clomifene citrate capsules can increase the endometrium thickness,reduce the ovarian volume,improve the status of serum sex hormone disorders,and increase the conception rate in patients with infertility due to PCOS,which may be related to the adjustment of the levels of immune inflammatory factors such as serum TNF-αand NF-κB.
基金2014 Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province(2014年度湖北省中医药科研项目,JDZX2014Y06)%Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine%The 6th Group of Wuhan Young and Middle-aged Remarkable Talents in Medical Science
文摘Objective:To compare the modified Qjng Long Bai Wei needling method and ordinary acupuncture method in the effects of improving the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA),and to determine the advantage of the modified Qing Long Bai Wei needling method for KOA.Methods:One hundred KOA patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using the random number table,with 50 cases in each group.The treatment group was intervened by the modified Qing Long Bai Wei needling method,and the control group was given ordinary acupuncture.The two groups were observed before and after the treatment to determine the changes in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid,and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate and clinical recovery rate were 97.9% and 52.1% respectively in the treatment group,versus 85.1% and 25.5% in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01).After the treatment,the levels of Ib1β,IL-6 and TNF-cα in synovial fluid changed significantly in both groups (all P<0.01);there were significant differences in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid between the two groups (all P<0.01).Conclusion:The modified Qjng Long Bai Wei needling is an effective method for KOA and it can significantly improve the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in synovial fluid.
基金Project supported by the Nicolaus Copernicus University,Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz,Poland
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy. Methods:The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of〉40 kg/m2. Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of≤24.9 kg/m2. Results:In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a de-creased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4%reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concen-tration of CRP, but no change in TNF-αor IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced. Conclusions:The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.