滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)是一种以环状DNA单链为模板,由DNA聚合酶介导的高效等温酶促反应,具有简便、快速、高效等优点,能在短时间内快速产生大量具有重复碱基序列的超长单链DNA。由于DNA的可编码性,可以根据需要去...滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)是一种以环状DNA单链为模板,由DNA聚合酶介导的高效等温酶促反应,具有简便、快速、高效等优点,能在短时间内快速产生大量具有重复碱基序列的超长单链DNA。由于DNA的可编码性,可以根据需要去设计模板DNA序列,从而产生大量功能性的产物,在生物检测、药物递送等领域发挥出独特优势。本文概述了RCA技术的基本原理与分类,并着重介绍了近几年RCA技术在肿瘤检测及药物递送方面的应用,最后讨论了该技术的应用前景和所面临的挑战。展开更多
Cancer cell dormancy is the main cause of cancer recurrence and failure of therapy as dormant cells evade not only the anticancer drugs but also the host immune system. These dormant cells veil themselves from detecti...Cancer cell dormancy is the main cause of cancer recurrence and failure of therapy as dormant cells evade not only the anticancer drugs but also the host immune system. These dormant cells veil themselves from detection by imaging and/or using biomarkers, which imposes an additional problem in targeting such cells. A similar form of hibernation process known as encystation is studied in detail for pathogenic unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms. By examination using microarray gene expression profiles, immunocytochemistry tools, and siRNAs during the process of encystation, understanding the covert features of cancer cell dormancy as proposed could be possible. This knowledge can be extended to dormant cancer cells to uncover the mechanisms that underlie this ghost, yet dangerous state of human cancers. We propose a strategy to induce dormancy and exit this state by application of knowledge gained from the encystation induction and retrieval processes in pathogenic eukaryotic microorganisms. Given that early detection and characterization of dormant malignant tumor cells is important as a general strategy to monitor and prevent the development of overt metastatic disease, this homology may enable the design of therapies that could either awake the dormant cell from dormancy to make it available for therapies or prolong such a phase to make cancer appear as a chronic disease展开更多
Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly female genital malignant tumors in many regions while an effective early screening strategy can save numerous lives.CA125 and HE4 are tumor markers validated efficacious as wel...Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly female genital malignant tumors in many regions while an effective early screening strategy can save numerous lives.CA125 and HE4 are tumor markers validated efficacious as well as most commonly used in recent screening research of ovarian cancer.In this paper,the authors construct a change-point and mixture model on the basis of longitudinal CA125 and HE4 levels and estimated parameters using maximum likelihood method with the preclinical duration assumed right-censored,which is more adaptive and yields comparable results in comparison to the Bayesian approach raised by Skates.Consistency of estimators is proved.The authors also run a 5-year simulation of sequential screening by calculating the risk of cancer and hypothesis testing the true incidence time respectively.Results show that diagnosis based on hypothesis test performs better in early detection.展开更多
文摘滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)是一种以环状DNA单链为模板,由DNA聚合酶介导的高效等温酶促反应,具有简便、快速、高效等优点,能在短时间内快速产生大量具有重复碱基序列的超长单链DNA。由于DNA的可编码性,可以根据需要去设计模板DNA序列,从而产生大量功能性的产物,在生物检测、药物递送等领域发挥出独特优势。本文概述了RCA技术的基本原理与分类,并着重介绍了近几年RCA技术在肿瘤检测及药物递送方面的应用,最后讨论了该技术的应用前景和所面临的挑战。
文摘Cancer cell dormancy is the main cause of cancer recurrence and failure of therapy as dormant cells evade not only the anticancer drugs but also the host immune system. These dormant cells veil themselves from detection by imaging and/or using biomarkers, which imposes an additional problem in targeting such cells. A similar form of hibernation process known as encystation is studied in detail for pathogenic unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms. By examination using microarray gene expression profiles, immunocytochemistry tools, and siRNAs during the process of encystation, understanding the covert features of cancer cell dormancy as proposed could be possible. This knowledge can be extended to dormant cancer cells to uncover the mechanisms that underlie this ghost, yet dangerous state of human cancers. We propose a strategy to induce dormancy and exit this state by application of knowledge gained from the encystation induction and retrieval processes in pathogenic eukaryotic microorganisms. Given that early detection and characterization of dormant malignant tumor cells is important as a general strategy to monitor and prevent the development of overt metastatic disease, this homology may enable the design of therapies that could either awake the dormant cell from dormancy to make it available for therapies or prolong such a phase to make cancer appear as a chronic disease
基金supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20090001110005the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11171007
文摘Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly female genital malignant tumors in many regions while an effective early screening strategy can save numerous lives.CA125 and HE4 are tumor markers validated efficacious as well as most commonly used in recent screening research of ovarian cancer.In this paper,the authors construct a change-point and mixture model on the basis of longitudinal CA125 and HE4 levels and estimated parameters using maximum likelihood method with the preclinical duration assumed right-censored,which is more adaptive and yields comparable results in comparison to the Bayesian approach raised by Skates.Consistency of estimators is proved.The authors also run a 5-year simulation of sequential screening by calculating the risk of cancer and hypothesis testing the true incidence time respectively.Results show that diagnosis based on hypothesis test performs better in early detection.
