变压器表面有油污时对红外测温图片的影响

红外测温技术目前已成为监测电气设备运行工况的一个重要手段，但目前对于现场千变万化的设备、环境以及材料，使得红外测温图片的判断比较困难，需要一定的积累，文章中通过对电力变压器表面有油污时红外测温图片的分析，找到了变压器表面存在油污对红外测温工作的影响，属于探讨性的结论，在本文中与大家共享。

Early-warning of Mud Expansion in Sewage Treatment Plants by A/O Technology

Early-warning is an effective way to control mud expansion in sewage treatment plants with A/O technology. In the research, warning indices and technology of active mud were explored and it is concluded that bacteria growth in mud can be obtained by observation of mud appearance and microorganism variety, and measurement of the number of filamentous bacteria, water quality, mud load and age, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH. Furthermore, filamentous bacteria in mud can be researched through fluorescence in situ hybridization, PCR-temperature denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism in order to determine the characters and states of active mud to achieve early warning of mud expansion.

Study on Limited Filamentous Sludge Bulking Test in A/O Activated Sludge Process

[Objective] This study aimed to make use of the limited filamentous sludge bulking characteristics to purify water quality and save energy. [Method] The effects of dissolved oxygen （DO） on sludge bulking were explored by changing the DO con- centration in the aerobiotic pool of NO system from the low load （0.25 kg COD/（kg MLSS.d）） and the medium to high load （0.55 kgCOD/（kg MLSSod））. [Result] In the NO activated sludge system, when the sludge load was 0.25 kg COD/（kg MLSS.d）, DO=1.5 mg/L, the sludge index was at around 250, while when the sludge load- ing was 0.55 kg COD/（kg MLSS.d）, DO=1.5 mg/L, the sludge index was close to 300, occurring the limited filamentous bulking. The bulked sludge still showed high removal rates to COD, SS, nitrogen and phosphorus. [Conclusion] It could improve the oxygen transfer rate and reduce the aeration rate at low DO conditions to achieve energy-saving.

Development of a novel modified EGSB reactor for municipal sewage treatment at ambient temperatures

A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.

Swelling Properties of Water-Swelling Materials Exposed to Organic Water Pollution

A water-swelling material is one of the rubbery impermeable materials which mixed synthetic resin elastomers as a base material, high absorbency polymers, filler and solvents. In this study, swelling characteristics of the water-swelling material on the water polluted with COD and BOD, as an impermeable material at coastal landfill sites, are examined by laboratory swelling ratio test. Furthermore, the factor in which it influences the swelling pressure of water-swelling material is clarified by measuring the swelling pressure. As the results, the COD nor the BOD concentrations in the soaked water influence the swelling ratio of the water-swelling material. When the thicknesses of water-swelling material are 2 mm and 3 mm, the maximum swelling pressure of 0.5 MPa or more that corresponds to hydraulic pressure by depth of 50 m is possessed.

Enhanced Anaerobic Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Chemical Additive

The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the final product and are discharged in the effluent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed （EGSB） reactor to treat synthetic textile wastewater. Several experiments using Direct Red 81 and volatile fatty acids as model substrates were conducted. The problems of decolorization was evaluated at a variety of relevant operational conditions, such as substrate concentration, organic and hydraulic loading rates. The results showed that retention time of EGSB equals 1.6 h and 80 mg/L at the hydraulic and dye concentration respectively, and that the color removal efficiency can reach 90%. Additionally, some chemical additions were proposed to improve the decolorization rate and increase the treatment efficiency of the system. For instance, sulfide was added at 200 mg/L in the influent, which can increase the dye removal efficiency to 95%.

The Effect of Non-acidified Wastewater on Expanded Granular Sludge Bed （EGSB） Reactors Performance

The textile processing plants utilize a wide variety of dyes and other chemicals such as acids, bases, salts, detergents, sizes, oxidants, mercerizing and finishing chemicals. Many of these are not retained in the final product and are discharged in the effluent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of EGSB （Expanded Granular Sludge Bed） reactor to treat non-acidifie wastewater. Several experiments using starch and volatile fatty acids as model substrates were conducted. The problems of piston formation were evaluated at a variety of relevant operational conditions, such as substrate concentration, organic and hydraulic loading rates. The results showed that newly grown acidogenic biomass diluted original methanogenic biomass and the granular sludge in the EGSB reactor deteriorated. The piston formation in the EGSB reactor that was fed with non-acidified wastewater occurred due to high growth of acidogenic biomass and high upflow velocity applied in the system.

Comparison of Mg^(2+)- and Ca^(2+)-enhancing anaerobic granulation in an expanded granular sludge-bed reactor

The mechanisms responsible for the fast granulation of anaerobic sludge caused by Mg2+ and Ca2+ addition was examined in four lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactors. Results indicated that both Mg2+ and Ca2+ accelerated the sludge-granulation process and increased the amount of polysaccharides and proteins in the sludge. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry(EDX) analysis revealed that, in a mature granule, both Mg2+ and Ca2+ composed as phosphate and calcium was distributed primarily in the periphery of the granule, while magnesium distributed mainly in the interior. The addition of Mg2+ was more favorable for the nuclei formation, whereas the addition of Ca2+ was more favorable for subgranule growth and maintaining the granules' rigid structure. Results showed that the addition of Mg2+ in the nuclei formation stage and Ca2+ in the granule-growth stage accelerated granulation more than adding only one of them in the granulation process.