明确土壤蒸发的变化过程和影响因素,建立简便且具有较高精度的计算模型,对提高水资源利用效率,减少无效水分消耗具有重要指导意义。以温室滴灌黄瓜为试验对象,对土壤蒸发进行了连续测量,引入Priestley-Taylor模型的土壤蒸发模块,将蒸发...明确土壤蒸发的变化过程和影响因素,建立简便且具有较高精度的计算模型,对提高水资源利用效率,减少无效水分消耗具有重要指导意义。以温室滴灌黄瓜为试验对象,对土壤蒸发进行了连续测量,引入Priestley-Taylor模型的土壤蒸发模块,将蒸发过程分为2个阶段,探讨了3个限制系数(Deardorff,1977:f_(sw)-1;Yao et al.,2013:f_(sw)-2;Ershadi et al.,2014:f_(sw)-3)对模型精度的影响。结果表明:全生育期温室滴灌黄瓜的土壤蒸发在0.13~9.15 g/d之间变化,平均值为3.15 g/d,总体表现为“增加-降低-增加”的变化趋势;土壤蒸发与表层含水率和LAI均呈e指数函数关系,与含水率呈正比,与LAI呈反比;土壤蒸发系数与含水率变化过程相似,全生育期在0.49~1.26之间变化;3个模型在第2阶段的模拟精度较高,且f_(sw)-1的精度优于f_(sw)-2和f_(sw)-3,MAE和RMSE分别为0.14和0.21 mm/d。因此,采用PT-f_(sw)-1模型模拟滴灌条件下的土壤蒸发具有较高精度,可为精确掌握温室滴灌黄瓜水分消耗提供依据。展开更多
Water relations of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. at the transition zone between oases and sandy desert were studied in the southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert. Results showed that A. sparsifolia maintained the positive tu...Water relations of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. at the transition zone between oases and sandy desert were studied in the southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert. Results showed that A. sparsifolia maintained the positive turgor during the summer. The steady high predawn water potential (psi(P)) indicated A. sparsifolia had sufficient hydration and water supply in growing season. In July, water deficit caused by drought stress had no effect on the transpiration of A. sparsifolia. Therefore, drought stress is not a main factor affecting the survival of plants. The physiological adaptation to drought of A. sparsifolia was shown mainly at the leaf level by significant difference (DeltaII) and relative water content (RWC) between the osmotic pressure at full turgor and at turgor loss, by occurring of osmotic adjustment, by high percentage of dry mass-related water content ( WCsat), by RWC at turgor loss point ( RWCp) in stable level and low RWC of the saturated symplast (RWCsym). However, the morphological features of transpiring surface reduction and deep root system seem to be the main way for the plant to adapt to the extreme drought environment. Result also suggests that one time of irregular irrigation in summer will not be helpful to recover water status of A. sparsifolia in location where the water table is very low.展开更多
文摘明确土壤蒸发的变化过程和影响因素,建立简便且具有较高精度的计算模型,对提高水资源利用效率,减少无效水分消耗具有重要指导意义。以温室滴灌黄瓜为试验对象,对土壤蒸发进行了连续测量,引入Priestley-Taylor模型的土壤蒸发模块,将蒸发过程分为2个阶段,探讨了3个限制系数(Deardorff,1977:f_(sw)-1;Yao et al.,2013:f_(sw)-2;Ershadi et al.,2014:f_(sw)-3)对模型精度的影响。结果表明:全生育期温室滴灌黄瓜的土壤蒸发在0.13~9.15 g/d之间变化,平均值为3.15 g/d,总体表现为“增加-降低-增加”的变化趋势;土壤蒸发与表层含水率和LAI均呈e指数函数关系,与含水率呈正比,与LAI呈反比;土壤蒸发系数与含水率变化过程相似,全生育期在0.49~1.26之间变化;3个模型在第2阶段的模拟精度较高,且f_(sw)-1的精度优于f_(sw)-2和f_(sw)-3,MAE和RMSE分别为0.14和0.21 mm/d。因此,采用PT-f_(sw)-1模型模拟滴灌条件下的土壤蒸发具有较高精度,可为精确掌握温室滴灌黄瓜水分消耗提供依据。
文摘Water relations of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. at the transition zone between oases and sandy desert were studied in the southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert. Results showed that A. sparsifolia maintained the positive turgor during the summer. The steady high predawn water potential (psi(P)) indicated A. sparsifolia had sufficient hydration and water supply in growing season. In July, water deficit caused by drought stress had no effect on the transpiration of A. sparsifolia. Therefore, drought stress is not a main factor affecting the survival of plants. The physiological adaptation to drought of A. sparsifolia was shown mainly at the leaf level by significant difference (DeltaII) and relative water content (RWC) between the osmotic pressure at full turgor and at turgor loss, by occurring of osmotic adjustment, by high percentage of dry mass-related water content ( WCsat), by RWC at turgor loss point ( RWCp) in stable level and low RWC of the saturated symplast (RWCsym). However, the morphological features of transpiring surface reduction and deep root system seem to be the main way for the plant to adapt to the extreme drought environment. Result also suggests that one time of irregular irrigation in summer will not be helpful to recover water status of A. sparsifolia in location where the water table is very low.
