胃疾康治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的机理研究

【目的】探讨胃疾康治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的机理。【方法】采用综合法制作萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型,分成正常对照组(10只)、模型组(10只)、胃复春组(10只)、低剂量胃疾康组(10只)和高剂量胃疾康组(10只),对大鼠的胃粘膜进行光镜和电镜观察。【结果】经过30d治疗,胃疾康与胃复春片相比,可以显著改善大鼠胃粘膜腺体萎缩(P<0.05)。【结论】胃疾康对大鼠萎缩性胃炎有治疗作用。

Role of Toll-like receptors in health and diseases of gastrointestinal tract

The human gastrointestinal （GI） tract is colonized by non-pathogenic commensal microflora and frequently exposed to many pathogenic organisms. For the maintenance of GI homeostasis, the host must discriminate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms and initiate effective and appropriate immune and inflammatory responses. Mammalian tolllike receptors （TLRs） are members of the patternrecognition receptor （PRR） family that plays a central role in the initiation of innate cellular immune responses and the subsequent adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens. Recent studies have shown that gastrointestinal epithelial cells express almost all TLR subtypes characterized to date and that the expression and activation of TLRs in the GI tract are tightly and coordinately regulated. This review summarizes the current understanding of the crucial dual roles of TLRs in the development of host innate and adaptive immune responses to GI infections and the maintenance of the immune tolerance to commensal bacteria through downregulation of surface expression of TLRs in intestinal epithelial cells.

Visceral response to acute retrograde gastric electrical stimulation in healthy human

AIM: To investigate the visceral response to acute retrograde gastric electrical stimulation (RGES) in healthy humans and to derive optimal parameters for treatment of patients with obesity.METHODS: RGES with a series of effective parameters were performed via a bipolar mucosal electrode implanted along the great curvature 5 cm above pylorus of stomach in 12 healthy human subjects. Symptoms associated with dyspepsia and other discomfort were observed and graded during RGES at different settings, including long pulse and pulse train. Gastric myoelectrical activity at baseline and during different settings of stimulation was recorded by a multi-channel electrogastrography.RESULTS: The gastric slow wave was entrained in all the subjects at the pacing parameter of 9 cpm in frequency, 500 ms in pulse width, and 5 mA in amplitude.The frequently appeared symptoms during stimulation were satiety, bloating, discomfort, pain, sting, and nausea. The total symptom score for each subject significantly increased as the amplitude or pulse width was adjusted to a higher scale in both long pulse and pulse train. There was a wide diversity of visceral responses to RGES among individuals.CONCLUSION: Acute RGES can result in a series of symptoms associated with dyspepsia, which is beneficial to the treatment of obesity. Optimal parameter should be determined according to the individual sensitivity to electrical stimulation.

Impact of disease severity on gastric residual volume in critical patients

AIM: To investigate whether illness severity has an impact on gastric residual volume (GRV) in medical critically ill patients. METHODS: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring nasogastric feeding were enrolled. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was assessed immediately preceding the start of the study. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ scores were recorded on the first, fourth, seventh, and fourteenth day of the study period. GRV was measured every 4 h during enteral feeding. The relationship be-tween mean daily GRV and SOFA scores and the correlation between mean daily GRV and mean APACHE Ⅱ score of all patients were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients, 43 patients were survivors and 18 patients were non-survivors. The mean daily GRV increased as SOFA scores increased (P < 0.001, analysis of variance). Mean APACHE Ⅱ scores of all patients correlated with mean daily GRV (P = 0.011, Pearson correlation) during the study period. Patients with decreasing GRV in the first 2 d had better survival than patients without decreasing GRV (P = 0.017, log rank test). CONCLUSION: GRV is higher in more severely ill medical ICU patients. Patients with decreasing GRV had lower ICU mortality than patients without decreasing GRV.

A preliminary study on the econazole induced endoplasmic reticulum related apoptosis in HL-60 leukemic cells

Objective： To investigate the anti-leukemic function of econazole （Ec）, an azole anti-fungal drug. Methods： We compared efficacy of econazole to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells with two other known endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress inducer thapsigargin （Tg） and tunicamycin （Tu）. Results： Cells treated with Ec showed typical morphology of apoptosis following 24 h incubation, parallel to the morphological changes, the expression of molecular chaperone GRP 78 was up-regulated in all cases and the caspase 12, an ER resident caspase was activated. Conclusion： Ec induced ER stress related apoptosis in HL-60 cells; the underlying mechanisms are protein synthesis inhibition through eIF20α phosphorylation and caspase 12 activation.