单侧前牙反[牙合]对三叉神经感觉主核背内侧部及丘脑腹后内侧核VGLUT表达水平影响的研究

目的:异常咬合信息可以通过牙周本体感受器、三叉神经系向高级中枢传递,三叉神经感觉主核背内侧部(dorsomedial part of the trigeminal nucleus,Vpdm)-丘脑腹后内侧核(ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus,VPM)是重要的三叉神经系上传通路,Vpdm是否会受到异常咬合影响,是否继续上传至VPM值得深入研究。本文通过检测单侧前牙反[牙合](unilateral anterior crossbite,UAC)大鼠,Vpdm及VPM中兴奋性神经传导标志物—囊泡膜谷氨酸转运体1,2(vesicular glutamate transporter1,2,VGLUT1,2)的表达变化,探讨该问题。方法:将雌性大鼠42只分为UAC组和对照组,造模后2、4和8周取材,以免疫荧光、Western blot及实时定量PCR技术,检测目标神经核团中VGLUT1,2的表达差异。结果:UAC组Vpdm内VGLUT1蛋白和mRNA的表达在各个时间点均明显高于对照组,而VGLUT2 mRNA的表达则无显著性差异。在VPM内,VGLUT1,2的蛋白水平和mRNA水平两组间均无显著差异。结论:UAC促进了Vpdm的VGLUT1表达,但对VPM的VGLUT1,2表达水平没有显著影响。

基于ANSYS的型钢背楞结构及加固方案优化

新型型钢背楞剪力墙模板加固体系与传统加固体系相比,采用型钢主次背楞替代了木胶合模板、方木、钢管等材料。加固刚度有一定提高,有效提高材料周转率,避免了传统加固方式的钢管主背楞长度限制、接触面积小、木方使用时间短、洞口加固工序繁琐、材料需求大等弊端。因此,型钢背楞被广泛应用于建筑行业。本文基于ANSYS有限元优化设计,详细的研究了结构及加固方式对背楞强度及变形的影响。

右侧主动脈弓(尸体解剖报告一例)

主动脉弓在人类正常的发育是向左侧的,但有时发生异常现象成所谓右侧主动脉弓。关於右侧主动脉弓的出现率,文献报告颇不一致,这种情形在鸟类本是正常现象——右侧弓(图1,一)。一般的系统解剖学如:Quain、Piersol、Morris、Gray、Cunningham、Grant、Тонков及张岩等对於主动脉弓的发育和变异皆有或多或少的叙述.

关于《三国演义》的几点思考

俗话说,少不读《水浒》,老不读《三国》。作为年轻人,我觉得读三国是为了不读,因为有很多"不读也罢"的原因。笔者暂且将"不读也罢"归结为以下三个原因:一部骂书,一出哭戏,一场闹剧。1一部骂书:三国人物的骂人情怀《三国演义》中的人物都喜欢骂人并且能骂、会骂,骂得酣畅淋漓。古代书本典籍中很少有比得上《三国演义》中的人物骂人的书面记录之多。每回都有骂人场景,同时每人皆有挨骂之时。

浅谈混凝土结构型钢加固模板体系施工质量控制

建筑工程混凝土结构施工型钢加固模板体系作为一种新型的加固方法,该体系较传统的扣件式钢管加固模板体系更能保证混凝土的成型质量,特别适用标准层结构加固,重复利用率高,大大减少材料投入,且具有材质轻、操作简便、施工速度快、节省人工.本文结合本工程的实践经验,简单介绍了型钢加固体系的组成及型钢加固体系工艺原理、安装质量控制和拆除要点,以供同行参考与借鉴.

舞龙趣话

在中国神话传说中,「龙」能兴云布雨,消灭降福,象征吉祥,所以舞龙成为民间各种节日中最有特色的娱乐活动。中国最大的传统节日春节,舞龙之风尤盛,故民间歌谣有云:「正月里来正月正,千村万寨扎龙灯。锣鼓喧天鞭炮响,五谷丰登人畜兴。」

驯犬的基本方法

机械刺激法机械剌激法是利用器具,在犬不听指令时用来控制其行为的方法。最常用的是牵引带(狗链)。在犬随行和受训时,如果不按主人的意图行事,可以拉牵引带,迫使其不能做违背主人意愿的事。

生命灵粮

信仰不只是披上彩衣,而是背起十架。信仰不仅是有难时口喊主名,而是平时舍己随主。信仰不是满足你今生的情欲,而是要在主爱里蜕变成长。如果你违背了神的意志,那么,你是在错误地运用你的意志。如果你放纵自己的情欲,那么,你是在滥用神给的自由,你终将失去自由。

感召与回应

感召在信仰中通常是指天主对人的召唤,它不断进行着、不断变化着。天主通过各种方式来呼唤他的羊群归向他、爱慕他、侍奉他,同时人们的回应也是千变万化的。 耶稣对玛窦说:“来,跟随我。”(玛9:9)于是玛窦就放下手里的帐薄跟随了耶稣。《圣经》上耶稣的门徒大都是这样回应他的召叫的。两千年后的今天,我们也是这样听到耶稣的召叫:“来,跟随我。”

历史应当如何评判吴三桂

本文从历史大文化视角出发，运用科学性评判的方法，对长期以来对吴三桂的传统认识，作了理智的而非情感的辩驳；对吴三桂的历史功罪作了重新审断，以期清理一下吴氏身上的历史蒙尘，还吴三桂以历史的本来面目。

The critical realism of the novels of Haruki Murakami

Haruki Murakami is a serious belles-lettres writer with a title of petty bourgeois. With calm perspective, his writing points to the profound problems of human society, and also criticizes and analyses the history of World War II which is a closely guarded secret to most Japanese. The important topics of his literature are generally about the exposure of human nature under special time background, various deep problems accompanying with modern civilization, and the wounds brought to human by wars.

Resolving Insolubilia： Internal Inconsistency and the Reform of Naive Set Comprehension

This paper seeks to identify the minimal restrictions that need to be placed on the naive comprehension principle to avoid inconsistency in set theory. Analysis of the logical antinomies shows that at the root of inconsistency in naive set theory are certain ＂self contradictory＂ predicate functions in extensional set descriptions containing the matrix ＂-（x∈y）＂ （or ＂-（x∈x）＂） rather than ＂size,＂ vicious circularity, or self-reference. A reformed set comprehension system is proposed that excludes extensional set descriptions that conform to the formula, （Vx） （Зy） （x∈y →P （x）） （3u） （u∈y→（u∈y））, from comprehension and otherwise preserves the ontology of na＇fve set theory. This reform avoids the paradoxes by scrutiny of a set＇s description without recourse to type or other constructivist limitations on self-membership and has the most liberal rules for set formation conceivable including self-membership. The intuitive appeal for such an approach is compelling because as a revision of na＇fve set theory, it allows all possible set descriptions that do not lead to inconsistency.

Communalism as a Theory of Justice and the Human Person in African Culture

Discussions about justice in cross-cultural context give rise to assorted theories. In this paper, issues surrounding communalism as a theory of justice in African culture will be examined with a view to show that its principles of care and fellow feeling could be worked out to address the problem of alienation from society characterizing some members of the contemporary African society. Recognition of the social dynamics of human society and relationships is of essence to communalism. As a theory of justice and a world view, communalism describes the human being as ＂being with others＂ and what that should be. The expression, ＂I am because we are, and because we are, I am＂ is the driving force of the communalistic society. Such a society is characterized by care, love, belongingness, solidarity, and interconnectedness. The aim of this paper is to highlight the manifestations of the idea of justice in communalism using leadership or governance, consensus in decision making, moral rules, punishment for wrong doing, and the equitable distribution of resources. It also aims to show that the communalist idea of justice is integrationist in outlook being constitutive of political and socio-economic elements, which the individual enjoys in practical terms as opposed to the paper rights, which citizens in much of the contemporary societies enjoy. The paper notes that drastic changes have occurred in the socio-economic relations within African societies as a consequence of acculturation subsequent to European colonization and these have had far reaching consequences.

Questioning to Hesitation rather than Hesitating to Question： A Pragmatic Hermeneutic Perspective on Educational Inquiry

Utilizing arguments imbedded in the pragmatist and hermeneutic traditions, the conclusion emerges that genuinely understanding opposing points of view requires a penetrating and sustained questioning process that finds relief only when the justificatory background material of the other nibbles at the certainty of one＇s own position. The implications of the edict that one ought to question to hesitation are then explored, namely, that （1） it suggests what kind of questioning is the right kind of qteestioning, （2） it suggests a redefinition of what counts as ＂respect for persons,＂ and （3） it challenges the common assumption that the efficacy of communal inquiry is self-fulfilling and self-regulating, and suggests, by contrast, that facilitators ought to be far more prepared to engage in questioning to hesitation.

Shepherding Public Discourse Practices： Homiletic Form Aligned to the Logic Operative in Racial Rhetoric and Public Theological Discourse for Secular Liberal Democracies

Given that preaching is the primary mode of public theological discourse for most Christian ministers, an intellectual virtue of verbal restraint is required when practicing public theology and it is wise to address the ways that homilies can shepherd public discourse practices. A theology of rhetoric includes the homilist＇s moral purpose. Homilies either enhance public discourse or pervert it. This essay sketches a pattern of sermon movement that respects the logic operative in public theology, given the social context of America. Homilies can help cultivate the pastoral care of public rhetoric by modeling discourse that nurtures the politics of accountability. While many call for a public ethos where divergent moral voices engage each other in highly contested arenas, a precondition to practicing effective public theology requires that one exercises discourse in a way that respects the social limits on the free exercise of religion. It is important that a public theology of rhetoric clarifies the original social agreement for acceptable religious discourse in the public arena. Homiletics, as a dimension of practical theology, can teach preachers methods of pastoral care for public discourse. The social agreement in liberal democracies to contain the combative nature of religious discourse assumes a logic that is circumscribed by commitments to （1） religious pluralism, （2） theological agnosticism, and （3） epistemological pragmatism. Here we propose that a sermon＇s form, which implicitly touches upon these commitments, can tap into the basic modes of persuasion in secular liberal societies. This respects the moral purposes previously agreed upon and expected of partisans during highly contestable times. This calls for incarnational humility on the part of the Christian public theologian and it guides her/his practice.

The Actualization of Post-colonialism in Movies

The post-colonialism is a theory proposed by the eastern colonial academist Edward W. Said. With the understanding and the definition of post-colonialism, the paper is to analyze phenomena of the movie 2012 and Avatar from several aspects. Firstly, the ＂other＂ is the first angle to be talked about. In the Westerners＇ perspective, they are the center of the world, and they dominate the world. Their rules are the accepted rules, and people of different origin or different cultures are all called ＂other＂. Secondly, it is the degeneration of eastern culture. In the complex of the degeneration of the culture, the demonization of the under-developed nations, the dominant language of English in the communication with the people around, feminization of the characters in the movies, and the updated colonialism of the colonized countries are to be mentioned.

Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism

In my paper, “Sublimated Colonialism： The Persistence of Actually Existing Settler-Colonialism,” I interrogate the remaining settler-colonialisms that refused to disappear during the epoch of decolonization. I am most concerned with those settler-colonialisms that persist at the centers of world capitalism, and examine bow this social context often produces an ideology that relegates the concrete reality of settler-colonialism to the past, pushing its existence under supposedly “modem” social relations. Since Frantz Fanon＇s analysis of settler-colonialism, and the class contradiction between colonizer and colonized, was developed in an era where settler-colonialism was partially defined by the relationship between motherland and colony, some often imagine that the era of settler-colonialism is over. Clearly settler-colonialism did not vanish along with this distinction; internal colonies are retained in North America, for example, and the state of Israel is perhaps the most recent historical of this type of colonialism since it was settled and established in the 20th century. Moreover, there is often talk of a “world-wide indigenous movement” which claims to represent a global anti-colonialist front. The point of my paper, therefore, is to examine how settler-colonialism functions and persists when the settler-colony has become synonymous with the motherland. In this social context, colonizers often imagine themselves as the native inhabitants, while those who remain colonized are pushed even further out of history than they were during the previous era of settler-colonialism.

Beyond Logic of Discovery and Paradigmatic Consensus： A Reanalysis of the Popper-Kuhn Debate in the Philosophy of Science

There is no patina of doubt that the central philosophical theories of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn concerning the nature, substance and method for acquiring scientific knowledge constitute milestones in 20th century philosophy of science. Just as Popper＇s fundamental work on the subject, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, marked a decisive break with inductivist epistemologies, Kuhn＇s magnum opus, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （1962, enlarged ed. 1970）, inaugurated the coming of age of the historical turn in the philosophy of science. Some scholars seem to consider the main doctrines of both philosophers as irreconcilables or contradictories. This explains why, for example Popper and Popperians such as Imre Lakatos and John Watkins describe themselves as ＂critical rationalists＂, whereas they refer to Kuhn as an ＂irrationalist＂ or ＂relativist＂-appellations that the latter has consistently rejected. The debate between Popper and Kuhn, especially as contained in an important work, Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge （1970）, highlights some of the knotty problems connected with philosophical appraisals of science. It also demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of logistic approaches in the philosophy of science, on the one hand, and of historically informed socio-psychological analysis of science, on the other. In this paper, we reexamine the Popper-Kuhn controversy from an experimentalist perspective. In other words, we argue that the ideas of testing and normal science can be systematically accommodated by fine-structure dissection of empirical research through which scientists learn about the world, based on the assumption that the progress of science is the growth of experimental knowledge-a fact often neglected in theory-dominated philosophies of science. Taking discovery of the cosmic background radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson as example, the paper argues that important scientific discoveries have been accomplished even in the absence of theory in any obvious sense, a situation that conflicts with the theory-dominated models of Popper and Kuhn. Thus, it offers an account of how practicing scientists learn from research to control errors and avoid blind alleys. The paper affirms, in conclusion, that going beyond the theories of Popper and Kuhn requires that philosophers of science should take what scientists learn from experiments seriously when theorising about science, by taking into account normal testing or error detection and control strategies through which scientific knowledge is acquired and extended