基于正交背传算法的电力系统静态安全性分析

本文将神经网络中的正交背传算法应用于电力系统静态安全性分析，提出了一种神经网络型并行计算方法．仿真研究算例表明这种方法具有较好的收敛特性．

论排球二传技术

二传的任务主要是对一传(或拱起,防起的球)进行调整,然后组织各种进攻战术。因这种技术动作基本上是第二次触球时运用的(二次球进攻例外)故名叫二传。二传的水平对全队水平的发挥有极大的影响。现代排球进攻战术日趋快速多变,网上争夺愈来愈激烈,这对二传队员的动作技巧、战术意识、战术意图和组织进攻的才能提出了更高的要求。

用神经网络研究大规模集成电路中的电迁移模型(英文)

本文用ADALine模型来解Black方程并用背传模型预测了中值失效时间 .其它没有包括在Black方程中的参数例如线的宽度也都用在了背传模型中 .本文给出的结果显示人工神经网络是研究金属合金中电迁移特性的非常强有力的手段之一 .

Research on Background and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Maize

[Objective] The research aimed at introducing the background and utilization of germplasm resources in maize.[Method] The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources was comprehensively reviewed in this paper,including maize heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,their flexible application in breeding and the utilization of various types of original materials.[Result] The results show that germplasm resource is the premise and basis for maize breeding.In-depth understanding and a reasonable selection of germplasm resources can significantly improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process.At the same time,it is considered that the selection and construction of original materials in maize breeding can not be limited to the heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,but has to be used reasonablely according to different types of germplasm resources and individual breeding objective and idea as well.[Conclusion] This study had broadened the idea and provided inspiration for the maize breeding practice in China.

Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Variation and Genetic Background of Brahman Cattle

The complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 10 stud Brahman cattle were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Brahman cattle was rich ; the rate of nucleotide variation, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 6.25%, 0.978± 0.054 and 0.014 30± 0.008 68, respectively. Nine haplotypes were defined and fell into two distinct lineages, suggesting that Brahman cattle have both Bos indicus （Zebu） and B. taurus genetic background. The taurine haplotypes were predominant at 90% and only Brah-6 belonged to the Asian zebu mthaplotype. This indicates that Brahman cattle was one of the zebu breeds and inherited the excellent characteristics of both the Asian zebu and European beef cattle, such as easy calf delivery, high quality beef, heat tolerance and resistance to various parasites. Breeders introduced Brahman cattle to improve the productivity and adaptability of native cattle. The Zebu has evidently frequently introgressed into the modem taurine breeds. As for modem zebu breeds, B. taurus also highly contributed to their formation, except for the Asian zebu. Furthermore our results also confirm the hypothesis that B. indicus has undergone a separate domestication event and originated from the Indian subcontinent.

Biological Characteristics and Rumen Microorganisms of Gayal(Bos frontalis)in Yunnan Province

[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Marsh Grassbird (Locustella pryeri sinensis) in China

We used sequences of mitochondrial control region （807bp） in 75 samples from three breeding colonies and one wintering population to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Marsh Grassbird （Locustella pryeri sinensis） in different regions of China. Marsh Grassbird retained a moderate amount of haplotype （0.759 ± 0.056） and nucleotide diversity （0.002）. The results of FST among 3 phy-logeographic units and ФST between breeding and wintering sites revealed little evidence of genetic distinction between different colonies. Neither UPGMA tree structure analysis nor Network picture analysis showed obvious divergence between populations at different locations. Analysis of molecular variance also showed a lack of regional subdivision within Locustella pryeri sinesis, 98.5% of source of variation within populations and only 1.5% among populations. The neutrality test showed negative Fu’s FS value, which, in combination with detection of the mismatch distribution, suggested that population expansion occurred in the evolu-tionary history of this species. This hypothesis was further supported by Tajima’s D test and Fu’s test （D = -1.80, p = 0.02; Fs = -22.11, p = 0.001）, this expansion was estimated to occur about 28,700 years ago.

Enteropathic spondyloarthropathy:A common genetic background with inflammatory bowel disease?

The association between spondyloarthropathy and in flammatory bowel disease(IBD) is largely established, although prevalence is variable because of different population selection and diagnostic methodologies.Most studies indicate that as many as 10%15% of cases of IBD are complicated by ankylosing spondylitis(AS) or other forms of spondylarthritis(SpA).Of note, ileal inflammation resembling IBD has been reported in up to two thirds of cases of SpA, and it has been suggested that the presence of ileitis is associated with the chronic ity of articular complications.Although this observation is of interest to unravel the pathophysiology of the disease, systematic screening of patients with SpA by ileocolonos copy is not indicated in the absence of gut symptoms, as only a small proportion of patients with subclinical gut inflammation will develop overt IBD over time.The existence of familial clustering of both IBD and AS, the coexistence of both conditions in a patient, the evidence of an increased risk ratio among f irstand seconddegree relatives of affected AS or IBD patients and f inally, the increased crossrisk ratios between AS and IBD, strongly suggest a shared genetic background.So far, however, IL23R is the only identified susceptibility gene shared by both IBD and AS.Although functional studies are still needed to better understand its pathogenic role, great ef fort is being spent therapeutically targeting this pathway that may prove effective for both disorders.

A Comparison of the Biological Characteristics of EV71 C4 Subtypes from Different Epidemic Strains

The comparative analysis of the biological characterization and the genetic background study of EV71 circulating strains is commonly recognized as basic work necessary for development of an effective EV71 vaccine. In this study, we sequenced five EV71 circulating strains, isolated from Fuyang, Hefei, Kunming and Shenzhen city of China and named them FY-23, FY-22, H44, K9 and S1 respectively. The sequence alignment demonstrated their genotypes be C4. The genetic distance of the VP1 gene from these isolates suggested that they were highly co-related with genetic identity similar to other previously reported EV71 strains in China. Additionally, these strains were identified to display some obvious proliferation dynamics and plaque morphology when propagated in Vero cells. However, a distinctive difference in pathogenic ability in neonatal mice was found. Some differences in cross neutralization test & immunogenic analysis were also found. All these results are related to the biological characterization of circulating EV71 strains in China and aid in the development of an EV71 vaccine in the future.

A rare case of periampullary carcinoma with ectopic ending of Vater's ampulla

A 71-year-old woman was referred to our department complaining of painless progressive jaundice for the last 3 too. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP） showed the ectopic hepatopancreatic ampulla draining into the fourth part of the duodenum adjacent to the duodenojejunal flexure; the irregular morphology of the duodenojejunal flexure likely due to a soft tissue mass. Laparotomy confirmed the presence of the abnormal ampulla of Vater located at the fourth part of the duodenum and a soft tissue tumor about 6 cm × 5 cm×5 cm with a peduncle adjoining the ampulla. Resection of the tumor, including some peripheral tissue, and a Roux-Y loop anastomosis choledochojejunostomy were performed. Pathological examination indicated an intestinal villous adenoma accompanied by severe dysplasia and focal canceration. Periampullary carcinoma with ectopic ending of the Vater＇s ampulla into the fourth part of the duodenum is rather rare. The embryonic genetic background of this anomaly has not yet been fully explained. It is worth mentioning that MRCP is useful for demonstrating anomalies and anatomic variants of the biliary tract system and pancreatic duct.

Anti-tumor immunity,autophagy and chemotherapy

Autophagy or self-digestion of cells is activated upon various stressful stimuli and has been found to be a survival and drug resistance pathway in cancer.However,genetic studies support that autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor.Furthermore,defective autophagy is implicated in tumorigenesis,as well.The precise impact of autophagy on malignant transformation has not yet been clarified,but recent data suggest that this complex process is mainly directed by cell types,phases,genetic background and microenvironment.Relation of autophagy to anticancer immune responses may indicate a novel aspect in cancer chemotherapy.

Microsatellites underestimate genetic divergence in the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus)

Although a growing number of both sequence-based and microsatellite nuclear loci have been used to infer genetic structures, their relative efficiencies remain poorly understood. In our study, we used the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus) to explore the resolving ability of these two types of markers. The south-western and central mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogroups were divergent to some extent in sequence-based nuclear data, while mixed together in microsatellites data. The F ST values among clades were about four times lower in microsatellite loci than those in sequence-based nuclear loci. We are of the opinion that size homoplasy may have contributed to the inability of microsatellites to uncover differentiation. Our results suggest that sequence-based nuclear loci outperformed microsatellite loci in detecting population structures, especially those focused on populations with large effective population sizes. There was no significant correlation between F ST values and allelic size variability, which suggested that the efficiency of microsatellite loci in detecting genetic structure may be independent of their polymorphism. F ST is better than R ST in detecting intraspecific divergence due to the high variance of R ST . In agreement with sequence-based nuclear loci, microsatellite loci did resolve the genetic distinctness of the Taiwan Residents phylogroup. The genetic differentiation between the Taiwan Residents and continental clades may involve allopatric divergence without gene flow.

Trickster or Colonizer： The Latent Effects of Colonialism in Efua Sutherland＇s Play The Marriage of Anansewa

The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.

Variation on Wild Sunflower （Helianthus ruderalis L.） for Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters

Our expedition have identified location in the central part of Kosovo where were collected a samples （accessions） at coordinates; Sub-Locality SL-1 （N42°34′36″, E21°07′45″）, altitude 574 m, SL-2 （N42°34′29″, E 21°07′45″altitude 591 m and SL-3 （N42°34′30″, E21°07′46″） on altitude 565 m. The aim of present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability of quantitative and qualitative parameters. The populations from SL-2 were characterized of higher significance on seed oil （23.74%） and protein content （16.74%）. The estimation average value of seed protein and oil content was 15.52% and 23.48% respectively. The variability of plant height ranged from 182.33 cm to as much as 200.89 cm, while distinction＇s between them were ＋ 18.56 cm which was a significant higher at P〈0.05 probability level. The SL-3 showed the higher value of HWK （34.6 g）, head per plant （39.33） and head diameter （9.5 cm） but, was characterized significantly lowest on seed protein content （13.99%）. The all traits included in our investigations showed a higher genetic variability with majority of extreme values. The sunflower populations differed significantly in several parameters measured, they have a different genetic and morphological backgrounds. Results from wild sunflower form indicated notable differences in dispersion of important genes for different traits and showed the potential for using in future for breeding program.

Effects of 6-Month Weight Loss New Program on Anthropometric Measurements and Biological Profile

Obesity has become a leading global health problem owing to its strong association with a high incidence of diseases. Obesity is results from the complex interaction of environmental factors that act on a genetic background and led to excess accumulated of body fat. Treatment of obesity includes determination of the degree of obesity, management weight loss programme and maintenance of body weight. To investigate effect 6 months safe weight loss program on anthropometric measurements and biological and metabolic profiles in obese patients. 35 obese patients were enrolled in the present study： 20 female, 15 male. Participants underwent a comprehensive series of biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, and nutritional prior to treatment- at baseline and after the six-month of the obesity treatment program. 6 months weight loss program. Diet plan intervention in small groups. In-person training and individual diet plan intervention. There is significant reduction in weight and high improvement in laboratory parameters. Our data showed that there an improvement in weight loss. These finding may be important for controlling obesity-related co-morbidities. It would appear that moderate weight loss of 8-10 % observed in our study resulted in significant improvements in laboratory parameters

Improvement Methods for Genetic Evaluation of Hanwoo Cows

A total of 1,101 heads were used to improve the selection of superior cows in Gangwon regional Hanwoo. Characteristics of each cow were analyzed using ultrasound evaluation and trace of reproductive potential. A comparison of live carcass traits classified by parity was analyzed in all characteristics. The results of the comparison showed all characteristic increased rapidly after the 2nd parity, and decreased after the 4th parity （P 〈 0.01）. The result of comparison classified by the group showed a tendency, whereas Back Fat Thickness Ultrasound （BFTU） and P8 Fat Thickness Ultrasound （P8-FTU） were significant （P 〈 0.01） thinnest in Pedigree group and using a lot of reproduction in advanced group. Also, we made comparisons of the cow＇s calves on the carcass traits among the group. High quality calves of the pedigree group showed 30.77%. These are the highest carcass traits in meat quality grade above 1＋ and yield grade above A. Frequency of fertilization failure per rump fat thickness showed a significantly （P 〈 0.0｜） higher difference. The average frequency of fertilization failure demonstrated 1.11 times of experimental Hanwoo cows. In the analysis, frequency of fertilization failure appeared 0.9 times at rump fat thickness below 5 mm. However, it is higher than average above 5 mm. The result of the study will be used to improve cows, select optimum semen, as well as contribute to the improvement of farms income.

10Gb/s transmit equalizer using duobinary signaling over FR4 backplane

A 10Gb/s 6-tap transmit equalizer based on partial response signaling for high speed backplane transmission is presented. By combining features of equalizer and frequency-dependent channel,duobinary signaling can be generated at the output of FR4 backplane,aiming at increasing data rate while reducing design complexity. Based on 0.18μm CMOS technology,this equalizer has been designed and fabricated,in which both variable capacitor and load resistor calibration techniques are explored to eliminate the effect of process variations. The chip occupies 0.68×0.8mm^2 including I/O pads and consumes a power of 194 mW with 1.8V power supply. Measurement results show that a typical 3-level eye diagram can be obtained at the receiver and the equalizer can work properly at the data rate of 10Gb/s.

Effective Action for Noncommutative U(1) Gauge Theory with Higher Dimensional Terms

In this paper we apply the assumption of our recent work in noncommutative scalar models to the noncommutative U（1） gauge theories. This assumption is that the noneommutative effects start to be visible continuously from a scale ANC and that below this scale the theory is a commutative one. Based on this assumption and using background field method and loop calculations, an effective action is derived for noncommutative U（1） gauge theory. It will be shown that the corresponding low energy effective theory is asymptotically free and that under this condition the noncommutative quadratic IR divergences will not appear. The effective theory contains higher dimensional terms, which become more important at high energies. These terms predict an elastic photon-photon scattering due to the noncommutativity of space. The coefficients of these higher dimensional terms also satisfy a positivity constraint indicating that in this theory the related diseases of superluminal signal propagating and bad analytic properties of S-matrix do not exist. In the last section, we will apply our method to the noncommutative extra dimension theories.

The Tradition of the Joint Voice Singing in the Context of the Orient Culture （As an example of Margilan Singing School）

The article deals with musical heritage of some Orient cultures, joint singing as one of the main part of music art from ancient time to nowadays. The measure reflecting live process of national musical art is a performing practice. Makom is the most example of Uzbek classical musical heritage. The art of singing plays considerable role in culture of Uzbek national music. On the basis of classical singing the following singing directions as ＂Folk singing＂ （yallachilik）, ＂Classical singing＂ （mumtoz yallachilik）, ＂Grand Song＂ （katta ashulachilik） and ＂Art of Makom＂ singing forms were formulated and developed. Greatest representatives of Margilan School of singing.

The Role of Memory and Tradition in the Construction of Identity in the Nineteenth-Century Bahamas

Tradition has been defined as practices brought forward from the past into the present. In the context of enslavement and the cultural dislocation that accompanied it, memory became critical in the recreation of tradition. Individual memory contributed to the practices that created new traditions to be carried forward by subsequent generations. Archaeological evidence from Clifton Plantation, Bahamas, illustrates how memory and tradition shaped the identities of both enslaver and enslaved, and influenced the construction of an African Bahamian identity in the early nineteenth-century. In their consumer selections, the enslaved people of Clifton were constructing artifact assemblages that reflected their memories of their traditional cultural background. In the process they were creating an Afro-Bahamian aesthetic that would become a tradition for future generations of Bahamians. While the goods were not of their own manufacture, the choices were theirs from the selection available to them. At the same time, those of British heritage were signaling their British identity through their consumer choices. However, Clifton was unusual in being owned by a reformer who sought to ameliorate the conditions of slavery. The paper also briefly discusses whether these concepts are useful in understanding the material culture of enslaved Africans at other sites.