中脑中央灰质(midbrain Central Gray,mCG)又称为大脑导水管周围灰质,是种系发生上比较古老的结构。它与Tsai氏腹侧被盖区、脚间核、Gudden氏被盖核及Bechterew氏被盖上中央核一起构成Nauta“边缘中脑区”(1)。长期以来,该结构一直为人...中脑中央灰质(midbrain Central Gray,mCG)又称为大脑导水管周围灰质,是种系发生上比较古老的结构。它与Tsai氏腹侧被盖区、脚间核、Gudden氏被盖核及Bechterew氏被盖上中央核一起构成Nauta“边缘中脑区”(1)。长期以来,该结构一直为人们所重视。特别是60年代末发现其可能参与动物镇痛作用以来,尤为人们所注目,对其进行了大量研究。有关其结构的文献十分浩繁,现就其研究进展简要综述如下:展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the...Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental （LDT） nucleus of the brainstem in acupuncture-induced electroencephalogram （EEG） changes. Methods A total of 109 SD rats were used in the present study. Under anesthesia （urethane）, a pair of stainless steel electrodes was separately implanted into the frontal and parietal bony sutures to record EEG. Glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular discharges of single neuron of the LDT nucleus in the brainstem. Urinary bladder pressure was recorded through a catheter inserted in the bladder and the contraction was induced by infusion of normal saline. A filiform acupuncture needle was inserted into the sacral segment Ecorresponding to Zhongliao （中髎BL 33）] and rotated manually for 1 min. Results In 27 rats whose bladder was full of normal saline, acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region suppressed the contraction activity of the bladder, the fast EEG with lower amplitude and higher frequency tuned into slow EEG with higher amplitude and lower frequency in 6 cases （22.2%）. The inhibitory effect occurred from 45 s to 12 min after acupuncture manipulation. In 82 rats whose bladder was empty, acupuncture stimulation caused the fast EEG to turn into slow EEG in 71 cases （86.6%）. Simultaneously, LDT cholinergic neurons reduced their firing rates from （2.9±1.5） Hz to （1.2±0.6） Hz （n = 12, P〈0.05）, and the reduction of LDT neuronal discharge was earlier in time than the change of EEG. Conclusion Acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region can lower the excitability of the cerebral cortex and suppress bladder activity, which is closely associated with its resultant inhibitory effect on the electrical activity of LDT cholinergic neurons.展开更多
文摘中脑中央灰质(midbrain Central Gray,mCG)又称为大脑导水管周围灰质,是种系发生上比较古老的结构。它与Tsai氏腹侧被盖区、脚间核、Gudden氏被盖核及Bechterew氏被盖上中央核一起构成Nauta“边缘中脑区”(1)。长期以来,该结构一直为人们所重视。特别是60年代末发现其可能参与动物镇痛作用以来,尤为人们所注目,对其进行了大量研究。有关其结构的文献十分浩繁,现就其研究进展简要综述如下:
文摘Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture stimulation of the sacral segment on the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the activity of the urinary bladder and the involvement of the cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental （LDT） nucleus of the brainstem in acupuncture-induced electroencephalogram （EEG） changes. Methods A total of 109 SD rats were used in the present study. Under anesthesia （urethane）, a pair of stainless steel electrodes was separately implanted into the frontal and parietal bony sutures to record EEG. Glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular discharges of single neuron of the LDT nucleus in the brainstem. Urinary bladder pressure was recorded through a catheter inserted in the bladder and the contraction was induced by infusion of normal saline. A filiform acupuncture needle was inserted into the sacral segment Ecorresponding to Zhongliao （中髎BL 33）] and rotated manually for 1 min. Results In 27 rats whose bladder was full of normal saline, acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region suppressed the contraction activity of the bladder, the fast EEG with lower amplitude and higher frequency tuned into slow EEG with higher amplitude and lower frequency in 6 cases （22.2%）. The inhibitory effect occurred from 45 s to 12 min after acupuncture manipulation. In 82 rats whose bladder was empty, acupuncture stimulation caused the fast EEG to turn into slow EEG in 71 cases （86.6%）. Simultaneously, LDT cholinergic neurons reduced their firing rates from （2.9±1.5） Hz to （1.2±0.6） Hz （n = 12, P〈0.05）, and the reduction of LDT neuronal discharge was earlier in time than the change of EEG. Conclusion Acupuncture stimulation of the sacral region can lower the excitability of the cerebral cortex and suppress bladder activity, which is closely associated with its resultant inhibitory effect on the electrical activity of LDT cholinergic neurons.
