超声探讨胎儿颈项部软组织厚度与先天性心脏疾病的关系

目的评估在中孕早期对胎儿颈项部软组织厚度（nuchal fold，NF）的测量对检出胎儿早期先天性心脏病的临床诊断价值。方法2008年1月～2009年1月，在孕14～23周对胎儿颈项部软组织NF厚度进行测量，同时在20-26周对胎儿进行系统详细超声检查及胎儿超声心动图检查，对相关胎儿进行染色体检查。结果超声共对11,421例胎儿检查，对其中1,334例胎儿进行NF测量，共检出NF增厚胎儿69例，检出患心脏主要畸形的胎儿94例，其中533例进行染色体检查，485例染色体正常，这其中查出心脏畸形28例（5．7％）。染色体异常组中有18例接受胎儿心超检查．查出心脏畸形6例（33．3％）。在染色体正常的胎儿中，心脏畸形检出率从4．8％（NF〈6mm）上升到22．2％（NF≥6mm）。结论超声探察胎儿NF对胎儿心脏疾病的检出具有较好的早期提示作用，并可指导临床预测胎儿的预后。

超声检查先天性心脏疾病及染色体异常

目的:探讨超声检查在诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的应用价值及染色体异常胎儿心脏畸形检出情况。方法:对10 326例孕妇行中孕期超声检查,观察胎儿先天性心脏病检出率,对其中624例有指针的孕妇行染色体检查,比较染色体正常与异常胎儿心脏畸形检出率。结果:10 326例孕妇超声检查检出心脏畸形胎儿43例(0.42%);624例行染色体检查,检出染色体异常17例(2.7%),其中心脏畸形6例(35.3%),染色体正常607例中有心脏畸形11例(1.8%),染色体异常胎儿的心脏畸形检出率高于染色体正常胎儿。结论:超声检查能客观的评价胎儿先天性心脏疾病,染色体异常胎儿的心脏畸形检出率高于染色体正常胎儿。

Right heart modified myocardial performance index and ductus venosus spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective To observe the values of changes of right heart modified myocardial performance index(Mod-MPI)and ductus venosus(DV)spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods Eighty-one pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were prospectively enrolled and divided into severe pre-eclampsia(SPE)group(n=39)and mild pre-eclampsia(MPE)group(n=42),while 85 healthy pregnant women were taken as controls(control group).Fetal right heart function parameters,including right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT),isovolumetric contraction time(ICT),ejection time(ET),total spent time(TST),Mod-MPI,tricuspid valve peak flow velocity ratio in early and late diastole(TV-E/A),as well as blood flow velocities in each waveform of DV spectrum(S,V,D,and A wave)were obtained,and the pulsatility index(PI)and the ratio of blood flow velocities in each waveform of the DV(S/V,S/D,S/A,V/D,V/A,D/A)were calculated.Intrauterine fetal distress,preterm delivery,neonatal asphyxia and newborn with low weight were considered as adverse pregnancy outcomes.The correlations of right heart Mod-MPI and TV-E/A with DV parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses were assessed,and their predictive efficacies for adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for right heart Mod-MPI and DV using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and the area under the curves(AUC).Results Compared with control group and MPE group,fetal right heart IRT,ICT and Mod-MPI increased and ET decreased in SPE group(all P<0.05).No significant differences of right heart TST and TV-E/A among 3 groups(both P>0.05).Fetal DV A-wave velocity and V/D values progressively decreased but PI progressively increased in control,MPE and SPE groups(all P<0.05).Fetal right heart Mod-MPI in pre-eclampsia was moderately positively correlated with DV PI(r=0.637,P=0.016),while TV-E/A was weakly negatively correlated with DV V/D(r=-0.355,P=0.043).Adverse pregnancy outcomes were noticed in 59 pre-eclampsia cases.The AUC of fetal right heart Mod-MPI and DV PI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia cases was 0.897 and 0.848,respectively,without significant difference(Z=0.460,P=0.400).Conclusion Changes of right heart Mod-MPI and DV spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses had high value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital fetal heart abnormalities and clinical analysis

Objective: To study the value of detecting fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) using the five transverse planes technique of fetal echocardiography. Methods: Nine hundred and eighty-two high-risk pregnancies for fetal CHD were included in this study, the fetal heart was scanned with the five transverse planes technique of fetal echocardiography described by Yagel, autopsy was conducted when pregnancy was terminated. Blood from fetal heart was collected for fetal chromosome analysis. A close follow-up was given for normal fetal heart pregnancies and neonatal echocardiography was performed to check the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis. Results: (1) Forty-six cases (4.68%) were found to have fetal heart abnormalities in this study, 69.56% of them were diagnosed by single four-chamber view, another 30.43% fetal CHD were found by combining other views; (2) Forty-one parents of prenatal fetuses with CHD chose to terminate pregnancy, thirty-two of them gave consent to conduct autopsy, 93.75% of which yielded unanimous conclusion between prenatal fetal echocardiography and autopsy; (3) Thirty-two of 46 cases underwent fetal chromosome analysis, 8 cases (25%) were found to have abnormal chromosome; (4) Five cases were found to have right ventricle and atrium a little bigger than those on the left side, with the unequal condition being the same after birth, but there were no clinical manifestations and they are healthy for the time being; (5) Nine hundred and thirty-six cases were not found with abnormality in this study, but one case was diagnosed with ventricular septal defect after birth, one case was diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus, one case had atrial septal defect after birth. Conclusions: (1) The detected CHD rate was 4.68% by screening fetal heart with five transverse planes according to Yagel’s description of high risk population basis for CHD. The coinciding rate of prenatal diagnosis and autopsy was 93.75%; (2) The sensitivity of detecting fetal heart abnormality is 92%, the specificity is 99.6% using the five transverse planes technique of fetal echocardiography; (3) Fetuses with mild or moderate disproportion of right and left side in the heart are potentially healthy babies.