朝鲜时代的宫中胎室文化研究

胎室文化是朝鲜半岛历史上所特有的一种诞生文化,在近邻的其他东亚国家中并没有出现过类似的现象。特别是朝鲜时代的宫中胎室文化,更是带动朝鲜王室发展出一整套针对生育和培养王室后代的相关教育和仪式活动。朝鲜时代的宫中胎室文化主要包括两个环节:保存胎盘的"藏胎仪式"以及君王即位后的"加封仪式"。胎室文化在朝鲜时代的仪轨是我们今天考察和理解宫中胎室文化的基本文献。与墓葬文化一样,胎室文化不但制造出一套独特的具有内在逻辑的视觉艺术形式体系和形象思维方式,同时也钩连起一套完整的政治理念和道德观念。本文试图通过对朝鲜时代宫中胎室文化的基本环节和规制进行考察,对其在王权的传递和传承过程中所发挥的作用,及其自身发展过程中所体现出来的政治理念和道德观念的演变加以分析和讨论。

天宫中的“胎室”:印度教神庙空间序列之解读

在印度教神庙之中,最神圣隐秘的场所便是胎室。胎室具有独一性、抽象性和固定的形制,位于最高的塔身之下,为神庙生命内核,无论是庙宇的神学意涵还是营建过程,均以它为核心构建空间序列。胎室中央的神像实为庙宇纵向和横向空间的坐标轴,亦是参拜过程的终点。参拜者沿着主入口至胎室这条轴线,从由繁至简、纷乱至宁静,通畅至幽闭的空间体验中,窥见解脱之道,与神灵相见。本文经由宗教意涵和空间序列两方面的剖析,对印度教神庙剥茧抽丝,解读其空间布置的内在逻辑。

Right heart modified myocardial performance index and ductus venosus spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective To observe the values of changes of right heart modified myocardial performance index(Mod-MPI)and ductus venosus(DV)spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods Eighty-one pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were prospectively enrolled and divided into severe pre-eclampsia(SPE)group(n=39)and mild pre-eclampsia(MPE)group(n=42),while 85 healthy pregnant women were taken as controls(control group).Fetal right heart function parameters,including right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT),isovolumetric contraction time(ICT),ejection time(ET),total spent time(TST),Mod-MPI,tricuspid valve peak flow velocity ratio in early and late diastole(TV-E/A),as well as blood flow velocities in each waveform of DV spectrum(S,V,D,and A wave)were obtained,and the pulsatility index(PI)and the ratio of blood flow velocities in each waveform of the DV(S/V,S/D,S/A,V/D,V/A,D/A)were calculated.Intrauterine fetal distress,preterm delivery,neonatal asphyxia and newborn with low weight were considered as adverse pregnancy outcomes.The correlations of right heart Mod-MPI and TV-E/A with DV parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses were assessed,and their predictive efficacies for adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for right heart Mod-MPI and DV using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and the area under the curves(AUC).Results Compared with control group and MPE group,fetal right heart IRT,ICT and Mod-MPI increased and ET decreased in SPE group(all P<0.05).No significant differences of right heart TST and TV-E/A among 3 groups(both P>0.05).Fetal DV A-wave velocity and V/D values progressively decreased but PI progressively increased in control,MPE and SPE groups(all P<0.05).Fetal right heart Mod-MPI in pre-eclampsia was moderately positively correlated with DV PI(r=0.637,P=0.016),while TV-E/A was weakly negatively correlated with DV V/D(r=-0.355,P=0.043).Adverse pregnancy outcomes were noticed in 59 pre-eclampsia cases.The AUC of fetal right heart Mod-MPI and DV PI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia cases was 0.897 and 0.848,respectively,without significant difference(Z=0.460,P=0.400).Conclusion Changes of right heart Mod-MPI and DV spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses had high value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Characterization of Embryonic Stages through Variations in the Egg＇s Contents in Spodoptera fitura

This paper describes the embryonic development of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura （Fabricius） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） which is divided into eight embryonic stages, through variations in the egg＇s contents. Experiments were conducted on the eggs ofS. litura under laboratory conditions. The highest concentration of the protein （min.-max.： 32-! 40 lag/egg） and the lowest of the carbohydrate （min.-max.： 3.0-44.0 lag/egg） were obtained; similarly, the DNA content was smaller （min.-max.： 1.0-38.2 lag/egg） than the RNA （min.-max.： 9.2-360.0 lag/egg） throughout the embryogenesis. Three peaks of ecdysteroid titre were observed which were responsible for appearance of particular events during embryogenesis. The last highest peak of 400_＋33.4 lag/egg was appeared at 84 h after oviposition when larva was ready to hatch. Therefore, it is concluded that eight embryonic stages in S. litura were characterized by fluctuation in the egg＇s contents, which were responsible for gradual-progressive embryonic development. The egg-larval development did not show a normal distribution of embryonic developmental-time.

Tire Manufacturer Fighting Climate Changes

This paper presents methods and strategy promoted by an operator of tire rubber manufacturer in order to reduce CO2 emissions. This paper presents calculation methods of GHG emissions and data on production activities, as well as fuel consumption, energy, etc. This example shows that environmental investments are effective primarily in the environmental aspect, but they can become profitable （the carbon trading market of GHG allowances and by providing alternative energy in national energy system, resulting in ＂green certificates＂）.