罗伯逊易位患者植入前胚胎染色体分析

目的 对罗伯逊易位患者的植入前胚胎进行染色体分析。方法 用荧光原位杂交方法对 5例患者植入前胚胎进行染色体分析。结果 分析的 5 2个胚胎中 ,染色体正常 9个 ,异常 4 3个 ,其中嵌合体9个 ,无规律分裂 1 9个。结论 用荧光原位杂交方法可对植入前胚胎进行染色体分析。

Accuracy of a combined score of zygote and embryo morphology for selecting the best embryos for IVF

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a scoring system combining zygote and embryo morphology in predicting the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: In a study group, 117 consecutive IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with embryo transfer were carried out and 312 embryos were scored using a combined scoring system (CSS) of zygote and embryo morphology before transplantation. In a control group, a total of 420 IVF or ICSI cycles were carried out and 1176 embryos were scored using a cumulative embryo score (CES). The effects of the combined scoring system on the embryo implantation rate and pregnancy rate per cycle were analyzed. Results: Using the combined scoring system, the embryo implan-tation rate (27.6%) and the clinical pregnancy rate (48.7%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (20.8% and 38.6%, respectively). Also, the implantation rate of embryos scoring ≥70 (38.5%: 82 sacs/213 embryos) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of embryos scoring <70 (4%: 4 sacs/99 embryos). The pregnancy rate of patients with embryos scoring ≥70 using the combined scoring system (66.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of patients with embryos scoring ≥20 using the cumulative embryo score (59.0%). Conclusion: The results suggest that selecting embryos with a high score (≥70) using the combined scoring system could increase the implantation rate and pregnancy rate, and that using a scoring system combining assessments of human zygotes and pre-implantation embryos might predict IVF outcomes more accurately than using a cumula-tive embryo score.

Expression Analysis of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ During Embryonic and Early Larval Development of Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

The insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ （IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ） are important proteins involved in fish growth and develop- ment. Here, we report the isolation of IGF-Ⅱ and expression analysis of IGFs in turbot Scophthalmus maximus, aiming to clarify their function in embryonic and larval development of fish. The deduced IGF-Ⅱ gene is 808 bp in full length, which encodes a protein of 219 amino acids and is 93% similar with that ofParalichthys olicaceus in amino acid sequence. The tissue abundance and the ex- pression pattern of IGFs in a turbot at early development stages were investigated via reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction. Result showed that the IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ genes were widely expressed in tissues of S. maximus. IGF-Ⅰ was detected in all tissues ex- cept intestines with the highest level in liver, while IGF-Ⅱ transcript presented in all tissues except muscle. At the stages of embry- onic and larval development, the mRNA levels of IGFs sharply increased from the stage of unfertilized egg to post larva, followed by a decrease with larval development. However, there was an increase in IGF-Ⅰ at the embryonic stage and IGF-Ⅱ at the gastrula stage, respectively. These results suggested that IGFs play important roles in cell growth and division of the turbot. Our study provides reference data for further investigation of growth regulation in turbot, which can guarantee better understanding of the physiological role that IGFs play in fish.

Reference Gene Selection for Normalization of PCR Analysis in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Infected with H5N1 AIV

Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) are among the most commonly used cells for the study of interactions between chicken hosts and H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV).In this study,the expression of eleven housekeeping genes typically used for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) analysis in mammals were compared in CEFs infected with H5N1 AIV to determine the most reliable reference genes in this system.CEFs cultured from 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos were infected with 100 TCID50 of H5N1 AIV and harvested at 3,12,24 and 30 hours post-infection.The expression levels of the eleven reference genes in infected and uninfected CEFs were determined by real-time PCR.Based on expression stability and expression levels,our data suggest that the ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4) and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ) are the best reference genes to use in the study of host cell response to H5N1 AIV infection.However,for the study of replication levels of H5N1 AIV in CEFs,the β-actin gene (ACTB) and the ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4) gene are the best references.

染色体平衡易位影响基因组稳定性的临床研究

目的探索染色体平衡易位是否影响基因组稳定性。方法利用回顾性分析将2019年1月至2020年12月在山东大学附属生殖医院行胚胎植入前染色体结构重排检测患者分成两组,实验组为染色体平衡易位携带者来源的异常染色体,对照组为平衡易位携带者的配偶来源的异常染色体,通过单体型分析确认异常胚胎中非易位相关异常染色体的双亲来源,探索平衡易位是否会引起更多染色体异常的发生,从而明确平衡易位对于基因组稳定性的影响。结果非易位相关染色体片段异常亲本来源分析结果显示,实验组显著高于对照组,即平衡易位携带者来源的片段异常显著高于正常核型来源的片段异常,对于整条染色体异常和嵌合染色体异常,两组无显著性差异。结论在减数分裂过程中,染色体平衡易位可能是导致染色体片段异常增加的因素之一,最终影响基因组的稳定性。

许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)DAZ基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

高度保守的DAZ(Deleted in Azoospermia)家族成员包括Daz,Dazl(Daz-like)及Boule基因,它们是精子生成的重要调控因子并在生殖组织中特异性表达。本研究发现许氏平鲉的Daz基因家族包括Dazl及Boule基因,通过对其基因结构和氨基酸序列分析发现Dazl及Boule基因分别有两个剪接型,均具有一个相同的保守RNA识别域(RRM)和DAZ结构域。通过系统发育分析,发现它们分别与其它硬骨鱼类具有较高的同源性,与哺乳动物亲缘关系较远。根据转录组数据分析,Dazl和Boule在配子发生的表达模式类似,均在卵子不同发育时期高表达而胚胎各时期表达量降低甚至无表达,而在组织中仅表达于精巢和卵巢中且表现出明显的性别二态模式。本研究为探究Dazl和Boule基因在许氏平鲉中的生殖发育调控机制及在许氏平鲉两性配子发生过程中的调控作用奠定基础。

可能改变人类未来的十项发明

前不久，颇有影响的美国《新闻周刊》刊登了10项由个人最初构思的发明，并认为它们有可能改变人类的未来。

Identification and expression of amphioxus AmphiSmad1/5/8 and AmphiSmad4

Smad family proteins are identified as intracellular signal mediators of the TGF-β superfamily.In this study,we identified two novel members of the Smad family,termed as AmphiSmad1/5/8 and AmphiSmad4,from Chinese amphioxus.Both AmphiSmad1/5/8 and AmphiSmad4 showed a typical domain structure of Smad proteins consisting of conserved MH1 and MH2 domains.Phylogenetic analysis placed AmphiSmad1/5/8 in the Smad1,5 and 8 subgroup of the R-Smad subfamily,and AmphiSmad4 in the Co-Smad subfamily.The spatial and temporal gene expression patterns of AmphiSmad1/5/8 and AmphiSmad4 showed that they may be involved in the embryonic development of notochord,myotome and alimentary canal,and may help to establish the specification of dorsal-ventral axis of amphioxus.Moreover,AmphiSmad1/5/8 and AmphiSmad4 showed extensive distribution in all adult tissues examined,suggesting that these two genes may play important roles in the morphogenesis of a variety of tissues especially notochord and gonad.