淋巴管瘤自愈与胚胎发生学关系的探讨(附2例淋巴管瘤自愈报告)

目的 :探讨 2例淋巴管瘤自愈与胚胎发生学的关系。方法 :收集颈部淋巴管瘤 2 8例及腹部淋巴管瘤12例 ,观察淋巴管瘤局部解剖 ,并行长期随访及观察。结果 :除 2例颈淋巴管瘤获得自愈外 ,余 2 6例颈部及 12例腹部淋巴管瘤无自愈可能 ,均作外科手术切除。结论 :虽然有 2例淋巴管瘤淋巴液得到自行分流 ,但是其余 3 8例淋巴管瘤与周围淋巴系统及静脉系统在解剖上未发现有明显的联系。

先天性食管闭锁 先天性食管闭锁胚胎发生学进展

先天性食管闭锁伴气管食管瘘是一种消化道出生缺陷（大约1／3000），接近一半的食管闭锁患儿有其他器管系统的畸形，而心血管系统是最常涉及的。虽然食管闭锁的治疗效果及生存率有了极大的提高，但是有关其胚胎发生学的机制直到最近才有部分的揭示。

冲脉的胚胎发生学探讨

综合《黄帝内经》对冲脉的描述,对照人体胚胎的发育过程,本文发现冲脉的起源和结构与胚胎早期出现的尿囊密切相关,冲脉是以尿囊为源点的解剖结构,冲脉所属的结构包括血管结构和筋膜结构两个部分:血管结构是以脐循环为中心的循环系统的血管主干,是上半身和下半身之间血液循环的交通支;冲脉的筋膜支以脐静脉和脐动脉闭锁后遗留的解剖痕迹为主干,承载和传递人体的原始生殖细胞。人体的原始生殖细胞沿着冲脉的"循背里"分支从卵黄囊传入人体的性腺,在"浮而外"的冲脉筋膜分支上体现人体的第二性征。气街是冲脉的附属结构,气街上的股动脉搏动是冲脉的血管结构在体表的起点,气街上的腹股沟管是冲脉掌控性功能的重要结构。

Histological Study on Soybean Somatic Embryogenesis

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryogenesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency, beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation, differentiation and development of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histological study. The result showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic cells were differentiated from epidermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers, with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells, the embryogenic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure. Later, globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo. The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogenesis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.

先天性听骨链畸形100耳临床分析

目的观察分析听骨链与外耳道先天性畸变的相互关系。方法回顾性总结100耳先天性畸变的资料,分耳道骨性闭锁(Ⅰ型)、耳道狭窄(Ⅱ型)和单纯中耳畸形(Ⅲ型)三组。用锤砧镫骨畸变率和听骨胚源发生障碍率进行归纳。结果Ⅰ型患者锤砧镫骨畸变率分别为81.8%、93.9%和30.3%,Ⅱ型为75%、83.3%和75%,Ⅲ型为36.4%、83.6%和89.1%,卡方检验三组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。胚源分类Ⅰ、Ⅱ型以第一和第二鳃弓混合型发育障碍为主,Ⅲ型以第二鳃弓占多数,三组卡方检验有显著性差异(P<0.05)。100耳病例术后63耳听力提高,其中>20 dB 41耳,气骨导闭合12耳。结论以外耳道畸变程度结合听骨胚源发生学,可发现:Ⅰ型以锤砧骨畸形为主,镫骨少见,Ⅱ型锤砧镫骨畸形基本相等,Ⅲ型以砧镫骨畸形为主,锤骨少见。

脊髓低位症与隐性脊柱裂

本文通过对两侧脊髓低位症患者的临床、MRI检查的分析,对其发生学、影像学以及与隐性脊柱裂(OSB)两者之间的相互关系及临床意义进行探讨。认为脊髓低位症并不少见,对于有腰能神经根损害的患者,如合并有OSB,应考虑到脊髓低位症可能,并首选脊柱MRI检查明确诊断。

An extra embryonic phase in the true freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott,1967(Decapoda,Potamidae)

The true freshwater crabs(Crustacea,Decapoda,Brachyura) are highly adapted to life in freshwater and complete their life cycle entirely independently of sea water.All true freshwater crabs exhibit direct development and lack the free-living larval forms(zoea and megalopa) typical of most other brachyurans.After a prolonged embryonic period(during which they pass through the typical brachyuran larval forms embryologically) the eggs of true freshwater crabs hatch to produce juvenile(hatchling) crabs.We provide here the first report and description of the continuous record of embryonic development from egg-laying up to hatching in the Chinese true freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott,1967(Potamoidea,Potamidae).Direct development(complete secondary embryonization) in S.yangtsekiense was observed to take 77 days and to include an additional embryonic phase(termed here the egg-juvenile-crab) that occurs in the embryo between the imprisoned megalopa and the newly-emerged juvenile(hatchling) crab.This is significant because the only other freshwater crab whose embryonic development has been studied in detail is Potamon fluviatilis(Potamidae) which takes 45-47 days and involves only nine embryonic stages.

Significant variations in alternative splicing patterns and expression profiles between human-mouse orthologs in early embryos

Human and mouse orthologs are expected to have similar biological functions; however, many discrepancies have also been reported. We systematically compared human and mouse orthologs in terms of alternative splicing patterns and expression profiles. Human-mouse orthologs are divergent in alternative splicing, as human orthologs could generally encode more isoforms than their mouse orthologs. In early embryos, exon skipping is far more common with human orthologs, whereas constitutive exons are more prevalent with mouse orthologs. This may correlate with divergence in expression of splicing regulators. Orthologous expression similarities are different in distinct embryonic stages, with the highest in morula. Expression differences for orthologous transcription factor genes could play an important role in orthologous expression discordance. We further detected largely orthologous divergence in differential expression between distinct embryonic stages. Collectively, our study uncovers significant orthologous divergence from multiple aspects, which may result in functional differences and dynamics between human-mouse orthologs during embryonic development.

Germ layer formation during Xenopus embryogenesis: the balance between pluripotency and differentiation

The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has long been a model animal for the studies in the fields of animal cloning, developmental biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology. With the aid of Xenopus, major molecular mechanisms that are involved in embryonic development have been understood. Germ layer formation is the first event of embryonic cellular differentiation, which is induced by a few key maternal factors and subsequently by zygotic signals. Meanwhile, another type of signals, the pluripotency factors in ES cells, which maintain the undifferentiated state, are also present during early embryonic cells. In this review, the functions of the pluripotency factors during Xenopus germ layer formation and the regulatory relationship between the signals that promote differentiation and pluripotency factors are discussed.

Transparent soft PDMS eggshell

In vivo 3D fluorescent image remains a technological barrier for biologists and clinical scientists although green fluorescent protein(GFP)imaging has long been performed rather well at cellular level.Meanwhile,robust enough portable devices are also challenging lab-on-a-chip advocators who wish their designs to be nurtured by the end users.This work is dedicated to propose a conceptually innovated transparent soft PDMS avian eggshell to directly tackle the above two goals.Here,an"egg-on-a-chip"scheme is originally developed and demonstrated by a newly developed PDMS"soft"process method.Unlike its ancestor–the conventional"lab-on-a-chip"(LOC)which is basically chemically based,the current"egg-on-a-chip",intrinsically inherited with biological natures,opens a way to integrate biological parts or whole system in a miniature sized device.Such biomimics system contains much condensed environmental evolutional tensor inside than those of the existing LOC compacted with artificial components which however are quite difficult to incorporate various life factors inside.Owning unique advantages,a series of transparent PDMS whole"eggshells"have been fabricated and applied to culture avian embryos up to 17.5 days and chimeric eggshells were engineered on normal eggs.In addition,X-stage embryos were successfully initiated in such system and pre-chorioallantoic membrane was observed.Further,limitation of the present process was interpreted and potential approach to improve it was suggested.With both high optical transparency and engineering subtlety fully integrated together,the present method not only provides an ideal transparent imaging platform for studying functional embryo development including life mystery,but also promises a future strategy for"lab-on-an-egg"technology which may be important in a wide variety of either fundamental or practical areas.

Epigenetics: major regulators of embryonic neurogenesis

Mammalian cortical development is a dynamically and strictly regulated process orchestrated by extracellular signals and intracellular mechanisms. Recent studies show that epigenetic regulation serves as, at least in part, interfaces between genes and the environment, and also provides insight into the molecular and cellular bases of early embryonic cortical development. It is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic regulation of cortical development occurs at multiple levels and that comprehensive knowledge of this complex regulatory landscape is essential to delineating embryonic neurogenesis.