Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate...Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.展开更多
试验旨在探究SIX1和TEF基因在苏尼特羊(Sunite sheep,SNT)和小尾寒羊(Small Tail Han sheep,STH)相关组织中的表达特征,有助于揭示上述2个基因在绵羊季节性发情和繁殖调控中的重要作用。选取季节性发情的SNT母羊在短光照(模拟繁殖季节)...试验旨在探究SIX1和TEF基因在苏尼特羊(Sunite sheep,SNT)和小尾寒羊(Small Tail Han sheep,STH)相关组织中的表达特征,有助于揭示上述2个基因在绵羊季节性发情和繁殖调控中的重要作用。选取季节性发情的SNT母羊在短光照(模拟繁殖季节)和长光照(模拟休情期)条件下及常年发情的STH母羊在不同繁殖时期(卵泡期和黄体期)的下丘脑等10种组织,利用qPCR技术分析上述不同繁殖状态下各组织中SIX1和TEF基因的相对表达量。结果表明,SIX1基因在SNT和STH的垂体组织中均高表达,其它组织中微弱表达;TEF基因在2个绵羊品种的多个组织中广泛表达;SNT垂体中TEF基因在短光照条件下其表达量显著高于长光照条件(P<0.05),STH垂体中TEF基因在卵泡期其表达量显著高于黄体期(P<0.05);SNT子宫体中TEF在长光照条件下其表达量显著高于短光照条件(P<0.05),STH子宫体中TEF在黄体期其表达量极显著高于卵泡期(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,SIX1和TEF基因表达在绵羊垂体中发挥重要作用,2个基因在SNT垂体中的表达变化趋势与已知的长光照诱导基因EYA3的表达变化不同,暗示绵羊垂体中SIX1和TEF基因不是通过转录水平变化来参与季节性发情上游基因的调控;TEF基因可能参与绵羊不同繁殖状态下子宫生理变化的调控。本研究为深入探究这2个基因在绵羊繁殖性能调控方面的作用奠定了基础。展开更多
RNA polymerase （Pol） Ⅱ transcription persists in TATA-box-binding protein （TBP）^-/- mutant mouse embryos, indicating TBP-independent mechanisms for Pol Ⅱ transcription in early development. TBP-related factor 3 ...RNA polymerase （Pol） Ⅱ transcription persists in TATA-box-binding protein （TBP）^-/- mutant mouse embryos, indicating TBP-independent mechanisms for Pol Ⅱ transcription in early development. TBP-related factor 3 （TRF3） has been proposed to substitute for TBP in TBP^-/- mouse embryos. We examined the expression of TRF3 in maturing oocytes and early embryos and found that TRF3 was co-expressed with TBP in the meiotic oocytes and early embryos from the late one-cell stage onward. The amounts of TBP and TRF3 changed dynamically and correlated well with transcriptional activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation （CHIP） assay revealed that different gene promoters in mouse embryonic stem （ES） cells recruited TRF3 and TBP selectively. Comparative analyses of TRF3 and TBP during cell cycle showed that both factors proceeded through cell cycle in a similar pace, except that TRF3 was slightly delayed than TBP in entering the nucleus when cells were exiting the M-phase. Data from expression and biochemical analyses therefore support the hypothesis that TRF3 plays a role in early mouse development. In addition, results from co-localization study suggest that TRF3 may be also involved in Pol Ⅰ transcription.展开更多
基金supported by the NIH grants(R01DE12329,R01DE14044,P60DE13076)the National Science Foundation grant(IBN-9796321)the Millenium Trust Health Excellence Fund(HEF-2000-05-04)from the Louisiana Bpard of Regents
文摘Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.
文摘试验旨在探究SIX1和TEF基因在苏尼特羊(Sunite sheep,SNT)和小尾寒羊(Small Tail Han sheep,STH)相关组织中的表达特征,有助于揭示上述2个基因在绵羊季节性发情和繁殖调控中的重要作用。选取季节性发情的SNT母羊在短光照(模拟繁殖季节)和长光照(模拟休情期)条件下及常年发情的STH母羊在不同繁殖时期(卵泡期和黄体期)的下丘脑等10种组织,利用qPCR技术分析上述不同繁殖状态下各组织中SIX1和TEF基因的相对表达量。结果表明,SIX1基因在SNT和STH的垂体组织中均高表达,其它组织中微弱表达;TEF基因在2个绵羊品种的多个组织中广泛表达;SNT垂体中TEF基因在短光照条件下其表达量显著高于长光照条件(P<0.05),STH垂体中TEF基因在卵泡期其表达量显著高于黄体期(P<0.05);SNT子宫体中TEF在长光照条件下其表达量显著高于短光照条件(P<0.05),STH子宫体中TEF在黄体期其表达量极显著高于卵泡期(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,SIX1和TEF基因表达在绵羊垂体中发挥重要作用,2个基因在SNT垂体中的表达变化趋势与已知的长光照诱导基因EYA3的表达变化不同,暗示绵羊垂体中SIX1和TEF基因不是通过转录水平变化来参与季节性发情上游基因的调控;TEF基因可能参与绵羊不同繁殖状态下子宫生理变化的调控。本研究为深入探究这2个基因在绵羊繁殖性能调控方面的作用奠定了基础。
基金This study was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （Nos. 001CB509903 and 001CB509904）Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （Nos. 2001AA216121 and 2004AA205010）+3 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30040003） Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality （Nos. 99DJ14002, 00DJ1 4033, 01DJ14003, and 03DJ14017） Chinese Academy of Science （No. KSCX-2-3-08）Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine.
文摘RNA polymerase （Pol） Ⅱ transcription persists in TATA-box-binding protein （TBP）^-/- mutant mouse embryos, indicating TBP-independent mechanisms for Pol Ⅱ transcription in early development. TBP-related factor 3 （TRF3） has been proposed to substitute for TBP in TBP^-/- mouse embryos. We examined the expression of TRF3 in maturing oocytes and early embryos and found that TRF3 was co-expressed with TBP in the meiotic oocytes and early embryos from the late one-cell stage onward. The amounts of TBP and TRF3 changed dynamically and correlated well with transcriptional activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation （CHIP） assay revealed that different gene promoters in mouse embryonic stem （ES） cells recruited TRF3 and TBP selectively. Comparative analyses of TRF3 and TBP during cell cycle showed that both factors proceeded through cell cycle in a similar pace, except that TRF3 was slightly delayed than TBP in entering the nucleus when cells were exiting the M-phase. Data from expression and biochemical analyses therefore support the hypothesis that TRF3 plays a role in early mouse development. In addition, results from co-localization study suggest that TRF3 may be also involved in Pol Ⅰ transcription.
