In order to meet the requirements of combustion optimization for saving energy and reducing pollutant emission simultaneously,an immune cell subsets based multiobjective optimization algorithm（ICSMOA）is proposed.In ...In order to meet the requirements of combustion optimization for saving energy and reducing pollutant emission simultaneously,an immune cell subsets based multiobjective optimization algorithm（ICSMOA）is proposed.In the ICSMOA,the subset division operator and the immunological tolerance operation are defined.Preference can be easily addressed by using the subset division operator,and the distribution of the solutions can be guaranteed by the immunological tolerance operation.Using the ICSMOA,a group of Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained.However,by the traditional weighting method（WM）,only one solution can be obtained and it cannot be judged as Pareto optimal or not.In contrast to the solutions obtained by the repeatedly performed WM,the simulation results show that most solutions obtained by the ICSMOA are better than the solutions obtained by the WM.In addition,the Pareto front obtained by the ICSMOA is not as uniform as most classical multiobjective optimization algorithms.More optimal solutions which meet the preference set by the decision-maker can be obtained and they are very useful for industrial application.展开更多
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） in Cx43 knock-out mice and its underlying immunological mechanism.Methods Heterozygote （Cx43^＋/-） mice （n=64） and ...Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） in Cx43 knock-out mice and its underlying immunological mechanism.Methods Heterozygote （Cx43^＋/-） mice （n=64） and wild-type （Cx43^＋/＋） mice （n=46） were used in the present study.CIA model was es- tablished by intracutaneous injection of bovine collagenⅡ（immunonization）.Acupuncture of Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST36） was carried out from the 4^th week on after the initial immunization,once a day for 3 weeks.Arthritis score and days of onset of CIA were recorded.Intracellular contents of Th subgroups of splenic lymphocytes were detected with flow cytometry.Results The incidence rate of CIA and arthritis score in Cx43^＋/- mice were significantly lower than those in Cx43^＋/＋ mice （P〈0.05）.In Cx43^＋/＋ mice,3 weeks after acupuncture treatment,the score of arthritis symptoms and signs in acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in model group （P〈0.01）,while in Cx43^＋/- mice,no significant difference was found between model group and acupuncture group in arthritis score （P〉0.05）.In comparison with control group,percentages of both Thl and Th2 and Th1/Th2 increased significantly in 0x43^＋/＋ CIA model group （P〈0.05）,while compared with model group,the percentage of Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 in acupuncture group decreased evidently （P〈0.05） or moderately,showing that acupuncture can effectively suppress arthritis-induced increase of Thl in Cx43^＋/＋ mice.In 0x43^＋/- mice,Th1 level and Th1/Th2 of CIA model group increased considerably in comparison with control group （P〈0.05）,while compared with model group,the Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 of acupuncture group had no significant changes （P〉0.05）,indicating that the effect of acupuncture in suppressing increase of Th1 percent and Th1/Th2 was eliminated.Conclusion Acupuncture of Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST 36） can effectively relieve CIA symptoms and signs and inhibit increase of splenic Th1 in Cx43^＋/＋ mice but has no any effect on CIA score,Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 in Cx43^＋/- mice.It shows the effect of acupuncture in improving CIA is closely related to Cx43 gene.展开更多
In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochond...In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.展开更多
Objective: To study the expression of Fas and Bcl-2proteins on T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheralblood of relapsing patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA) and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry (permeabizat...Objective: To study the expression of Fas and Bcl-2proteins on T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheralblood of relapsing patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA) and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry (permeabization andstaining procedure with conjugated antibodies) wasused. Results: We observed that the expression of Fasprotein on CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset of CA patientswas significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.01). Conclusions: Increased expression of Fas proteinon CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset may be a cause of de-creased percentage of CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset. Thisinduces the increased ratio of CD4^+/CD8^+.展开更多
Objective: To study the immunological mechanisms ofCondyloma acuminata(CA) through investigating Tlymphocyte subset levels and cytokine profile in theperipheral blood of patients with CondylomaAcuminata. Methods: Tric...Objective: To study the immunological mechanisms ofCondyloma acuminata(CA) through investigating Tlymphocyte subset levels and cytokine profile in theperipheral blood of patients with CondylomaAcuminata. Methods: Tricolor and bicolor immunofluorescentstaining antibody of cell surface antigen and intracel-lular IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IFN-Y in CD4^+ and CD8^+ T-lymphocytes from 20 patients with CA were performedand followed by flow cytometry. Results: The number of CD3^+T, CD4^+T-lymphocytescells and CD4^+/CD8^+T cells ratio were significantlydecreased(P<0.01) in patients with CA Compared tocontrols, and IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ production in CD4^+Tcells was decreased(P<0.01), IL-4 and IFN-γ produc-tion in CD4^+T cells was not significantly different (P>0.05), while IL-2 and IL-12 production in CD8^+Tc cellswas decreased (P<0.01), whereas IFN-γ and IL-4 pro-ducing in CD4^+T cells were of no significantlydifference(P>0.05). Conclusions: There was an imbalance of T lympho-cyte subsets, Th1/Th2 cytokines and Tc1/Tc2 in theperipheral blood of CA patients, which may play animportant role in the pathogenesis and progression ofCA.展开更多
AIM: To study the levels of membrane interleukin-2 receptor (mIL-2R) and T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with hepatitis C and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. ME...AIM: To study the levels of membrane interleukin-2 receptor (mIL-2R) and T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with hepatitis C and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. METHODS: The levels of mIL-2R and T cells subsets in PBMC were detected by biotin- streptatividin (BSA) technique before and after stimulation with PHA in 203 patients with hepatitis C with HCV-RNA(+), anti-HCV(+), anti-HCV(-). RESULTS: The total expressive levels of mIL-2R before and after stimulation with PHA(0.03+/-0.01, 0.03+/-0.02, 0.04+/-0.02, 0.36+/-0.03), and T cell subsets in PBMC (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07) were all lower in patients with hepatitis C than those in normal controls (0.66+/-0.07, 0.41+/-0.06, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.01). Among the patients, the levels of mIL-2R were lower in silence than those in situation of PHA inducting (P【0.01). However, the levels of mIL-2R were similar in acute hepatitis C to that in chronic hepatitis C (P】0.05). The levels of CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+), CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) were lower and CD(8)(+) was higher in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C with anti-HCV(+) than those in normal controls (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07, 1.18+/-0.30, 0.61+/-0.07, 0.37+/-0.05, 1.39+/-0.33, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.05-P【0.01). CONCLUSION: The cellular immunity is obviously changed in patients with hepatitis C. The levels of mIL-2R and activation of T cells are closely associated with chronicity of hepatitis C.展开更多
AIM： To characterize the peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles and their correlation with hepatitis B virus （HBV） replication in different dinical stages of chronic HBV infection. METHODS： A total of 422 patien...AIM： To characterize the peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles and their correlation with hepatitis B virus （HBV） replication in different dinical stages of chronic HBV infection. METHODS： A total of 422 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three stages： immune-tolerant stage, immune active stage, and immune-inactive carrier stage. Composition of peripheral T-cell subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. HBV markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed by quantitative real-time poiymerase chain reaction.RESULTS： CD8^＋ T-cells were significantly higher in patients at the immune-tolerant stage than in patients at the immune-active and -inactive carrier stages （36.87 ± 7.58 vs 34.37 ± 9.07, 36.87 ± 7.58 vs 28.09 ± 5.64, P 〈 0.001）. The peripheral blood in patients at the immune-tolerant and immune active stages contained more CD8^＋ T-cells than CD4^＋ T-cells （36.87 ± 7.58 vs 30.23 ± 6.35, 34.37 ± 9.07 vs 30.92 ± 7.40, P 〈 0.01）, whereas the peripheral blood in patients at the immune- inactive carrier stage and in normal controls contained less CD8^＋ T-cells than CD4^＋ T-cells （28.09 ± 5.64 vs 36.85 ±6.06, 24.02 ± 4.35 vs 38.94 ± 3.39, P 〈 0.01）. ANOVA linear trend test showed that CD8^＋ T-cells were significantly increased in patients with a high viral load （39.41 ± 7.36, 33.83 ± 7.50, 31.81 ± 5.95 and 26.89 ± 5.71, P 〈 0.001）, while CD4^＋ T-cells were significantly increased in patients with a low HBV DNA load （37.45 ± 6.24, 33.33 ± 5.61, 31.58 ± 6.99 and 27.56 ± 5.49, P 〈 0.001）. Nultiple regression analysis displayed that log copies of HBV DNA still maintained its highly significant coefficients for T-cell subpopulations, and was the strongest predictors for variations in CD3^＋, CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio after adjustment for age at HBV-infection, maternal HBV-infection status, presence of hepatitis B e antigen and HBV mutation.CONCLUSION： Differences in peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles can be found in different clinical stages of chronic HBV infection. T-cell impairment is significantly associated with HBV load.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte sub- populations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was es...Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte sub- populations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion: In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopula- tions regulating network.展开更多
For more than two decades, immunologists have been using the so-called Th1/Th2 paradigm to explain most of the phenomena related to adaptive immunity. The Thl/Th2 paradigm implied the existence of two different, mutu-...For more than two decades, immunologists have been using the so-called Th1/Th2 paradigm to explain most of the phenomena related to adaptive immunity. The Thl/Th2 paradigm implied the existence of two different, mutu- ally regulated, CD4＋ T helper subsets： Thl cells, driving cell-mediated immune responses involved in tissue damage and fighting infection against intracellular parasites; and Th2 cells that mediate IgE production and are particu- larly involved in eosinophilic inflammation, allergy and clearance of helminthic infections. A third member of the T helper set, IL-17-producing CD4＋ T cells, now called Th17 cells, was recently described as a distinct lineage that does not share developmental pathways with either Thl or Th2 cells. The Th17 subset has been linked to autoimmune disorders, being able to produce IL-17, IL-17F and IL-21 among other inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, it has been reported that there is not only a cross-regulation among Thl, Th2 and Th17 effector cells but there is also a di- chotomy in the generation of Th17 and T regulatory cells. Therefore, Treg and Th17 effector cells arise in a mutually exclusive fashion, depending on whether they are activated in the presence of TGF-β or TGF-β plus inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. This review will address the discovery of the Th17 cells, and recent progress on their development and regulation.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of supplementation of glutamine （GLN） on maintaining glu- tathione （GSH） level, immune system function, liver function, and clinical outcome of patients receiving abdominal operat...Objective To evaluate the effects of supplementation of glutamine （GLN） on maintaining glu- tathione （GSH） level, immune system function, liver function, and clinical outcome of patients receiving abdominal operation. Methods Forty patients undergoing elective abdominal surgical treatment were randomly divided into 2 groups： study group （n=20） and control group （n=20）. All patients received total parenteral nutrition （TPN） for up to 7 days during perioperative period. The study group received TPN supplemented with GLN dipeptide while the control group received TPN without GLN dipeptide. Patients in both groups received equivalent nitrogen and caloric intake. Blood sample was taken on preoperative day, and the 1st, 3rd, 6th postoperative day to measure GSH level, immune indexes, and liver function indexes. Results The decrease of GSH level in plasma and red blood cell （RBC） in study group was less than that in control group during postoperative period. Ratio of GSH/glutathione disulfide （GSSG） in plasma in study grouP was higher than that in control group on the 3rd postoperative day （52.53±11.46 vs. 31.43±7.27, P = 0.001）. Albumin level in study group was higher than that in control group on the 3rd postoperative day （37.7±3.8 g/L vs. 33.8±4.2 g/L, P = 0.02）. There was no significant difference in the levels of immunoglobin （IgG, IgM, IgA） or T lymphocyte subgroup （CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8） in both groups during postoperative period. There was one case with infectious complication in control group, while none in study group. A trend of shortened hospital stay was observed in study group compared with control group （22.3±2.1 d vs. 24.9±1.7 d,P= 0.32）. Conclusions Supplementation of GLN-enriched TPN has beneficial effects on maintaining GSH levels in plasma and RBC, sustaining GSH/GSSG ratio and albumin level, and keeping antioxidant abilities during postoperative period in patients with abdominal operation, with the trends of decreasing incidence of infectious complication and shortening hospital stay.展开更多
Pig-tailed macaques(Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. North...Pig-tailed macaques(Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. Northern pig-tailed macaques(M. leonina) are distributed in China and other surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not available. To obtain such information, 62 blood samples from male and female healthy northern pig-tailed macaques at different ages were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer(NK) cells, monocytes, and the expression levels of activation or differentiation related molecules(CD38, HLA-DR, CCR5, CD21, IgD, CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The counts of B cells decreased with age, but those of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and the frequency of CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with age. The counts of leukocyte subpopulations were higher in males than those in females except for CD4+ T cells. Males also showed higher expression levels of Ig D and CD21 within B cells. This study provides basic data about the leukocyte subpopulations of northern pig-tailed macaques and compares this species with commonly used Chinese rhesus macaques(M. mulatta), which is meaningful for the biomedical application of northern pig-tailed macaques.展开更多
AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the para...AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the parameters of villous-crypts axis and the number of OX62＋DC, OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC, and OX62＋CD4-SIRP-DC in the small intestine in different groups of rats. The relationship between the parameters of villous-axis and the number of DC and DC subtype were analyzed. RESULTS： All morphometric parameters changed significantly with the development of pups in the different age groups （F = 10.751, 12.374, 16.527, 5.291, 3.486; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.015）. Villous height levels were unstable and increased from 115.24μm to 140.43 μm as early as 3 wk postpartum. Villous area increased significantly between 5 and 7 wk postpartum, peeked up to 13817.60 tam2 at 7 wk postpartum. Villous height and crypt depth ratios were relatively stable and increased significantly from 2.80 ＋ 1.01 to 4.54 =1= 1.56, 9-11 wk postpartum. The expression of OX62＋DC increased from 33.30%±5.80% to 80%± 17.30%, 3-11 wk postpartum （F =5.536, P = 0.0013）. OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC subset levels detected in single-cell suspensions of rat total Peyer＇s patch dendritic cells （PP-DCs） increased significantly from 30.73% ± 5.16% to 35.50% ± 4.08%, 5-7 wk postpartum and from 34.20% ±1.35% to 43.60% ± 2.07% 9-11 wk postpartum （F = 7.216, P = 0.005）. CONCLUSION： This study confirms the agerelated changes in villous-crypt axis differentiation in the small intestine. Simultaneously, there are also development and maturation in rat PP-DCs phenotypic expression. Furthermore, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa and the development of immune cells （especially DC） peaked at 9-11 wk postpartum, indicating that the intestinal mucosae reached a relatively mature state at 11 wk postpartum.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51036002,51076027)the Key Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.108060)
文摘In order to meet the requirements of combustion optimization for saving energy and reducing pollutant emission simultaneously,an immune cell subsets based multiobjective optimization algorithm（ICSMOA）is proposed.In the ICSMOA,the subset division operator and the immunological tolerance operation are defined.Preference can be easily addressed by using the subset division operator,and the distribution of the solutions can be guaranteed by the immunological tolerance operation.Using the ICSMOA,a group of Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained.However,by the traditional weighting method（WM）,only one solution can be obtained and it cannot be judged as Pareto optimal or not.In contrast to the solutions obtained by the repeatedly performed WM,the simulation results show that most solutions obtained by the ICSMOA are better than the solutions obtained by the WM.In addition,the Pareto front obtained by the ICSMOA is not as uniform as most classical multiobjective optimization algorithms.More optimal solutions which meet the preference set by the decision-maker can be obtained and they are very useful for industrial application.
文摘Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） in Cx43 knock-out mice and its underlying immunological mechanism.Methods Heterozygote （Cx43^＋/-） mice （n=64） and wild-type （Cx43^＋/＋） mice （n=46） were used in the present study.CIA model was es- tablished by intracutaneous injection of bovine collagenⅡ（immunonization）.Acupuncture of Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST36） was carried out from the 4^th week on after the initial immunization,once a day for 3 weeks.Arthritis score and days of onset of CIA were recorded.Intracellular contents of Th subgroups of splenic lymphocytes were detected with flow cytometry.Results The incidence rate of CIA and arthritis score in Cx43^＋/- mice were significantly lower than those in Cx43^＋/＋ mice （P〈0.05）.In Cx43^＋/＋ mice,3 weeks after acupuncture treatment,the score of arthritis symptoms and signs in acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in model group （P〈0.01）,while in Cx43^＋/- mice,no significant difference was found between model group and acupuncture group in arthritis score （P〉0.05）.In comparison with control group,percentages of both Thl and Th2 and Th1/Th2 increased significantly in 0x43^＋/＋ CIA model group （P〈0.05）,while compared with model group,the percentage of Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 in acupuncture group decreased evidently （P〈0.05） or moderately,showing that acupuncture can effectively suppress arthritis-induced increase of Thl in Cx43^＋/＋ mice.In 0x43^＋/- mice,Th1 level and Th1/Th2 of CIA model group increased considerably in comparison with control group （P〈0.05）,while compared with model group,the Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 of acupuncture group had no significant changes （P〉0.05）,indicating that the effect of acupuncture in suppressing increase of Th1 percent and Th1/Th2 was eliminated.Conclusion Acupuncture of Zúsānlǐ（足三里ST 36） can effectively relieve CIA symptoms and signs and inhibit increase of splenic Th1 in Cx43^＋/＋ mice but has no any effect on CIA score,Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th2 in Cx43^＋/- mice.It shows the effect of acupuncture in improving CIA is closely related to Cx43 gene.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700065)the Program for Fostering Young Talents of Kunming Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(0706571141)~~
文摘In order to evaluate the phylogenetic position and validity of Rana altaica,we investigated the phylogeny of brown frogs in Eurasia by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony analyses of a fragment from the mitochondrial DNA gene Cytochrome b.Both analyses resolved R.altaica as nesting deeply within R.arvalis.Most samples of the nominal R.altaica from the Altai region and specimens from Central Siberia shared a haplotype with R.arvalis based on the network analysis.The matrilineal relationships suggested that R.altaica should be considered as a junior synonym of R.arvalis.Furthermore,our study suggested that the species group division of Chinese brown frogs should be re-evaluated within a phylogenetic context.
文摘Objective: To study the expression of Fas and Bcl-2proteins on T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheralblood of relapsing patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA) and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry (permeabization andstaining procedure with conjugated antibodies) wasused. Results: We observed that the expression of Fasprotein on CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset of CA patientswas significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.01). Conclusions: Increased expression of Fas proteinon CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset may be a cause of de-creased percentage of CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset. Thisinduces the increased ratio of CD4^+/CD8^+.
文摘Objective: To study the immunological mechanisms ofCondyloma acuminata(CA) through investigating Tlymphocyte subset levels and cytokine profile in theperipheral blood of patients with CondylomaAcuminata. Methods: Tricolor and bicolor immunofluorescentstaining antibody of cell surface antigen and intracel-lular IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IFN-Y in CD4^+ and CD8^+ T-lymphocytes from 20 patients with CA were performedand followed by flow cytometry. Results: The number of CD3^+T, CD4^+T-lymphocytescells and CD4^+/CD8^+T cells ratio were significantlydecreased(P<0.01) in patients with CA Compared tocontrols, and IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ production in CD4^+Tcells was decreased(P<0.01), IL-4 and IFN-γ produc-tion in CD4^+T cells was not significantly different (P>0.05), while IL-2 and IL-12 production in CD8^+Tc cellswas decreased (P<0.01), whereas IFN-γ and IL-4 pro-ducing in CD4^+T cells were of no significantlydifference(P>0.05). Conclusions: There was an imbalance of T lympho-cyte subsets, Th1/Th2 cytokines and Tc1/Tc2 in theperipheral blood of CA patients, which may play animportant role in the pathogenesis and progression ofCA.
基金the Youth Scientific Foundation of the Ministry of Coal Industry of China,No.96-072
文摘AIM: To study the levels of membrane interleukin-2 receptor (mIL-2R) and T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with hepatitis C and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. METHODS: The levels of mIL-2R and T cells subsets in PBMC were detected by biotin- streptatividin (BSA) technique before and after stimulation with PHA in 203 patients with hepatitis C with HCV-RNA(+), anti-HCV(+), anti-HCV(-). RESULTS: The total expressive levels of mIL-2R before and after stimulation with PHA(0.03+/-0.01, 0.03+/-0.02, 0.04+/-0.02, 0.36+/-0.03), and T cell subsets in PBMC (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07) were all lower in patients with hepatitis C than those in normal controls (0.66+/-0.07, 0.41+/-0.06, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.01). Among the patients, the levels of mIL-2R were lower in silence than those in situation of PHA inducting (P【0.01). However, the levels of mIL-2R were similar in acute hepatitis C to that in chronic hepatitis C (P】0.05). The levels of CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+), CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) were lower and CD(8)(+) was higher in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C with anti-HCV(+) than those in normal controls (0.62+/-0.06, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.35+/-0.07, 1.18+/-0.30, 0.61+/-0.07, 0.37+/-0.05, 1.39+/-0.33, 0.31+/-0.05, P【0.05-P【0.01). CONCLUSION: The cellular immunity is obviously changed in patients with hepatitis C. The levels of mIL-2R and activation of T cells are closely associated with chronicity of hepatitis C.
文摘AIM： To characterize the peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles and their correlation with hepatitis B virus （HBV） replication in different dinical stages of chronic HBV infection. METHODS： A total of 422 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three stages： immune-tolerant stage, immune active stage, and immune-inactive carrier stage. Composition of peripheral T-cell subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. HBV markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed by quantitative real-time poiymerase chain reaction.RESULTS： CD8^＋ T-cells were significantly higher in patients at the immune-tolerant stage than in patients at the immune-active and -inactive carrier stages （36.87 ± 7.58 vs 34.37 ± 9.07, 36.87 ± 7.58 vs 28.09 ± 5.64, P 〈 0.001）. The peripheral blood in patients at the immune-tolerant and immune active stages contained more CD8^＋ T-cells than CD4^＋ T-cells （36.87 ± 7.58 vs 30.23 ± 6.35, 34.37 ± 9.07 vs 30.92 ± 7.40, P 〈 0.01）, whereas the peripheral blood in patients at the immune- inactive carrier stage and in normal controls contained less CD8^＋ T-cells than CD4^＋ T-cells （28.09 ± 5.64 vs 36.85 ±6.06, 24.02 ± 4.35 vs 38.94 ± 3.39, P 〈 0.01）. ANOVA linear trend test showed that CD8^＋ T-cells were significantly increased in patients with a high viral load （39.41 ± 7.36, 33.83 ± 7.50, 31.81 ± 5.95 and 26.89 ± 5.71, P 〈 0.001）, while CD4^＋ T-cells were significantly increased in patients with a low HBV DNA load （37.45 ± 6.24, 33.33 ± 5.61, 31.58 ± 6.99 and 27.56 ± 5.49, P 〈 0.001）. Nultiple regression analysis displayed that log copies of HBV DNA still maintained its highly significant coefficients for T-cell subpopulations, and was the strongest predictors for variations in CD3^＋, CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ cells and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio after adjustment for age at HBV-infection, maternal HBV-infection status, presence of hepatitis B e antigen and HBV mutation.CONCLUSION： Differences in peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles can be found in different clinical stages of chronic HBV infection. T-cell impairment is significantly associated with HBV load.
文摘Objective: To investigate the potential and early effect of hypertonic saline resuscitation on T-lymphocyte sub- populations in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into Sham group, HTS group (hypertonic saline resuscitation group) and NS group (normal saline resuscitation group). Each group contained 6 rats. The CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively before shock and after resuscitation by double antibody labelling and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage after hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in HTS and NS groups markedly increased. Small volume resuscitation with HTS also induced peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes to a certain extent, whereas NS resuscitation showed no effect in this respect. Consequently, compared with Sham and HTS groups, CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood in NS group was obviously increased, and showed statistically differences. Conclusion: In this model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock, small volume resuscitation with HTS is more effective than NS in reducing immunologic disorders and promoting a more balanced profile of T-lymphocyte subpopula- tions regulating network.
文摘For more than two decades, immunologists have been using the so-called Th1/Th2 paradigm to explain most of the phenomena related to adaptive immunity. The Thl/Th2 paradigm implied the existence of two different, mutu- ally regulated, CD4＋ T helper subsets： Thl cells, driving cell-mediated immune responses involved in tissue damage and fighting infection against intracellular parasites; and Th2 cells that mediate IgE production and are particu- larly involved in eosinophilic inflammation, allergy and clearance of helminthic infections. A third member of the T helper set, IL-17-producing CD4＋ T cells, now called Th17 cells, was recently described as a distinct lineage that does not share developmental pathways with either Thl or Th2 cells. The Th17 subset has been linked to autoimmune disorders, being able to produce IL-17, IL-17F and IL-21 among other inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, it has been reported that there is not only a cross-regulation among Thl, Th2 and Th17 effector cells but there is also a di- chotomy in the generation of Th17 and T regulatory cells. Therefore, Treg and Th17 effector cells arise in a mutually exclusive fashion, depending on whether they are activated in the presence of TGF-β or TGF-β plus inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. This review will address the discovery of the Th17 cells, and recent progress on their development and regulation.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of supplementation of glutamine （GLN） on maintaining glu- tathione （GSH） level, immune system function, liver function, and clinical outcome of patients receiving abdominal operation. Methods Forty patients undergoing elective abdominal surgical treatment were randomly divided into 2 groups： study group （n=20） and control group （n=20）. All patients received total parenteral nutrition （TPN） for up to 7 days during perioperative period. The study group received TPN supplemented with GLN dipeptide while the control group received TPN without GLN dipeptide. Patients in both groups received equivalent nitrogen and caloric intake. Blood sample was taken on preoperative day, and the 1st, 3rd, 6th postoperative day to measure GSH level, immune indexes, and liver function indexes. Results The decrease of GSH level in plasma and red blood cell （RBC） in study group was less than that in control group during postoperative period. Ratio of GSH/glutathione disulfide （GSSG） in plasma in study grouP was higher than that in control group on the 3rd postoperative day （52.53±11.46 vs. 31.43±7.27, P = 0.001）. Albumin level in study group was higher than that in control group on the 3rd postoperative day （37.7±3.8 g/L vs. 33.8±4.2 g/L, P = 0.02）. There was no significant difference in the levels of immunoglobin （IgG, IgM, IgA） or T lymphocyte subgroup （CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8） in both groups during postoperative period. There was one case with infectious complication in control group, while none in study group. A trend of shortened hospital stay was observed in study group compared with control group （22.3±2.1 d vs. 24.9±1.7 d,P= 0.32）. Conclusions Supplementation of GLN-enriched TPN has beneficial effects on maintaining GSH levels in plasma and RBC, sustaining GSH/GSSG ratio and albumin level, and keeping antioxidant abilities during postoperative period in patients with abdominal operation, with the trends of decreasing incidence of infectious complication and shortening hospital stay.
基金This work was supported by the National Special Science Research Program of China （2012CBA01305） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81172876, U0832601, 81273251, U1202228） the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS （KSCX2-EW-R-13） and the National Science and Technology Major Project （2013ZX10001-002, 2012ZX10001-007）We thank Mr. Zhen-Fei Hu,Gui Li and Dong-Ti Huang of Kunming Primate Research Center for their assistance with the experiments.
文摘Pig-tailed macaques(Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. Northern pig-tailed macaques(M. leonina) are distributed in China and other surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not available. To obtain such information, 62 blood samples from male and female healthy northern pig-tailed macaques at different ages were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer(NK) cells, monocytes, and the expression levels of activation or differentiation related molecules(CD38, HLA-DR, CCR5, CD21, IgD, CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The counts of B cells decreased with age, but those of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and the frequency of CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with age. The counts of leukocyte subpopulations were higher in males than those in females except for CD4+ T cells. Males also showed higher expression levels of Ig D and CD21 within B cells. This study provides basic data about the leukocyte subpopulations of northern pig-tailed macaques and compares this species with commonly used Chinese rhesus macaques(M. mulatta), which is meaningful for the biomedical application of northern pig-tailed macaques.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571979
文摘AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the parameters of villous-crypts axis and the number of OX62＋DC, OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC, and OX62＋CD4-SIRP-DC in the small intestine in different groups of rats. The relationship between the parameters of villous-axis and the number of DC and DC subtype were analyzed. RESULTS： All morphometric parameters changed significantly with the development of pups in the different age groups （F = 10.751, 12.374, 16.527, 5.291, 3.486; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.015）. Villous height levels were unstable and increased from 115.24μm to 140.43 μm as early as 3 wk postpartum. Villous area increased significantly between 5 and 7 wk postpartum, peeked up to 13817.60 tam2 at 7 wk postpartum. Villous height and crypt depth ratios were relatively stable and increased significantly from 2.80 ＋ 1.01 to 4.54 =1= 1.56, 9-11 wk postpartum. The expression of OX62＋DC increased from 33.30%±5.80% to 80%± 17.30%, 3-11 wk postpartum （F =5.536, P = 0.0013）. OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC subset levels detected in single-cell suspensions of rat total Peyer＇s patch dendritic cells （PP-DCs） increased significantly from 30.73% ± 5.16% to 35.50% ± 4.08%, 5-7 wk postpartum and from 34.20% ±1.35% to 43.60% ± 2.07% 9-11 wk postpartum （F = 7.216, P = 0.005）. CONCLUSION： This study confirms the agerelated changes in villous-crypt axis differentiation in the small intestine. Simultaneously, there are also development and maturation in rat PP-DCs phenotypic expression. Furthermore, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa and the development of immune cells （especially DC） peaked at 9-11 wk postpartum, indicating that the intestinal mucosae reached a relatively mature state at 11 wk postpartum.
