Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorder...Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ-and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. HCV infection of lymphoid ceils could set up privileged reservoirs able to interfere with the host viral clearance efficiency and may be implicated in viral recurrence after apparently successful antiviral therapy. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, easily detectable by searching simple laboratory and clinical parameters, mainly represented by vasculitis-like skin features and hypocomplementemia.The presence or absence of this hypersensitivity pattern seems to correlate with the antiviral response and could be identified as a novel immunological cofactor. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.展开更多
Objective To determine the number of goblet cells, the change of MUC5AC expression in chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD) patients and the relationship of smoking with goblet cell, MUC5AC, and lung function...Objective To determine the number of goblet cells, the change of MUC5AC expression in chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD) patients and the relationship of smoking with goblet cell, MUC5AC, and lung function. Methods Eighteen patients undergoing lung resections for a solitary peripheral carcinoma were classified by lung function as having COPD. Twenty patients with normal lung function served as the control group. Normal lobe bronchioles far away from the lesion site were taken for paraffin section. Goblet cells were identified by AB/PAS staining and the ex- pression of MUC5AC in the paraffin’s section was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results Goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in the COPD group. The positive rate of goblet cell in COPD group (0.20% ± 0.10%) was significantly higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.13% ± 0.06%, P < 0.05). The posi- tive rate of MUC5AC expression in the COPD group (0.27% ± 0.09%) was higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.20% ± 0.10%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of goblet cell in smokers (27.93% ± 9.00%) of the COPD group and normal lung function group was higher than that in non-smokers (17.70% ± 9.37%, P < 0.05), while MUC5AC expression had no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (17.88% ± 6.44% and 10.88% ± 7.10%, respectively). Conclusion For COPD patients with declined lung function, there were goblet cell hyperplasia and increased expres- sion of MUC5AC. MUC5AC expression up-regulation may due to goblet cell hyperplasia. Smoking may be an important factor for goblet cell hyperplasia.展开更多
Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the proliferation of specialized, bone marrow-derived langerhans cells and mature eosinophils. The clinical spectrum ranges fro...Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the proliferation of specialized, bone marrow-derived langerhans cells and mature eosinophils. The clinical spectrum ranges from an acute, fulminant, disseminated disease called Letterer Siwe disease to solitary or few, indolent and chronic lesions of the bone or other organs called eosinophilic granuloma. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is very rare in LCH. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman referred by her primary care physician for a screening colonoscopy. A single sessile polyp, measuring 4 mm in size, was found in the rectum. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was relatively well circumscribed and comprised mainly a mixture of polygonal cells with moderate-to-abundant pink slightly granular cytoplasm. The nuclei within these cells had frequent grooves and were occasionally folded. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD la which confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. On further workup, there was no evidence of involvement of any other organ. On follow up colonoscopy one year later, there was no evidence of disease recurrence. Review of the published literature revealed that LCH presenting as solitary colonic polyp is rare. However, with the increasing rates of screening colonoscopy, more colonic polyps may be identified as LCH on histopathology. This underscores the importance of recognizing this rare condition and ensuring proper follow-up to rule out systemic disease.展开更多
文摘Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ-and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. HCV infection of lymphoid ceils could set up privileged reservoirs able to interfere with the host viral clearance efficiency and may be implicated in viral recurrence after apparently successful antiviral therapy. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, easily detectable by searching simple laboratory and clinical parameters, mainly represented by vasculitis-like skin features and hypocomplementemia.The presence or absence of this hypersensitivity pattern seems to correlate with the antiviral response and could be identified as a novel immunological cofactor. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.
文摘Objective To determine the number of goblet cells, the change of MUC5AC expression in chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD) patients and the relationship of smoking with goblet cell, MUC5AC, and lung function. Methods Eighteen patients undergoing lung resections for a solitary peripheral carcinoma were classified by lung function as having COPD. Twenty patients with normal lung function served as the control group. Normal lobe bronchioles far away from the lesion site were taken for paraffin section. Goblet cells were identified by AB/PAS staining and the ex- pression of MUC5AC in the paraffin’s section was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results Goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in the COPD group. The positive rate of goblet cell in COPD group (0.20% ± 0.10%) was significantly higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.13% ± 0.06%, P < 0.05). The posi- tive rate of MUC5AC expression in the COPD group (0.27% ± 0.09%) was higher than that in the normal lung function group (0.20% ± 0.10%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of goblet cell in smokers (27.93% ± 9.00%) of the COPD group and normal lung function group was higher than that in non-smokers (17.70% ± 9.37%, P < 0.05), while MUC5AC expression had no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers (17.88% ± 6.44% and 10.88% ± 7.10%, respectively). Conclusion For COPD patients with declined lung function, there were goblet cell hyperplasia and increased expres- sion of MUC5AC. MUC5AC expression up-regulation may due to goblet cell hyperplasia. Smoking may be an important factor for goblet cell hyperplasia.
文摘Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the proliferation of specialized, bone marrow-derived langerhans cells and mature eosinophils. The clinical spectrum ranges from an acute, fulminant, disseminated disease called Letterer Siwe disease to solitary or few, indolent and chronic lesions of the bone or other organs called eosinophilic granuloma. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is very rare in LCH. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman referred by her primary care physician for a screening colonoscopy. A single sessile polyp, measuring 4 mm in size, was found in the rectum. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was relatively well circumscribed and comprised mainly a mixture of polygonal cells with moderate-to-abundant pink slightly granular cytoplasm. The nuclei within these cells had frequent grooves and were occasionally folded. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD la which confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. On further workup, there was no evidence of involvement of any other organ. On follow up colonoscopy one year later, there was no evidence of disease recurrence. Review of the published literature revealed that LCH presenting as solitary colonic polyp is rare. However, with the increasing rates of screening colonoscopy, more colonic polyps may be identified as LCH on histopathology. This underscores the importance of recognizing this rare condition and ensuring proper follow-up to rule out systemic disease.
