缺氧诱导因子-1α胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ在子宫内膜癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的研究子宫内膜癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的表达情况,并探讨表达的相关性。方法选取2013年9月至2015年9月河北工程大学附属医院经手术获取的110例子宫内膜癌标本,子宫内膜不典型增生30例作为研究对象,正常子宫内膜组织20例作为对照,应用免疫组织化学检测HIF-1α、IGF-Ⅰ在不同子宫内膜组织中的表达情况。结果 HIF-1α蛋白在子宫内膜癌、不典型子宫内膜增生及正常子宫内膜中表达阳性率分别为67.3%、26.7%、0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HIF-1α蛋白在临床手术分期表达阳性率(P<0.05),Ⅰ期为45.7%,Ⅱ期为79.3%,Ⅲ期为85.7%,差异具有统计学意义;HIF-1α蛋白的表达与发病年龄无关(P>0.05),与病理分级无关(P>0.05);IGF-Ⅰ蛋白在子宫内膜癌、不典型子宫内膜增生及正常子宫内膜中表达阳性率分别为63.6%、13.3%、0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);IGF-Ⅰ蛋白的表达与发病年龄、临床手术分期、病理分级均无关(P>0.05);IGF-Ⅰ蛋白在子宫内膜癌中表达阴性、阳性者中,HIF-1α阳性表达率分别为47.5%、68.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HIF-1α、IGF-Ⅰ不在正常子宫内膜中表达,在子宫内膜癌及不典型子宫内膜增生中表达阳性率较高;HIF-1α与子宫内膜癌的进展有关;HIF-1α与IGF-Ⅰ在子宫内膜癌组织的表达无相关性。

桂枝茯苓胶囊对实验性子宫肌瘤中孕激素受体和胰岛素样生长因子I的影响

目的:研究桂枝茯苓胶囊对实验性子宫肌瘤中孕激素受体(PR)和胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF I)的影响。方法:给大鼠注射苯甲酸雌二醇和黄体酮造模,建立子宫肌瘤动物模型。对造模大鼠给予桂枝茯苓流浸膏和米非司酮,然后用免疫组化SP法测定正常对照组、模型对照组、用药组的平滑肌组织中PR和IGF I的表达。结果:①模型对照组大鼠子宫平滑肌组织中的PR阳性表达率明显高于正常对照组大鼠(P<0.01),IGF I阳性表达率高于正常对照组大鼠(P<0.05)。②用药组大鼠子宫平滑肌组织PR阳性表达率明显低于模型对照组(P<0.01),IGF I阳性表达率也低于造模对照组(P<0.05)。③PR和IGF I在桂枝茯苓组与米非司酮组中的阳性表达率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:孕激素与IGF I在子宫肌瘤生长中起重要作用。桂枝茯苓胶囊可明显降低子宫肌瘤组织中PR和IGF I的水平,这可能是桂枝茯苓胶囊抑制子宫肌瘤发展的重要机制之一。

骨保护素和胰岛素样生长因子在冠心病心力衰竭表达意义

目的探讨冠心病(congenital heart disease,CHD)心力衰竭患者血清中骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)和胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factor-I,IGF-I)的水平变化及其意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附检测法测定116例CHD慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF组)和44例正常体检者(对照组)血清中OPG与IGF-I水平,进行对照分析。结果 CHF组患者血清OPG水平显著高于正常对照组(68.94±12.08)pg/m L,且随着心功能的恶化而显著增高(P<0.01);血清IGF-水平显著低于正常对照组(118.80±35.19)pg/m L,且随着心功能的恶化而显著降低(P<0.01)。血清中OPG与IGF-I水平呈负相关(r=-0.625,P<0.01)。结论 OPG与IGF-I共同参与了冠心病的心力衰竭的发生发展过程,二者的血清水平可以作为判断心力衰竭严重程度的指标。

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ受体mRNA与实验性糖尿病视网膜病变的初步研究

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ受体 (IGF ⅠR)mRNA在糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)发病中的作用。方法 复制糖尿病大鼠模型 ,分别于成模后 3个月和 6个月时经光镜和透穿电镜观察视网膜的形态学改变。应用原位杂交技术对IGF ⅠRmRNA在视网膜上的表达情况进行动态观察与分析。结果 (1)IGF ⅠRmRNA在正常大鼠视网膜节细胞层及内核层均有表达 (约占 5 %) ;(2 )糖尿病大鼠视网膜内IGF ⅠRmRNA表达显著增强 ,3个月病程表达量约占 15 %,6个月病程表达量约占 18%;(3)经胰岛素治疗的糖尿病大鼠视网膜上IGF ⅠRmRNA表达明显少于相同病程模型组。3个月治疗组表达量约占 8%,6个月治疗组表达量约占 10 %。结论 IGF ⅠRmRNA随糖尿病大鼠病程延长、病情加重 ,表达量增加 ,随胰岛素治疗 ,表达量减少 ,IGF ⅠRmRNA表达量的变化很可能是DR发生、发展的重要因素。

Role of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis caused by adult growth hormone deficiency

In recent years,growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have become key regulators of bone metabolism and remodeling,crucial for maintaining healthy bone mass throughout life.Studies have shown that adult growth hormone deficiency leads to alterations in bone remodeling,significantly affecting bone microarchitecture and increasing fracture risk.Although recombinant human growth hormone replacement therapy can mitigate these adverse effects,improving bone density,and reduce fracture risk,its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis,especially in adults with established growth hormone deficiency,seems limited.Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by targeting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts,and clinical trials have confirmed their efficacy in improving osteoporosis.Therefore,for adult growth hormone deficiency patients with osteoporosis,the use of bisphosphonates alongside growth hormone replacement therapy is recommended.

Megestrol acetate plus metformin for fertility-sparing treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma: a prospective study

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate(MA)plus metformin as the primary fertility-sparing treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH)and early-stage grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma(G1 EAC)and the recurrence rate after treatment.Methods Sixty patients(aged 20-42 years)with AEH and/or grade 1 EAC limited to the endometrium were enrolled prospectively and randomized into two groups(n=30)to receive oral MA treatment at the daily dose of 160 mg(control)or MA plus oral metformin(850 mg,twice a day)for at least 6 months.The treatment could extend to 12 months until a complete response(CR)was achieved,and follow-up hysteroscopy and curettage were performed every 3 months.For all the patients who achieved CR,endometrial expressions of IGFBP-rP1,p-Akt and p-AMPK were detected immunohistochemically.Results A total of 58 patients completed the treatment.After 9 months of treatment,23(76.7%)patients in the combined treatment group and 20(71.4%)in the control group achieved CR;two patients in the control group achieved CR after converting to the combined treatment.The recurrence rate did not differ significantly between the control group and combined treatment group(30.0%vs 22.7%,P>0.05).Ten(35.7%)patients in the control group experienced significant weight gain of 5.7±6.1 kg,while none of the patients receiving the combined treatment exhibited significant body weight changes.Compared with the control group,the patients receiving the combined treatment showed enhanced endometrial expressions of IGFBP-rP1 and p-AMPK with lowered p-Akt expression.Conclusion Metformin combined with MA may provide an effective option for fertility-sparing treatment of AEH and grade 1 stage IA EAC,and the clinical benefits of metformin for controlling MA-induced weight gain and promoting endometrial expressions of IGFBP-rP1 and p-AMPK while inhibiting p-Akt expression warrants further study.

高脂血症患者AngⅡ和NO与IGF-1关系研究及通心络疗效

目的研究临床高胆固醇血症患者血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和一氧化氮(NO)与胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)相关性,探讨通心络干预疗效。方法观察入选的40名高胆固醇血症患者(TC>5.72mmol·L-1或LDL-C>3.64mmol·L-1)和35名健康体检者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能,并检测血清中AngⅡ、NO、IGF-1和可溶性E-选择素含量的变化,对高胆固醇血症患者AngⅡ与IGF-1以及NO与IGF-1进行pearson相关分析,并将40例高胆固醇血症患者,随机双盲分成两组,通心络组:20例,在常规饮食控制基础上,予通心络胶囊每次4粒(每粒为0.26g),每日3次,安慰剂组:20例,在常规饮食控制基础上服用安慰剂,疗程为8wk,观察通心络对上述指标以及血脂的影响。结果与健康体检者相比,高胆固醇血症患者血清NO和IGF-1含量明显降低,血管内皮依赖性舒张功能下降,而AngⅡ、可溶性E-选择素含量明显增高。高胆固醇血症患者AngⅡ与IGF-1呈负相关(r=-0.406,P<0.01),NO与IGF-1呈正相关(r=0.718,P<0.001)。使用通心络治疗8wk后,IGF-1、NO明显增加,血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显改善,AngⅡ和可溶性E-选择素降低。结论IGF-1含量降低可能是高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能障碍的一个重要机制,通心络提高IGF-1水平可能是其对高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮保护的新机制。

IGF-1、IGF-1R在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-l(IGF-l)及其受体(IGF-lR)在大肠癌发病机制中的作用及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化染色法检测50例大肠癌组织、20例大肠腺瘤和20例正常大肠黏膜中IGF-1和IGF-lR蛋白的表达水平。结果:大肠正常黏膜、腺瘤及癌组织IGF-1、IGF-1R的表达水平逐渐升高,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。大肠癌组织中,IGF-1和IGF-1R的表达呈正相关(r=0.585,P<0.01)。结论:IGF-1R和IGF-1在大肠癌的发生发展中具有重要作用。

利用微阵列芯片技术探究脊髓损伤的分子机制

脊髓损伤后一系列生物过程变化的分子机制尚不明确。目的:分析利用微阵列芯片技术观察脊髓损伤后的基因表达变化的国际研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索Elsevier数据库和Web of Knowledge数据库中1972年1月至2012年11月关于微阵列芯片技术和脊髓损伤方面的文章,在标题和摘要中以"microarray,spinal cord injury,geneexpression"为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与利用微阵列技术探究脊髓损伤分子机制相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表在较高水平杂志中的文章。根据纳入标准选择56篇文献进行综述,同时参考了两部中文著作。结果与结论:利用在分子研究基础上建立起来的微阵列芯片技术能够很好的检测从急性损伤期到后期胶质瘢痕形成过程中的基因表达变化,进而能够寻找相关的信号通路及转录因子。该技术不仅对今后的分子研究起到指导作用,而且可从基因层面为脊髓损伤的治疗寻找合适的靶点。文章分析了脊髓损伤的病理生理学过程,提出了实验设计及微阵列芯片检测技术上的革新、数据分析方法上的改进,并评价了微阵列芯片帮助寻找有效治疗靶点的能力。

Developmental Changes of IGF-Ⅰ mRNA Expression Level in Sheep Muscle

[ Objective] To detect the mRNA of muscle insulin-like growth factorl （IGF-I） in the early development of Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, so as to provide information for the research about the early growth and development of sheep. [ Method] With real-time quan- titative PCR, the muscle IGF-I mRNA level was separately detected in two varieties of sheep at 2, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days old. Then the data was analyzed with SPSS software. [ Result] The IGF-I mRNA in sheep muscle first increased and then decreased with ages, peaking at 30 days old in Kazak sheep and at 60 days old in Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. The IGF-I expression level of Kazak sheep had no significant difference with Xinjiang fine-wool sheep at 2 or 90 days old （ P 〉0.05）, but was lower than that of the latter with extremely significant difference （ P 〈0.01 ） from 30 to 60 days old. [ Conclusion] The male Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine-wool sheep have similar model of developmental changes of muscular IGF-I mRNA, but the expression level is different between these two species.

miR-339-5p调控IGF2对肺炎链球菌诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡和内质网应激的影响

目的:探讨微小RNA(miRNA)-339-5p是否通过调控胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF2),影响肺炎链球菌诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡和内质网应激。方法:逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)测定1×10^(8)CFU·ml^(-1)肺炎链球菌感染的肺泡上皮细胞A549中miR-339-5p和IGF2 mRNA表达。在A549细胞中转染miR-339-5p mimic、si-IGF2或共转染miR-339-5p mimic与pcDNA IGF2,并以1×10^(8)CFU·ml^(-1)肺炎链球菌感染。流式细胞术评检测细胞凋亡,免疫印迹实验(Western blot)检测B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)和活化转录因子6(ATF6)蛋白表达,比色法检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平。双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-339-5p对IGF2的靶向作用。结果:miR-339-5p在肺炎链球菌处理的A549细胞中低表达,IGF2 mRNA高表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达miR-339-5p或敲低IGF2后,肺炎链球菌处理的A549细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白、CHOP蛋白、ATF6蛋白、MDA、LDH水平减少,Bcl-2蛋白、SOD、GSH-Px水平增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。miR-339-5p靶向调控IGF2 mRNA表达。过表达IGF2逆转了miR-339-5p对肺炎链球菌处理的A549细胞凋亡及内质网应激的影响。结论:miR-339-5p可能通过靶向调控IGF2,抑制肺炎链球菌诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡和减轻内质网应激。

Effect of porous titanium coated with IGF-1 and TGF-β_1 loaded gelatin microsphere on function of MG63 cells

Porous titanium with porosity of 60% was prepared by metal injection molding（MIM）,and coated with gelatin sustained-release microspheres which were made by improved emulsified cold condensation method.The effects of porous titanium coated with insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） and transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） gelatin microspheres on the function of MG63 cells were evaluated in vitro.The results show that porous titanium coated with gelatin sustained-release microspheres has no cytotoxicity.The IGF-1 and TGF-β1 loading concentrations are positively correlative with the proliferation and differentiation of MG63 after co-culturing with the concentrations of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 gelatin microspheres in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mg and 0.25-2.5 ng/mg,respectively.The MG63 cells exhibit the best proliferation and differentiation with the IGF-1 and TGF-β1 loading concentrations of 10 ng/mg and 2.5 ng/mg,respectively.The joint application of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 group,which promote adhesion,proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells,is superior to a single application group.

Apoptosis in Granulosa cells during follicular atresia:relationship with steroids and insulin-like growth factors

It is well known that during mammalian ovarian follicular development, the majority of follicles undergo atresia at various stages of their development. However, the mechanisms controlling this selection process remain unknown. In this study, we investigated apoptosis in granulosa cells during goat follicular atresia by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The changes in the levels of steroids, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF receptors were studied by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and semi-quantitative reverse transcrip-tion-PCR. We found that the percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells in the atretic (A) follicles was significantly higher than that in the slightly atretic (SA) and healthy (H) follicles. The level of estradiol and the ratio of estradiol to progesterone in H follicles were significantly higher than those in A follicles. On the other hand, the level of progesterone was not significantly different among these follicle types. We also found that the level of IGF-Ⅰ in H follicles was higher than in SA and A follicles, whereas the amount of IGF-Ⅱ did not vary significantly. The expression of IGF receptor also decreased in A follicles as compared to that in H and SA follicles. These results suggested that estradiol and IGF-Ⅰ might be involved in controlling apoptosis in granulosa cells during follicular atresia.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 induces activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro

AIM:To investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) in the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro.METHODS:Rat HSC-T6 cells were cultured in separate dishes and treated with various concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1,IGFBP-7 or antiIGFBP-7 antibody for 24 h.The supernatant or a cytoplasm suspension was obtained from cultured HSC,followed by transfer of cells to form cell-coated dishes.Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of IGFBP-7 induced by TGF-β1 and the level of fibronectin,collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA).The pro-apoptotic effect of antiIGFBP-7 antibody was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed that the expression of IGFBP-7 in TGF-β1 treated HSC was significantly up-regulated compared to that in the control group.In addition,fibronectin,collagen and α-SMA also showed enhanced expression in accordance with the transdifferentiation process in a dose-dependent manner to some extent.Moreover,flow cytometry suggested that anti-IGFBP-7 antibody induced apoptosis of activated HSC,which is responsible for the development of liver fibrosis,and may represent a novel pathway and target for therapeutic intervention.CONCLUSION:IGFBP-7 showed increased expression in activated HSC and played an important role in the activation and transdifferentiation process of HSC.AntiIGFBP-7 antibody may ameliorate liver fibrogenesis.

Tyrosine kinase of insulin-like growth factor receptor as target for novel treatment and prevention strategies of colorectal cancer

AIM： To investigate the antineoplastic potency of the novel insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF-1R） tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI） NVP-AEW541 in cell lines and primary cell cultures of human colorectal cancer （CRC）. METHODS： Cells of primary colorectal carcinomas were from 8 patients. Immunostaining and crystal violet staining were used for analysis of growth factor receptor protein expression and detection of cell number changes, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. The proportion of apoptotic cells was determined by quantifying the percentage of sub-G1 （hypodiploid） cells. Cell cycle status reflected by the DNA content of the nuclei was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS： NVP-AEW541 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell lines and primary cell cultures by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Apoptosis was characterized by caspase-3 activation and nuclear degradation. Cell cycle was arrested at the G1/S checkpoint. The NVP-AEW541-mediated cell cycle-related signaling involved the inactivation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） 1/2, the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21^waf1/CIP1 and p27^kjp1, and the downregulation of the cell cycle promoter cyclin D1. Moreover, BAX was upregulated during NVP-AEW541-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated. Measurement of LDH release showed that the antineoplastic effect of NVP-AEW541 was not due to general cytotoxicity of the compound. However, augmented antineoplastic effects were observed in combination treatments of NVP-AEW541 with either 5-FU, or the EGFR-antibody cetuximab, or the HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor fluvastatin. CONCLUSION： IGF-1R-TK inhibition is a promising novel approach for either monoor combination treatment strategies of colorectal carcinoma and even for CRC chemoprevention.

Is diabetes a causal agent for colorectal cancer? Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms

The possible relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC), concerning pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms is highlighted in this review. The most recent and complete articles and developments in this particular field were thoroughly reviewed. Common risk factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and Western diet between DM and CRC, led to the theory that DM might be a causal agent for CRC development. Various studies have connected type 2 DM and CRC, either proximal or distal, in both sexes. Additionally, chronic insulin treatment has been linked with increased colorectal tumor risk among type 2 diabetic patients. Interestingly, elevated hemoglobin A1c has been proven to be an independent predictor of aggressive clinical behavior in CRC patients. These mechanisms include the insulin-like growth factor-hyperinsulinemia theory and the participation of oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, it has been proposed that Cox-2 inhibitors might have a role in decreasing the incidence of CRC. Finally, the use of statins to reduce the risk for colon cancer in patients with diabetes has remained controversial. Diabetic patients over 50 should receive counseling regarding their elevated risk for CRC, and screening colonoscopy should be recommended before initiating insulin therapy. However, there are no current guidelines, and this strategy is not yet applicable to some countries, as the corresponding risk would not allow screening colonoscopy to be adopted. There is strong evidence to indicate that DM is a causal agent for CRC development. This conclusion provides new impetus for re-evaluating CRC screening worldwide.

Expression and alteration of insulin-like growth factor II-messenger RNA in hepatoma tissues and peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the clinical values of serum free insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅱ) levels and IGF-Ⅱ mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and peripheral blood for diagnosis of HCC and monitoring of extrahepatic metastasis.METHODS: Total RNAs were extracted from HCC tissues or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HCC, liver diseases devoid of cancer, non-hepatic tumors,and healthy controls, respectively. IGF-Ⅱ cDNAs were synthesized through random primers and reversetranscriptase, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. Serum free IGF-Ⅱ levels in patients with different liver diseases were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The amplified fragments of IGF-Ⅱ mRNA by RT-PCR were identical to originally designed ones with a size of 170 bp and confirmed by sequencing analysis.The dilution experiments revealed that the lowest sensitivity of our system was 2 ng/L of total RNA. The positive frequencies of IGF-Ⅱ mRNA were 100% in HCC tissues,53.3% in para-cancerous tissues, and 0% in non-cancerous tissues, respectively. The serum free IGF-Ⅱ levels were significantly higher in HCC than those in chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. The positive frequency of circulating IGF-Ⅱ mRNA was 34.2% in HCC, no amplified fragment was found in other liver diseases, extrahepatic tumors,and normal controls, respectively. The circulating IGF-Ⅱ mRNA correlated with the stage of HCC, and its positive rate was 100% in HCC with extrahepatic metastasis and 35.5% in HCC with AFP-negative. No significant correlation was found between tumor sizes and circulating IGF-Ⅱ mRNA fragment.CONCLUSION: The abnormal expressions of free IGF-Ⅱ and IGF-Ⅱ mRNA are useful tumor markers for HCC diagnosis, differentiation of extrahepatic metastasis and monitoring postoperative recurrence.

Effects of Dietary Corn Gluten Meal on Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism in Relation to IGF-I and TOR Gene Expression of Juvenile Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene expression.Five isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM protein.No significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM protein.However,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P < 0.05).The whole-body crude protein and lipid contents were significantly lower while the whole-body moisture content was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein compared with the control group(P < 0.05).When 70.0% of FM protein was replaced by CGM,plasma total protein and cholesterol contents were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein had significantly lower hepatic insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) expression levels than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in hepatic target of rapamycin(TOR),dorsal muscle IGF-I and TOR expression levels among dietary treatments.Results of the present study indicated that 52.5% of FM protein could be replaced by CGM in the diets without significant influences on the growth,feed utilization and protein metabolism of juvenile cobia.The present results might be useful for developing cost effective and sustainable cobia dietary formulations.

Expression and significance of tumor-related genes in HCC

AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of DEK, cyclin D1, insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅱ), glypican 3 (GPC3), ribosomal phosphoprotein 0 (rpPO) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its paraneoplastic tissues. METHODS: The expression of mRNAs of DEK, cyclin D1, IGF-Ⅱ, GPC3 and rpP0 mRNA was detected in HCC and its paraneoplastic tissues by multiplex RT-PCR. RESULTS: By the simplex RT-PCR, the overexpression of mRNAs of DEK, cyclin D1, IGF-Ⅱ, GPC3, rpP0 mRNA in HCC and its paraneoplastic tissues was 78.1%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 75.0%, 81.3% and 15.6%, 40.6%, 37.5%, 21.9%, 31.3% respectively (P<0.05). By the multiplex RT-PCR, at least one of the mRNAs was detected in all HCC samples and in 75.0% of paraneoplastic samples (P>0.05). However, all these five mRNAs were found in 68.8% of HCC samples, but only in 9.4% of paraneoplastic tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression of mRNAs of DEK, cyclin D1, IGF-Ⅱ, GPC3, rpP0 in well- and poorly-differentiated HCC was 89.0%, 66.7%, 66.7%, 66.7%, 77.8% and 73.9%, 95.7%, 95.7%, 95.7%, 82.6%, respectively (P>0.05). The expression of these genes in HCCs with α-feto protein (AFP) negative and positive was 90.0%, 80.0%, 90.0%, 90.0%, 90.0% and 72.7%, 86.3%, 77.3%, 90.9%, 68.2% respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of DEK, cyclin D1, IGF-Ⅱ, GPC3, rpP0 mRNA in HCC is much higher in HCC than in its paraneoplastic tissues. Multiplex RT-PCR assay is an effective, sensitive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method of HCC.

Clinical significance of loss of heterozygosity for M6P/IGF2R in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the relationship between loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for mannose 6-phosphate/insulin- like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) and the outcomes for primary HCC patients treated with partial hepatectomy. METHODS: The LOH for M6P/IGF2R in primary HCC patients was assessed using six different gene-specific nucleotide polymorphisms. The patients studied were enrolled to undergo partial hepatectomy. RESULTS: M6P/IGF2R was found to be polymorphic in 73.3% (22/30) of the patients, and of these patients, 50.0% (11/22) had tumors showing LOH in M6P/IGF2R. Loss of heterozygosity in M6P/IGF2R was associated with significant reductions in the two year overall survival rate (24.9% vs 65.5%; P = 0.04) and the disease-free survival rate (17.8% vs 59.3%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These results show M6P/IGF2R LOH predicts poor clinical outcomes in surgically resected primary HCC patients.