腹腔镜联合输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗胰腺管结石的护理

目的总结腹腔镜联合输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗胰腺管结石的护理要点。方法回顾性分析2012年10月至2015年10月7例住院接受手术治疗的胰腺管结石患者临床资料，通过围手术期相关综合护理干预措施，包括呼吸功能训练，血糖监测及调控，观察术后感染、胰漏、出血等并发症的发生率。结果7例患者术后均未出现出血、胰漏、肺炎、肺不张、高碳酸血症等并发症，血糖控制良好，术后随访6—26个月无胰腺管结石复发。结论包括呼吸训练，血糖的合理监测和调控等综合护理措施对腹腔镜联合输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗胰腺管结石手术患者，能成功保障患者的顺利康复。

腺胰管结石合并胰腺囊肿一例报告

胰腺管结石合并胰腺囊肿在临床上罕见，我院遇到一例经手术证实现报道如下。

10例慢性胰腺炎胰管结石的护理体会

胰腺结石是一种少见的疾病,病理较复杂。胰管结石最早由Degraaf于1667年报道,正常人群中的发病率不超过1%,且与慢性胰腺炎关系密切,慢性胰腺炎病人90%伴有胰管结石[1]。

胰管结石诊治方法的探讨

目的 探讨胰管结石症的诊断、治疗的方法和措施。方法 对 1980 - 2 0 0 1年收治的胰管结石 39例进行回顾性分析。结果 胰管结石主要表现为反复发作上腹痛伴腹泻、消瘦及糖尿病等胰腺内外分泌功能不全症状 ,主要依据B超、CT、腹部平片及ERCP等多种影像学检查联合应用确定诊断。手术治疗 31例 ,行胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux -en -Y吻合术 2 2例 ,其中伴黄疸同时行胆管探查、T管引流术 5例 ,胆管空肠侧侧吻合 3例 ;胰头局部切除 2例 ;胰十二指肠切除 3例 ;胰体尾切除 3例 ,其中行胰体空肠吻合术 2例 ,效果满意。结论 B超、CT、腹部平片及ERCP等多种影像学检查联合应用可确定诊断 ,其中B超检查为首选方法 ,确诊后应尽早手术 ,众多手术方式中胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux -en

Presence and density of common bile duct microlithiasis in acute biliary pancreatitis

AIM:Common bile duct microlithiasis(CBDM)is found in majority of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP)and no CBD stones in fluoroscopy during urgent ERCP.It is unclear,however,weather CBDM is a cause or the result of the disease.This prospective study was done to investigate the presence and density of CBDM in patients with ABP,when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) done in different periods from the onset of the disease. METHODS:One hundred fifty one consecutive patients with ABP and no CBDS on ERCP,performed as an urgent(<24 h of admission)procedure,(101-with gallbladder stones, 50 post-cholecystectomy patients),treated during last 4 years were prospectively included to the study.The presence and density of CBDM(cholesterol monohydrate crystals-CMCs and calcium bilirubinate granules-CBGs)in bile collected directly from common bile duct during ERCP was prospectively calculated according to Juniper and Burson criteria.High density of crystals was considered,when we found >10 CMCs and/or >25 clusters of CBGs on 1 slide. RESULTS:CBD microlithiasis was present in given number of patients:on d 1-30/34(88.2%,),on d2 41/49(83.7%), on d 3-23/33(69.5%,),on d4-7-24/35(58.6%)[ P for trend =0.018 ].In patients with CBD microlithiasis the high density of crystals was observed in given number of patients:on d 1-27/30(90%),on d 2-34/41(82.9%),on d3-18/23 (78.3%),on d4-7-16/24(66.7%)[P for trend=0.039]. CONCLUSION:In patients with ABP and no CBDS on ERCP, CBD microlithiasis is observed in the majority of patients, especially during the first day of the disease.Density of CBD microlithiasis is the highest in the first day of the disease.This suggests that CBD microlithiasis can be the cause and not the result of ABP.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the detection of pancreatic duct stones in patients with chronic pancreatitis

AIM:To assess the role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) in detection of pancreatic duct stones(PDS) in patients with chronic pancreatitis(CP).METHODS:Clinical data of 78 CP patients who were treated at the First Affi liated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University(China) between January 2004 and July 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.A predictive model of pancreatic duct stones was established through logistic regression and its effectiveness was verifi ed.Among these patients, MRCP was performed in 60 patients who served as a control group, while 44 patients with a higher predictive value than the entry threshold of the predictive model served as an experimental group.RESULTS:The positive rate of PDS in the 78 patients with CP was 19.2%(15/78).The predictive entry threshold of the predictive model was 5%(P < 0.05).The possibility of existence of PDS could be predicted according to the following 4 indexes:gastrointestinal symptoms, intermittent abdominal pain, diabetes mellitus(DM)/impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and positive B-mode ultrasound results.The incidence of PDS in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:MRCP is strongly suggested for the detection of PDS in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, intermittent abdominal pain, DM/IGT and positive B-mode ultrasound results.

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare event in pregnancy, occurring in approximately 3 in 10 000 pregnancies. The spectrum of AP in pregnancy ranges from mild pancreatitis to serious pancreatitis associated with necrosis, abscesses, pseudocysts and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Pregnancy related hematological and biochemical alterations infl uence the interpretation of diagnostic tests and assessment of severity of AP. As in any other disease associated with pregnancy, AP is associated with greater concerns as it deals with two lives rather than just one as in the non-pregnant population. The recent advances in clinical gastroenterology have improved the early diagnosis and effective management of biliary pancreatitis. Diagnostic studies such as endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and therapeutic modalities that include endoscopic sphincterotomy, biliary stenting, common bile duct stone extraction and laparoscopic cholecystectomy are major milestones in gastroenterology. When properly managed AP in pregnancy does not carry a dismal prognosis as in the past.

Selective sphincteroplasty of the papilla in cases at risk due to atypical anatomy

AIM： To analyze the indications, efficacy and safety of sphincteroplasty in our centre.METHODS： A retrospective study of sphincteroplasty in 53 cases of papilla at high risk was performed in 2004-2006. The procedure consisted of duodenoscopy with Olympus TJF 145 Videoduodenoscope, approach to the biliary tract using a catheter with a guidewire, and dilatation of the papilla with a dilatation balloon catheter using a syringe with a manometer for control of the filling pressure.RESULTS： The indications included intradiverticular papilla in 26 patients （49%）, stenosis of a previous sphincterotomy in 19 patients （35.8%）, small size of the papilla in 4 patients （7.5%）, Billroth R gastrectomy in 3 patients （5.6%）, and coagulopathy in one patient （1.9%）. The efficacy was 97.8%, with all the calculi extracted from the common bile duct in 84.4% of the patients, even though 21 of the patients （39.6%） had calculi with a diameter equal to or greater than 10 ram. Seven patients （13.2%） presented complications： haemorrhage in 1 patient （1.9%） and mild pancreatitis in 6 patients （11.3%）. The mean hospital stay in case of complications was of 3 ± 0.63 d.CONCLUSION： Sphincteroplasty is highly effective, with a compllcation rate similar to that of sphincterotomy, furthermore, the complications are of low clinical importance. The use of the 10 mm balloon makes it possible to extract calculi with a diameter of over 15 mm and to extract more than 3 calculi without increasing the rate of complications and reduces the need to resort to lithotripsy or rescue sphincterotomy.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic and large common bile duct stones

Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi that are not amenable to routine endotherapy.Pancreatic calculi in the head and body are targeted by ESWL,with an aim to fragment them to<3 mm diameter so that they can be extracted by subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).In our experience,complete clearance of the pancreatic duct was achieved in 76% and partial clearance in 17%of 1006 patients.Short-term pain relief with reduction in the number of analgesics ingested was seen in 84%of these patients.For large CBD calculi,a nasobiliary tube is placed to help target the calculi,as well as bathe the calculi in salinea simple maneuver which helps to facilitate fragmenta-tion.The aim is to fragment calculi to<5 mm size and clear the same during ERCP.Complete clearance of the CBD was achieved in 84.4%of and partial clearance in 12.3%of 283 patients.More than 90%of the patients with pancreatic and biliary calculi needed three or fewer sessions of ESWL with 5000 shocks being de-livered at each session.The use of epidural anesthesia helped in reducing patient movement.This,together with the better focus achieved with newer third-gen-eration lithotripters,prevents collateral tissue damage and minimizes the complications.Complications in our experience with nearly 1300 patients were minimal,and no extension of hospital stay was required.Similar rates of clearance of pancreatic and biliary calculi with minimal adverse effects have been reported from the centers where ESWL is performed regularly.In view of its high efficiency,non-invasive nature and low complication rates,ESWL can be offered as the first-line therapy for selected patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi.

体外冲击波碎石术联合经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石的效果分析

目的:探讨体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)联合经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石的效果。方法:选取我院(2014年1月~2017年1月)收治的40例慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石患者为研究对象,均行ESWL联合ERCP治疗,观察本组患者碎石取石情况,随访评价治疗后6个月、2年的效果。结果:本组40例患者共进行了63次ESWL,碎石成功率为100%,两种方法联合取净结石37例(92.50%),术后6个月、2年随访发现患者体重增加,脂肪泻、疼痛缓解。结论:ESWL联合ERCP治疗慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。