紧压茶对胰酶活性和肠道有益菌的作用

用云南、湖北、浙江生产的三种紧压茶、浙江绿茶、儿茶素和有机酸对胰酶进行活性影响实验,结果显示,所有的处理对胰蛋白酶和胰淀粉酶均有很高的激活效果,其中云南砖茶对上述二种酶的促活作用最强,达到17.2倍和15.6倍,绿茶次之。但上述处理对脂肪酶活性却略有抑制作用。在用云南紧压茶、绿茶的酵母发酵液和绿茶进行乳酸杆菌和双岐杆菌的激活效果试验中,所有的处理均显示了一定的激活作用。其中前两者处理的乳酸杆菌生长液菌体量高于对照的40%,而绿茶的酵母发酵液处理的双岐杆菌生长液菌体量高于对照的62.5%。

半胱胺对鹅胰液分泌及胰酶活性的影响

目的 :研究半胱胺对鹅胰液分泌及胰酶活性的影响。方法 :12只装有胰腺～十二指肠长久性瘘管的成年鹅。试验采用自身对照 ,试验期在日粮中一次性添加半胱胺 (10 0mg/kgbw)。连续收集计量胰液并测定胰酶活性。 结果 :①半胱胺使鹅胰液的分泌速率较对照期显著上升 (2 4 0 .16 % ,P <0 .0 1) ,其中白天升高 2 34.4 5 % ,夜间增高了2 5 3.70 %。②试验期单位容积胰蛋白酶的活性较对照期升高了 4 9.0 5 % (P <0 .0 1) ,而胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的活性却较对照期分别降低了 2 5 .4 4 %和 2 1.95 % ,且变化幅度具有昼夜的差别。③试验期胰腺每小时分泌胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的总活性较对照期分别升高 4 0 6 .88% (P <0 .0 1)、15 3.5 8% (P <0 .0 1)和 16 6 .5 9% (P<0 .0 1) ,白天增加的幅度较夜晚大。结论 :半胱胺能促进鹅胰液的分泌 ,增加胰液中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶分泌的总量 ,从而提高鹅对饲料的消化能力 。

根据急性胰腺炎严重程度，选择适宜治疗方案

大多数急性胰腺炎属于轻度，临床上经过禁食禁水、减压补液以及抗炎、营养支持等常规治疗常可治愈。中、重度急性胰腺炎需应用抑制胰腺分泌和抑制胰酶活性的药物，部分患者需要手术治疗。重度急性胰腺炎患者应在ICU病房监护。

急性胰腺炎的内科综合治疗

目的总结急性胰腺炎内科治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析28例患者的内科治疗方法。结果在常规治疗的基础上，尽早抑制胰腺分泌和胰酶活性；早期使用广谱抗生素；及时给予肠内营养。治愈26例（92％），结论急性胰腺炎的内科治疗疗效显著，可减少或避免手术.

乌司他丁(ulinastain)

(一)药理作用从人尿中提取精制的糖蛋白,属于蛋白酶抑制剂。具有抑制胰蛋白酶等各种胰酶活性的作用,常用于胰腺炎的治疗。此外,本药尚有稳定溶酶体膜、抑制溶酶体酶的释放和抑制心肌抑制因子产生等作用,故而可用于急性循环衰竭的抢救治疗当中。

Effect of endothelin-1 receptor antagonists on histological and ultrastructural changes in the pancreas and trypsinogen activation in the early course of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

AIM: To assess the effect of non-selective ETA/B (LU 302872)and selective ETA (LU 302146) antagonist on pancreatic histology and ultrastructure of acinar cells in connection with trypsinogen activation in early caerulein-induced AP.METHODS: Male Wistar rats with caerulein-induced AP,lasting 4 h, were treated i.p. with 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.of each antagonist. Edema, inflammatory infiltration,necrosis and vacuolization of acinar cells in the pancreas were scored at 0-3 scale. Free active trypsin (FAT), total potential trypsin (TPT) after activation with enterokinase,and index of trypsinogen activation (%FAT/TPT) were assayed in pancreatic homogenates.RESULTS: In untreated AP, the edema, inflammatory infiltration, necrosis and vacuolization increased as compared to control healthy rats (P＜0.01). None of the treatment exerted any meaningful effect on the edema and inflammatory infiltration. The selective antagonist increased slightly the necrosis score to 0.82±0.06 at higher dose (P＜0.05) vs 0.58±0.06 in untreated AP. The nonselective antagonist increased slightly the vacuolization score to 2.41±0.07 at higher dose (P＜0.01) vs 1.88±0.08in untreated AP. The decrease in the number of zymogen granules, disorganization of endoplasmic reticulum,autophagosomes and cytoplasmic vacuoles were more prominent in treated AP than in untreated AP groups.%FAT/TPT in untreated AP increased about four times (18.4±3.8 vs4.8±1.3 in control group without AP, P＜0.001).Treatment of AP with both antagonists did not affect significantly augmented trypsinogen activation.CONCLUSION: The treatment with endothelin-1 receptors (non-selective ETA/B and selective ETA) antagonists has essential effect neither on the edema and inflammatory infiltration nor on trypsinogen activation observed in the early course of caerulein-induced AP. Nevertheless a slight increase of the necrosis and vacuolization score and some of the ultrastructural data could suggest the possibility of their undesired effects in caerulein-induced AP at investigated doses.

Interplay between nitric oxide and VIP in CCK-8-induced phasic contractile activity in the rabbit sphincter of Oddi

AIM: The sphincter of Oddi (SO) plays an important role in delivery of bile into the duodenum. To establish whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) were involved in phasic contractile activity of the rabbit SO stimulated by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). METHODS: Isolated SO muscle rings were cleaned of fat and mounted horizontally on two small L-shaped hooks one of which was connected to a force transducer for the measurement of isometric tension.The experiments were carried out in a thermostatically controlled (37±0.2℃) organ bath (5 mL) containing Krebs solution.The organ fluid was gassed with 95% O2 and 50 mL/L CO2 to keep the pH at 7.40±0.05. Contractile responses to CCK-8 (1 μmol/L) were evaluated in the presence and absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA), an inhibitor of NO synthase (100 μmol/L), and (p-chloro-D-Phe6-Leu17)-VIP (VlPa, 30 μmol/L), a VIP receptor antagonist. RESULTS: CCK-8 stimulated the phasic activity of the SO. NO synthase inhibition increased the frequency and amplitude of contractions with a slight increase in developed tension. Pre-incubation with VlPa also attenuated this CCK-8 effect. The combined application of LNNA and VlPa abolished the phasic activity of the muscle rings with a marked increase in tension in response to CCK-8. CONCLUSION: VIP and NO together contribute to an increase in phasic activity of SO.

Inhibitory effects of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on pancreatic cancer cell Bxpc-3 telomerase activity and cell growth in vitro

AIM： To investigate the effect of telomerase hTERT gene antisense oligonucleotide （hTERT-ASO） on proliferation and telomerase activity of pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3. METHODS： MTT assay was used to detect the effect of different doses of hTERT-ASO on proliferation of Bxpc-3 cell for different times. To study the anti-tumor activity, the cells were divided into there groups： Control group （pancreatic cancer cell Bxpc-3）; antisense oligonucleotide （hTERT-ASO） group; and nosense oligonucleotide group decorated with phosphorothioate. Telomerase activity was detected using TRAP-PCR-ELISA. Cell DNA distribution was examined using flow cytometry assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by transmission electron microscope in each group. RESULTS： After treatment with 6 mmollL hTERT- ASO, cell proliferation was inhibited in dose- and time- dependent manner. The telomerase activity decreased after treatment with hTERT-ASO for 72 h. Flow cytometry showed the cell number of G0/G1 phase increased from 2.7% to 14.7%, the cell number of S phase decreased from 72.7% to 51.0%, and a sub-G1 stage cell apoptosis peak appeared in front of G1 stage. CONCLUSION： Telomerase antisense oligodeoxy- nucleotide can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 and decrease the telomerase activity and increase cell apoptosis rate in vitro.

A Novel Exponential Kinetic Model for Casein Tryptic Hydrolysis to Prepare Active Peptides

The kinetics of casein tryptic hydrolysis to prepare activepeptides was investigated. Taking into account the reaction mechanismincluding single substrate hydrolysis, irreversible enzymeinactivation, and substrate inhibition, a set of exponentialequations was established to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysiscurves. The verification was carried out by a series of experimentalresults and indicated that the average regressive error was less than5/100. According to the proposed kinetic model, the kinetic constantsand thermodynamic constants of the reaction system were alsocalculated.

Digestive enzyme activity and mRNA level of trypsin in embryonic redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarnatus

Abstract The digestive enzyme activity and mRNA level of trypsin during the embryonic development of Cherax quadricarinatus were analyzed using biochemical and Fluorogenic Quantitative PCR （FQ-PCR） methods. The results show that the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin had two different change patterns. Trypsin specific activity increased rapidly in the early stages of development and still remained high in preparation for the hatch stage. However, chymotrypsin activity peaked in stage 4 of embryonic development and decreased significantly in the last stage. The mRNA level of trypsin was elevated in all stages and two peak values were observed in stages 2 and 5 respectively. The results indicate that trypsin is very important for the utilization of the yolk during embryonic development and for the assimilation of dietary protein for larvae. The gene of trypsin is probably regulated at transcriptional level. The mRNA levels of trypsin can reflect not only trypsin activity, but also the regulatory mechanism for expression of trypsin gene to a certain degree.

Effect of germination on the nutritional quality of Pearl millet

Changes in proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor activity, phytic acid, tannins, in vitro protein digestibility and amino acids content of Pearl millet were investigated after germination for 5 days. Germination significantly increased protein content of pearl millet, with a parallel decrease in lipid and carbohydrates. Trypsin inhibitor activity and the phytic acid content showed significant decrease whereas tannin content increased after 5 days germination. In vitro protein digestibility （IVPD） was significantly decreased with germination, suggesting that tannins may be responsible for enzymes inhibition. Amino acid analysis revealed significant increase in essential amino acids and none essential amino acids.

On the Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Cognitive Decline

Objective： The association between gut microbiota composition and biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation was assessed in the elderly. Patients： Serum inflammation markers of fifty-five outpatients （29 females, 26 males, aged 78 ＋ 8.5 years） were analyzed. Stool specimens and thus data on gut microbiota were available from a subgroup of 23 individuals （9 females and 14 males）. Results： Global cerebral atrophy was found in all magnet resonance tomography scans. Mean mini-mental-score examination in Alzheimer＇s disease patients was 18.8 ± 7.1, in patients with mild cognitive impairment 27.8 ± 1.5. Serum neopterin concentrations correlated with concentrations of fecal S100A12 （p 〈 0.001） and cq-antitrypsin （p 〈 0.05）. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii correlated with MMSE （p 〈 0.05）, with Akkermansia muciniphila （p 〈 0.01） and with serum neopterin （p 〈 0.05）. Fecal zonulin correlated inversely with Clostridium cluster I （p 〈 0.02）. Conclusions： Our results underline earlier in vitro and animal studies that cognitive decline associates with age-related changes in the intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammation. However, only correlational evidence can be reported, and a causative relationship still has to be demonstrated.

Temporal allocation of metabolic tolerance to transgenic Bt cotton in beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)

Digestive and detoxification enzyme activity and nutrient composition were examined in the body of fourth instar beet armyworms,Spodoptera exigua(Hübner),fed on transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) and non-Bt cotton for different time periods.Nutrient composition and specific enzyme activities differed significantly between the S.exigua fed Bt vs.non-Bt cotton.At 1,6 and 24 h,free fatty acid and glucose levels were significantly lower in S.exigua fed on Bt cotton than those fed on non-Bt cotton.S.exigua fed on Bt cotton had significantly higher trypsin and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities and significantly lower lipase,carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities than non-Bt fed worms for all feeding time periods.Differences were also observed among feeding times within each cotton variety group.Significantly lower free fatty acid and total amino acid were observed in S.exigua fed on Bt cotton for 24 h than in those fed for 1 h.Significantly lower activities of lipase and trypsin were detected in S.exigua fed on Bt cotton for 24 h than those for 1 and 4 h.However,carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities in S.exigua fed on Bt cotton for 24 h were significantly higher than those for 1,4 and 6 h.The interaction between cotton variety and feeding time significantly affected the activities of lipase,trypsin,acetylcholinesterase and T-SOD enzymes in S.exigua.Measuring the temporal allocation of protection and detoxification enzyme activities in the body of S.exigua in response to B.thuringiensis can provide a meaningful evaluation on the metabolic tolerance of herbivorous insects under the continuous selection pressure of a toxic protein.