胰高血糖素样肽-2对体外培养的断奶仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞形态、增殖及其酶活力的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度的胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞形态、增殖及其酶活力的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,以体外培养的28日龄断奶仔猪回肠上皮细胞作为模型,细胞培养液中的人胰高血糖素样肽-2(hGLP-2)浓度分别为0、1×10-11、1×10-10、1×10-9、1×10-8和1×10-7mol/L,培养时间为144 h。结果表明,加入hGLP-2培养细胞96 h后,28日龄断奶仔猪回肠上皮细胞已具备单层柱状上皮细胞的典型特征,各试验组细胞数量均显著多于对照组(P<0.05),相对应的MTT OD值均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各试验组培养液乳酸浓度、总蛋白含量和蛋白质沉积量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各试验组的胞外碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶活力都极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),各试验组的Na+-K+-ATP酶活力都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可知,GLP-2可以促进体外培养的28日龄断奶仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,维持细胞形态的完整性。

Uncoupling protein 2 regulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in L-cells

AIM:To investigate whether uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) affects oleic acid-induced secretion of glucagonlike peptide-1(GLP-1) in L-cells.METHODS:mRNA and protein expression of UCP2 were analyzed in human NCI-H716 cells,which serve as a model for enteroendocrine L-cells,by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting before and after treatment with oleic acid.Localization of UCP2 and GLP-1 in NCI-H716 cells was assessed by immunofluorescence labeling.NCI-H716 cells were transiently transfected with a small interfering RNA(siRNA) that targets UCP2(siUCP2) or with a nonspecific siRNA using Lipofectamine 2000.The concentrations of bioactive GLP-1 in the medium were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:Both GLP-1 and UCP2 granules were expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of NCI-H716 cells.NCI-H716 cells that secreted GLP-1 also expressed UCP2.Time-course experiments revealed that release of GLP-1 from NCI-H716 cells into the medium reached a maximum at 120 min and remained stable until at least 180 min after treatment with oleic acid(the level of GLP-1 increased about 2.3-fold as compared with the level of GLP-1 in the control cells,P < 0.05).In an experiment to determine dose dependence,stimulation of NCI-H716 cells with ≤ 8 mmol oleic acid led to a concentration-dependent release of GLP-1 into the medium;10 mmol oleic acid diminished the release of GLP-1.Furthermore,GLP-1 secretion induced by oleic acid from NCI-H716 cells that were transfected with siUCP2 decreased to 41.8%,as compared with NCI-H716 cells that were transfected with a non-specific siRNA(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:UCP2 affected GLP-1 secretion induced by oleic acid.UCP2 plays an important role in L-cell secretion that is induced by free fatty acids.

Advancements in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy for type 2 diabetes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglycemic effects,and metabolic advantages.Their primary mechanisms of action encompass promoting insulin release,inhibiting glucagon secretion,bolstering pancreatic islet cell function,curbing appetite,and slowing gastric emptying.This article delves into the clinical evidence underscoring the efficacy of various GLP-1RAs.Notably,these agents have demonstrated marked improvements in glycemic control,significant weight reduction,and substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.Nonetheless,certain adverse effects of GLP-1RAs,such as pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction,have been reported,warranting vigilant monitoring by healthcare professionals.In sum,GLP-1RAs hold significant promise in the management of type 2 diabetes,offering notable cardiovascular and renal advantages.