直链淀粉含量与稻米的糊化温度及胶凝度的关系

测定了169个稻米样品的直链淀粉含量、糊化温度及胶凝度。结果表明：影响稻米蒸煮及食用品质的直链淀粉含量、糊化温度及胶凝度在一定程度上是相关的。一般直链淀粉含量低则糊化温度高而胶凝度较软。除直链淀粉含量外，其它一些因素也影响稻米的糊化温度及胶凝度。

关于低酯果胶胶凝度测定的几个问题

果胶是一种优良的食品添加剂 ,有高酯果胶和低酯果胶之分。对低酯果胶我国尚无明确质量标准。因此 ,了解低酯果胶胶凝度测定方法 ,对高酯果胶和低酯果胶下陷率、加糖率、含糖量及果冻形成机理进行比较和讨论无疑具有重要意义。

果胶粉稳定性研究

目的研究果胶粉存放过程中的稳定性。方法考察pH值、存放时间等因素对果胶粉胶凝度的影响,从而确定适宜的存放条件。结果适宜的存放条件为pH3．3左右,存放时间不超过6个月。结论获得了较佳的果胶粉存放条件,为果胶的生产工艺提供了实验根据。

用微波加热技术从向日葵盘中提取果胶

为提高向日葵低酯果胶产品的胶凝度,探讨从向日葵盘中提取果胶的新方法和优化工艺条件.在酸提取的基础上,采用微波加热的方法水解提取果胶.采用新方法,获得微波加热实践、盐酸用量及水用量的工艺条件.得到平均胶凝度为133°的果胶.

柑橘果皮果胶含量与性质的测定方法

为了研究柑橘果皮果胶在贮藏过程中的品质变化,综述了柑橘果皮中果胶含量与性质(酯化度、胶凝度以及半乳糖醛酸含量)的测定方法,旨在为柑橘果皮有效贮藏以及柑橘果皮果胶的研究和开发提供依据。

柑桔皮提取果胶工艺正交试验研究

本文采用正交试验的方法研究、探讨了由柑桔皮中提取果胶的工艺条件。从反应的液固比、酸度、温度、提胶时间、凝沉淀剂用量等几个方面得出了有益的结论。对利用柑桔皮生产果胶有重要意义。

从柑桔皮中提取果胶的探讨

对从柑桔皮中提取果胶进行了研究和试验 ,讨论了各种因素对果胶质量和提取率的影响 ,找出了较佳的提取工艺条件。

广柑皮中提取果胶的研究

本文论述了从干广柑皮中提制果胶的条件:温度、酸度、提胶时间、加水量及沉淀时酒精用量对果胶得率及胶凝度的影响。对于充分利用原料、维持果胶的常年性生产有重要意义。

喷雾干燥技术对向日葵托盘果胶性能的影响

在果胶的工业生产过程中干燥工艺的选择是与成本及产品性能直接相关的重要环节。选择适合的干燥工艺具有实际的意义。通过常温干燥、加热干燥和喷雾干燥等方法对天然提取果胶进行干燥条件的研究,观察不同干燥条件对果胶得率、胶凝度、色泽、溶解特性等的影响,确定最优干燥条件为喷雾压力0.1MPa、进风温度130℃、出风温度75℃。此条件干燥时间短、成本低、果胶得率及质量好,是一条可行的果胶干燥工艺条件。

从废甜菜丝中提取果胶的研究

以制糖甜菜废丝为原料 ,在酸性条件下提取粗果胶 ,并用化学方法处理 ,使天然甜菜果胶的性质改变 ,即由原来甜菜果胶只能在强碱介质中胶凝改变为在酸性介质中胶凝 ,使其胶凝度大大提高 。

从西瓜皮中提取果胶

我省盛产西瓜,每年夏秋季节都有大量的西瓜皮霉烂变质,白白浪费。其实西瓜皮中有许多可被利用的物质,其中果胶含量7%左右,1吨西瓜皮可提取果胶70公斤,果胶是食品工业的重要原料,销价较贵,所以从西瓜皮中提取果胶是一件有意义的工作.本文重点介绍从西瓜皮中提取果胶的原理和方法.

双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌群落结构分析

为探明双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌群落多样性和组成的演变,获得相关优势菌落的信息,本研究利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)对不同季节不同发酵阶段样品的的细菌进行特异性扩增,并选取主要DNA条带进行克隆、测序和生物信息学分析。结果显示,不同发酵时期带谱差异明显。发酵过程中,培养料中主要有芽孢杆菌属、黄杆菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、Solibacillus、嗜热裂孢菌属、高温双歧菌属和未知分类地位的不可培养细菌。不同季节(春季、冬季)的培养料一次发酵过程中细菌多样性变化趋势相似,且发酵结束时细菌菌落结构相似。双孢蘑菇培养料在发酵过程中细菌群落结构至少经历了3个阶段的演替,即建堆初期、一次发酵阶段和二次发酵阶段。双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌种群丰富,并随着发酵的不同阶段发生演替,种群多样性受环境温度的影响。双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中一直存在的细菌群落与具有木质纤维素降解特性细菌的序列相似度较高,有利于培养料转化为双孢蘑菇栽培基质。

Mechanical properties of anti-seepage grouting materials for heavy metal contaminated soil

Cement-based composite grouting materials were used to construct grouting cutoff wall for heavy metal contaminated soil in non-ferrous metal mining areas. Cement, fly ash, and slag as principal ingredients were mixed with water glass in different ways to produce three composite grouting materials. In order to investigate the effect of water glass mixing ratio, Baume degree, fly ash and slag contents on the mechanical properties of the composite grouting materials, particularly their gel time and compressive strength, the beaker-to-beaker method of gel time test and unconfined compressive strength test were conducted. In addition, the phase composition and microstructure of the composite grouting materials were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscope（SEM） techniques. The test results show that their gel time increases when water glass mixing ratio and Baume degree increase. The gel time increases dramatically when fly ash is added, but decreases slightly if fly ash is partly replaced by slag. When the mixing ratio of water glass is below 20%, their compressive strength increases with the increases of the ratio; when the ratio is above 20%, it significantly decreases. The compressive strength also tends to increase as Baume degree increases, and improves if fly ash and slag are added.

Rheological property and drying mechanism of thermoresponsive gelcasting of ZnO

To solve the problem of drying gelcast green body, the thermoresponsive gel system which contains macromonomer graft chains was used in gelcasting of ZnO. The effects of the amount and length of graft chains macromonomer PIPAAm, the total amount of organic matters, and the solid loading on the rheological properties of suspensions were investigated, and the drying mechanism of gelcast green body was analyzed. The results show that ZnO suspensions with the gel system still display shear- thinning rheological behavior, but its viscosity increases with increasing the addition amount and relative molecular mass of PIPAAm graft chain, and the total organic matter content. The PIPAAm graft chains inhibit or even eliminate the formation of the ＂dense layer” on the surface of gelcast ZnO green bodies, and accelerate the drying of green bodies. The introduction of PIPAAm graft chains facilitates the shrinkage of the gelcast ZnO green bodies, which is a feasible method to increase the relative density of green bodies.

Preparation and evaluation of ophthalmic thermosensitive in situ gels of penciclovir

Aim To develop pluronic F127 （PF127） based formulations of penciclovir （PCV） aimed at enhancing its ocular bioavailability. Methods Thermosensitive in situ gels of penciclovir were prepared through combination of HPMC K4M or carbopol 934P and pluronic F127. Optimized formulations were examined through measuring gelation temperature, rheology speciality, drug release behavior, pharmacokinetics and ocular irritation. Results The gelation temperature was reduced by adding HPMC K4M or carbopol 934P, and the viscosity was enhanced slightly. Either HPMC K4M or carbopol 934P delayed the release of PCV from in situ gel. PCV was released by non-Fickian diffusion. The study of ocular irritation for different PCV formulations did not show any irritation or damage for the cornea. PCV bioavailability from combination of carbopol 934P and pluronic F127 gels was higher than that obtained from any other gels. Conclusion Pluronic F127 formulations of PCV can be used as liquid for administration by instilling into the eye. Facilitated by the appropriate eye temperature, the formulations were transformed to gel phase. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo results, PCV formulations containing HPMC K4M or carbopol 934P and low concentration of pluronic F127 （12%） showed potential for use as a drug delivery system with improved ocular bioavailability.

全汁西瓜酱有开发前景

全汁西瓜酱是以西瓜为原料,添加适量的植物性添加剂,经合理配方,科学加工而成。本产品摒弃历来只用西瓜皮为原料,添加人工合成色素的陈旧工艺。加工只去青皮层和种籽。原料利用率高达95%,加糖量比一般果酱低10%～15%,不添加任何化学合成色素与化学附加剂,保持了西瓜特有的色香味,口感纯正,味美适口,胶凝度良好,流散性适宜,营养丰富,色泽和风味优于苹果酱,是家庭和食品工厂制作夹心馒头、面包、糕点等的理想佳品。因而经济效益高,成本低,具有开发前景。

Crystallization Behavior and Properties of B-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method with Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

Boron-doped zinc oxide transparent （BZO） films were prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the crystallization behavior and properties was systematically investigated. XRD patterns revealed that the BZO films had wurtzite structure with a preferential growth orientation along the c-axis. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the particle size and surface roughness of the BZO films increased, suggesting that pyrolysis temperature is the critical factor for determining the crystallization behavior of the BZO films. Moreover, the carrier concentration and the carrier mobility increased with increasing the pyrolysis temperature, and the mean transmittance for every film is over 90% in the visible range.

Mechanical properties of pervious cement concrete

Compressive and flexural strength,fracture energy,as well as fatigue property of pervious cement concrete with either supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or polymer intensified,were analyzed.Test results show that the strength development of SCM-modified pervious concrete (SPC) differs from that of polymer-intensified pervious concrete (PPC),and porosity has little effect on their strength growth.PPC has higher flexural strength and remarkably higher flexural-to-compressive strength ratio than SPC at the same porosity level.Results from fracture test of pervious concrete mixes with porosity around 19.5% show that the fracture energy increases with increasing the dosage of polymer,reflecting the ductile damage features rather than brittleness.PPC displays far longer fatigue life than SPC for any given failure probability and at any stress level.It is proved that two-parameter Weibull probability function describes the flexural fatigue of pervious concrete.

Response of Microbial Community to Petroleum Stress and Phosphate Dosage in Sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, China

The dynamic microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of oil spills on microbial ecological system in marine sediment and the enhancement of nutrient on the oil removal. The function and structure of microbial community caused by the oil pollution and phosphate dosage were simultaneously monitored by dehydrogenase activity assay and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) techniques. The results indicated that the amount of total bacteria in all dynamic microcosms declined rapidly with incubation time. The number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the activity of sediment dehydrogenase were gradually enhanced by petroleum in the oil-treated microcosms, while they both showed no obvious response to phosphate dosage. In comparison, phosphate spiked heterotrophic bacteria and they showed a significant increase in amount. DGGE profiles indicated that petroleum dosage greatly changed community structure, and the bacteria belonged to class Deltaproteobacteria, and phyla Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were enriched. This study demonstrated that petroleum input greatly impacted the microbial community structure and consequently the marine sediment petroleum-degrading activity was enhanced. Phosphate dosage would multiply heterotrophic bacteria but not significantly enhance the petroleum degradation.