超高压辅助胶束法提取落叶松中二氢槲皮素的工艺优化

为简化二氢槲皮素提取工艺,降低能耗与成本,提高提取效率,促进二氢槲皮素的综合应用,本研究采用黑龙江省的兴安落叶松为原料,运用超高压辅助胶束提取技术提取落叶松中二氢槲皮素,测定落叶松树根、树干等不同部位的二氢槲皮素总含量。以此总含量为基础,对提取胶束进行筛选,采用响应面试验对提取工艺进行优化,考察了料液比、提取压力、提取次数及胶束浓度4种不同因素对二氢槲皮素提取率的影响,并与微波提取、超声提取、回流提取等不同提取工艺进行能耗与CO_(2)排放比较。结果表明,最终确定提取胶束为茶皂素,最佳提取工艺条件为:茶皂素浓度8%,料液比1:11.5,提取压力157 MPa,提取次数3次,保压时间5min,在此最佳条件下重复进行3次实验,二氢槲皮素实际提取率可达84.35%±1.20%,与预测值84.98%基本一致。与其他提取方法相比超高压辅助胶束提取率最高,单位原料的能耗和CO_(2)排放量均为最低,分别为1.71×10^(-4)kW·h·g^(-1),1.34×10^(-4)kg/g。综上,利用超高压辅助胶束绿色溶剂提取技术提取落叶松中二氢槲皮素,绿色环保、操作简单、工艺合理可靠,并且重复性高,可广泛应用。

超高压辅助浊点萃取法提取富集莲子心总生物碱

通过表面活性剂类型、浓度、提取压力、时间、料液比等单因素实验确定了超高压辅助胶束提取的工艺条件,并通过加入NaCl和加热引发体系浊点,诱导双水相分离,实现了莲子心生物碱的富集。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为质量分数5%的OP-10为溶剂,提取压力100 MPa,提取时间1 min,料液比1:20(g/mL),莲子心生物碱的提取率可达到103.6 mg/g。提取液中加入NaCl使其质量分数达到15%,在50℃条件下平衡10 min,两相分离,离心后莲子心生物碱的萃取回收率为70.73%,浓缩系数为8.6。此方法快速高效、环境友好。

Fe_3O_4磁性石墨烯分散固相萃取水中的有机氯污染物

开发负载胶束的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米微粒修饰的石墨烯作为新型分散固相萃取材料,并用于水中有机氯的检测。磁性石墨烯由氧化石墨烯和Fe^(2+)通过氧化还原法一步合成,负载阳离子表面活性剂CTAB形成纳米混合胶束作为提取系统。应用本方法分析水中的29种有机氯,检测限达到1.5~5.0 ng/L,样品加标回收率范围在75.22%~97.15%。复重性的相对标准偏差小于9.995%,与传统的固相萃取法相比,方法的灵敏度提高了50~113倍。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可以同时测定水中多种有机氯农残,适合于大批量样品的测定。

Reverse micelles extraction ofnattokinase:From model system to real system

Nattokinase is a novel fibrinolytic en- zyme, which is homologous to Subtilisin Carlsberg. In this paper, Subtilisin Carlsberg was taken as a model protein of nattokinase. Effects of pH, ionic strength, concentration of isopropanol on the extraction of Subtilisin Carlsberg with AOT/isooctane reverse mi- celles system were investigated. Further, the process of reverse micelles extraction of nattokinase from fermentation broth was studied. By taking the reverse micelles of AOT/isooctane as extractant to perform a full extraction cycle, it was found that about eighty percent of the total activity of nattokinase in the fer- mentation broth could be recovered and the purifica- tion factor was about 2.5. Homologous protein could be reasonably used as model protein of a target protein.