自20世纪初录音设备应用于记录演唱以来,不同时代的女高音曲目有大量的录音档案,它们是研究和分析100多年来歌手们对音乐的独特诠释的宝贵资源。同时,声乐科学为声乐教学提供了更新的应用,如功率谱和电声门图。通过主观的听觉感知对录...自20世纪初录音设备应用于记录演唱以来,不同时代的女高音曲目有大量的录音档案,它们是研究和分析100多年来歌手们对音乐的独特诠释的宝贵资源。同时,声乐科学为声乐教学提供了更新的应用,如功率谱和电声门图。通过主观的听觉感知对录音进行分析,由于个体感官的差异,结果可能不太可靠,而这些仪器都是客观和直接地来分析声乐信号,研究声乐发声原理,并帮助声乐教师处理复杂的声乐问题的方法。文章根据20世纪至今的四个录音时期,选择了四位优秀的女高音演唱的同一首咏叹调,举例说明在曲目中所包含的较低音域中她们对于胸声的运用。同时分别介绍了她们的声乐训练、重要的表演经验,以及演唱所选咏叹调的较低音域的方法。根据Voce Vista (可视语音)的功率谱的数据分析,从而获取不同的录音中收集到的客观具体数据,来确认作者对于所选女高音演唱方面的观点。展开更多
(一) 声区问题的重要性一八八七年英国著名外科医生及权威性声乐理论家马肯齐爵士(Sir Morell Mackenzie)在他所著的《发声器官的卫生学》(Hygiene of the Vocal Organs)一书中宣布了他的研究结论,声称歌唱发声中的声区问题是‘美声唱...(一) 声区问题的重要性一八八七年英国著名外科医生及权威性声乐理论家马肯齐爵士(Sir Morell Mackenzie)在他所著的《发声器官的卫生学》(Hygiene of the Vocal Organs)一书中宣布了他的研究结论,声称歌唱发声中的声区问题是‘美声唱法的全部奥秘’。展开更多
Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of ...Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of laboratory specimens during disturbance behavior. Vocal families had bony （not flexible or segmented） spines, well-developed anterior and/or posterior serrations, and statistically significantly longer spines. We compared morphology of the proximal end of the pectoral spine between vocal and silent species. For vocal taxa, microscopic rounded or bladed ridges or knobs were present on the dorsal process. Most silent species had reduced processes with exclusively smooth, convoluted, or honeycombed surfaces very similar to spine-locking surfaces, or they had novel surfaces （beaded, vacuolated, cobwebbed）. Most callichthyids had ridges but many were silent during disturbance. All doradid, most auchenipterid and most mochokid species were vocal and had ridges or knobs. Within the Auchenipteridae, vocal species had spines with greater weight and serration development but not length. Silent auchenipterids had thin, brittle, distally segmented spines with few microscopic serrations on only one margin and a highly reduced dorsal process lacking any known vocal morphology. Silent auchenipterids are derived and pelagic, while all vocal genera are basal and benthopelagic. This is the first phylogenetic evidence for stridulation mechanism loss within catfishes. Phylogenetic mapping of vocal ability, spine condition, and ecotype revealed the repeated presence of silence and vocal taxa, short and long spines, and ecotype shifts within clades. The appearance and loss of vocal behavior and supporting morphologies may have facilitated diversification among catfishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 73 89 2010].展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to further explore the diagnostic value of breast dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and improve specificity of breast cancer diagnosis.
文摘自20世纪初录音设备应用于记录演唱以来,不同时代的女高音曲目有大量的录音档案,它们是研究和分析100多年来歌手们对音乐的独特诠释的宝贵资源。同时,声乐科学为声乐教学提供了更新的应用,如功率谱和电声门图。通过主观的听觉感知对录音进行分析,由于个体感官的差异,结果可能不太可靠,而这些仪器都是客观和直接地来分析声乐信号,研究声乐发声原理,并帮助声乐教师处理复杂的声乐问题的方法。文章根据20世纪至今的四个录音时期,选择了四位优秀的女高音演唱的同一首咏叹调,举例说明在曲目中所包含的较低音域中她们对于胸声的运用。同时分别介绍了她们的声乐训练、重要的表演经验,以及演唱所选咏叹调的较低音域的方法。根据Voce Vista (可视语音)的功率谱的数据分析,从而获取不同的录音中收集到的客观具体数据,来确认作者对于所选女高音演唱方面的观点。
基金the Barbara-Sussman FundSigma-Xi+1 种基金SUNY-ESFsupported by MIMH training grant 5-T32-MH15793
文摘Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of laboratory specimens during disturbance behavior. Vocal families had bony （not flexible or segmented） spines, well-developed anterior and/or posterior serrations, and statistically significantly longer spines. We compared morphology of the proximal end of the pectoral spine between vocal and silent species. For vocal taxa, microscopic rounded or bladed ridges or knobs were present on the dorsal process. Most silent species had reduced processes with exclusively smooth, convoluted, or honeycombed surfaces very similar to spine-locking surfaces, or they had novel surfaces （beaded, vacuolated, cobwebbed）. Most callichthyids had ridges but many were silent during disturbance. All doradid, most auchenipterid and most mochokid species were vocal and had ridges or knobs. Within the Auchenipteridae, vocal species had spines with greater weight and serration development but not length. Silent auchenipterids had thin, brittle, distally segmented spines with few microscopic serrations on only one margin and a highly reduced dorsal process lacking any known vocal morphology. Silent auchenipterids are derived and pelagic, while all vocal genera are basal and benthopelagic. This is the first phylogenetic evidence for stridulation mechanism loss within catfishes. Phylogenetic mapping of vocal ability, spine condition, and ecotype revealed the repeated presence of silence and vocal taxa, short and long spines, and ecotype shifts within clades. The appearance and loss of vocal behavior and supporting morphologies may have facilitated diversification among catfishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 73 89 2010].
基金Supported by the grant from Guangdong Province Social Development Project (No. 2010133)
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to further explore the diagnostic value of breast dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and improve specificity of breast cancer diagnosis.
