AIM： To explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） targeting angiogenesis against hepatocellular carcinoma in vivio and in vitro. METHODS： Recombinant adenovir...AIM： To explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） targeting angiogenesis against hepatocellular carcinoma in vivio and in vitro. METHODS： Recombinant adenovirus containing kinase domain insert with receptor （KDR） or cytomegalovirus （CMV） promoter-controlled HSV-tk gene （AdKDR-tk and AdCMV-tk） was constructed using pAdeasy system. The expression of KDR antigen in human umbilical venous endothelial cells （HUVEC） and HepG2 was detected with histological analysis of cells. The virus was used to infect HUVEC and HepG2. Following administration of ganciclovir （GCV）, the survival rate of gene-transfected HUVEC and HepG2 was evaluated by MTT method. To develop hepatocarcinomas in 32 Balb/C mice with HepG2 cells, the mice were divided into four groups： ganciclovir group （Ⅰ）, Ad group （Ⅱ）, AdCMV-tk group （Ⅲ） and AdKDR-tk group （Ⅳ）. Then selective administration of recombinant adenovirus or Ad via the intratumorial was given to all rats. Ganciclovir （GCV） was given at a dose of 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 （ip） started on the following day and lasted 10 d. Microvessel density （MVD） of tumor in all the treated animals were examined by the immunohistochemical methods and tumor burden was evaluated 10 d before and alter the last GCV dose.RESULTS： Immunocytochemical staining indicated the expression of KDR antigen in HUVEC. Under adenovirus infection index of 100, with increasing GCV concentration from 0 up to 50 mg/L, the survival rate of AdKDR-tk- transfected HUVEC and HepG2 decreased from 100% to （28.94 ± 5.67）% and （75.45 ± 2.91）% at proper order, respectively （P 〈 0.01）, while the survival rate of AdCMV- tk-transfected HUVEC and HepG2 declined from 100% to （17.56 ± 2.48）% and （23.15± 5.72）%, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with group I, there was a decrease of tumor weight by 14.7% in group Ⅲ and by 23.6% in group Ⅳ. And there was a distinct difference between group M and Ⅳ （P 〈 0.05）. The median MVD for all groups was 37.4 ± 8.6, 30.6 ± 7.8, 27.6 ± 7.1, and 10.7 ± 4.1 （microvessels/mm^2） in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, M and IV, respectively. And there was a marked difference between group M and Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）, Ⅳ and Ⅱ （P 〈 0.01）, and Ⅳ and M （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： KDR promoter-HSV-tk gene may effectually restrain the growth of tumor via targeting angiogenesis for hepatocellular carcinoma with treatment of GCV.展开更多
LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase that directly activates the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） in response to bioenergetic stress, and mainly acts as a tumor suppressor that controls cell polarity a...LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase that directly activates the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） in response to bioenergetic stress, and mainly acts as a tumor suppressor that controls cell polarity and proliferation. Although LKB1 is expressed in multiple tissues including the thymus and the spleen, its roles in T-cell development and function remain unknown. Here, we show that T-cell-specific deletion of LKB1 resulted in reduced survival of double-positive （DP） thymocytes and impaired generation of both CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes. Disruption of LKB1 not only prevented the activation of AMPK but also impaired the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BcI-XL. Importantly, ectopic expression of either BcI-XL or the constitutively active AMPK mutant significantly rescued DP thymocytes from LKB1 deficiency-induced cell death. Moreover, ectopic expression of the constitutively active AMPK mutant was found to restore the expression of BcI-XL in LKB1-deficient DP thymocytes. These findings identify LKB1 as a critical factor for the survival of DP thymocytes through regulation of AMPK activation and Bcl-XL expression.展开更多
Objective： To compare the transferring efficiency and killing effects of one time and continuous mediation with GE7, a non-viral targeted delivery system, in transfection of thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex vi...Objective： To compare the transferring efficiency and killing effects of one time and continuous mediation with GE7, a non-viral targeted delivery system, in transfection of thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus （HSV-tk） into ovarian cancer cells. Methods： GE7 was used to prepare recombinants with β-galactosidase （β-gal） and HSVI-tk; the recombinants were then used to transfect human ovarian cancer line CaOV3 once and continuously. β-gal staining was used to compare the efficiencies of one time and continuous mediation with GE7 system. Ganciclovior （GCV） was introduced into HSVI-tk transfected ovarian cells. Through drawing the cell growth curve and flow cytometry, the killing effects of GCV on once and continuously GE7/HSVI-tk transfected cells were observed. Results： We found that the one time and continuous exogenous gene transfer efficiencies were about 80% and 85%, respectively. When 1 μg/mL GCV was used to treat ovarian cell transfected with HSVI-tk gene, growth inhibiting rates of ovarian cells of one time and continuous transferring were 82% and 90%, respectively; their apoptosis indices were 15 and 30, respectively. Under same GCV concentration, continuous mediation of GE7/pCMV-tk transfection into ovarian cancer cells had more significant inhibitory effect than one time mediation （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Compared with one time mediation, continuous mediation of transfection with GE7 gene delivery system has higher efficiency. Continuous mediation of GE7/HSVI-tk/GCV therapeutic gene system has more powerful killing effect.展开更多
目的探索小鼠淋巴瘤胸腺激酶(tk)位点基因突变试验中血清灭活对结果的影响。方法取对数生长期的小鼠淋巴瘤细胞(L5178Y3.7.2c-tk+/-)设立阴性对照组和阳性对照组,阴性对照组加入100μL DMSO,阳性对照组加入100μL 10μg/m L 4-硝基喹啉(...目的探索小鼠淋巴瘤胸腺激酶(tk)位点基因突变试验中血清灭活对结果的影响。方法取对数生长期的小鼠淋巴瘤细胞(L5178Y3.7.2c-tk+/-)设立阴性对照组和阳性对照组,阴性对照组加入100μL DMSO,阳性对照组加入100μL 10μg/m L 4-硝基喹啉(4-NQO)诱导突变,测定细胞悬浮增长率(SG)、相对悬浮增长率(RSG)、平板效率(PE)、相对存活率(RS)和相对总生长率(RTG)等指标。根据血清灭活与否和选择突变剂三氟胸苷(TFT)的含量,在筛选突变集落过程中,将阴性对照组和阳性对照组各分为:灭活组、未灭活+1.5倍TFT组、未灭活组,测定突变频率(MF),对试验结果进行评价。结果阴性对照组SG在8~32,细胞倍增速度符合试验要求;PE在65%~120%,符合试验成立条件。阳性对照的灭活组、未灭活+1.5倍TFT组、未灭活组中MF均比阴性对照组至少增加300×10-6且小克隆突变频率至少占40%,符合试验要求。阴性对照灭活组的MF数值在标准范围内,未灭活组的MF数值明显高于灭活组,超过标准数值范围,且96孔板中的大小克隆不易区分;阴性对照未灭活+1.5倍TFT组使得MF数值在标准范围内,但远高于灭活组。结论在小鼠淋巴瘤试验中,测定MF的平板一定要用灭活的血清,未灭活血清可能通过抵消TFT作用对结果产生很大影响。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30371386the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 31010
文摘AIM： To explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase （HSV-tk） targeting angiogenesis against hepatocellular carcinoma in vivio and in vitro. METHODS： Recombinant adenovirus containing kinase domain insert with receptor （KDR） or cytomegalovirus （CMV） promoter-controlled HSV-tk gene （AdKDR-tk and AdCMV-tk） was constructed using pAdeasy system. The expression of KDR antigen in human umbilical venous endothelial cells （HUVEC） and HepG2 was detected with histological analysis of cells. The virus was used to infect HUVEC and HepG2. Following administration of ganciclovir （GCV）, the survival rate of gene-transfected HUVEC and HepG2 was evaluated by MTT method. To develop hepatocarcinomas in 32 Balb/C mice with HepG2 cells, the mice were divided into four groups： ganciclovir group （Ⅰ）, Ad group （Ⅱ）, AdCMV-tk group （Ⅲ） and AdKDR-tk group （Ⅳ）. Then selective administration of recombinant adenovirus or Ad via the intratumorial was given to all rats. Ganciclovir （GCV） was given at a dose of 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 （ip） started on the following day and lasted 10 d. Microvessel density （MVD） of tumor in all the treated animals were examined by the immunohistochemical methods and tumor burden was evaluated 10 d before and alter the last GCV dose.RESULTS： Immunocytochemical staining indicated the expression of KDR antigen in HUVEC. Under adenovirus infection index of 100, with increasing GCV concentration from 0 up to 50 mg/L, the survival rate of AdKDR-tk- transfected HUVEC and HepG2 decreased from 100% to （28.94 ± 5.67）% and （75.45 ± 2.91）% at proper order, respectively （P 〈 0.01）, while the survival rate of AdCMV- tk-transfected HUVEC and HepG2 declined from 100% to （17.56 ± 2.48）% and （23.15± 5.72）%, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with group I, there was a decrease of tumor weight by 14.7% in group Ⅲ and by 23.6% in group Ⅳ. And there was a distinct difference between group M and Ⅳ （P 〈 0.05）. The median MVD for all groups was 37.4 ± 8.6, 30.6 ± 7.8, 27.6 ± 7.1, and 10.7 ± 4.1 （microvessels/mm^2） in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, M and IV, respectively. And there was a marked difference between group M and Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）, Ⅳ and Ⅱ （P 〈 0.01）, and Ⅳ and M （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： KDR promoter-HSV-tk gene may effectually restrain the growth of tumor via targeting angiogenesis for hepatocellular carcinoma with treatment of GCV.
基金Acknowledgments We thank X Wu （Fudan University） for LckCre mouse and K Wong （Dana-Farber Cancer Institute） for LKB1 mouse, R Bosselut （National Institutes of Health） and D Li （Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences） for instructive comments on the manuscript We are grateful to our colleagues F Liu for animal husbandry, W Bian for cell sorting and X Wang for real-time PCR analysis. This research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30872290, 30925031）, the Ministry of Science and Technology （2006CB504303, 2007CB815802, 2009ZX 10004-105）, the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China （2007AA02Z167）, the National Basic Research Program of China （2007CB914504） and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX 1-YW-R-43, KSCX2-YW-R-10）.
文摘LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase that directly activates the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） in response to bioenergetic stress, and mainly acts as a tumor suppressor that controls cell polarity and proliferation. Although LKB1 is expressed in multiple tissues including the thymus and the spleen, its roles in T-cell development and function remain unknown. Here, we show that T-cell-specific deletion of LKB1 resulted in reduced survival of double-positive （DP） thymocytes and impaired generation of both CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes. Disruption of LKB1 not only prevented the activation of AMPK but also impaired the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BcI-XL. Importantly, ectopic expression of either BcI-XL or the constitutively active AMPK mutant significantly rescued DP thymocytes from LKB1 deficiency-induced cell death. Moreover, ectopic expression of the constitutively active AMPK mutant was found to restore the expression of BcI-XL in LKB1-deficient DP thymocytes. These findings identify LKB1 as a critical factor for the survival of DP thymocytes through regulation of AMPK activation and Bcl-XL expression.
基金a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No 39800144)
文摘Objective： To compare the transferring efficiency and killing effects of one time and continuous mediation with GE7, a non-viral targeted delivery system, in transfection of thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus （HSV-tk） into ovarian cancer cells. Methods： GE7 was used to prepare recombinants with β-galactosidase （β-gal） and HSVI-tk; the recombinants were then used to transfect human ovarian cancer line CaOV3 once and continuously. β-gal staining was used to compare the efficiencies of one time and continuous mediation with GE7 system. Ganciclovior （GCV） was introduced into HSVI-tk transfected ovarian cells. Through drawing the cell growth curve and flow cytometry, the killing effects of GCV on once and continuously GE7/HSVI-tk transfected cells were observed. Results： We found that the one time and continuous exogenous gene transfer efficiencies were about 80% and 85%, respectively. When 1 μg/mL GCV was used to treat ovarian cell transfected with HSVI-tk gene, growth inhibiting rates of ovarian cells of one time and continuous transferring were 82% and 90%, respectively; their apoptosis indices were 15 and 30, respectively. Under same GCV concentration, continuous mediation of GE7/pCMV-tk transfection into ovarian cancer cells had more significant inhibitory effect than one time mediation （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Compared with one time mediation, continuous mediation of transfection with GE7 gene delivery system has higher efficiency. Continuous mediation of GE7/HSVI-tk/GCV therapeutic gene system has more powerful killing effect.
文摘目的探索小鼠淋巴瘤胸腺激酶(tk)位点基因突变试验中血清灭活对结果的影响。方法取对数生长期的小鼠淋巴瘤细胞(L5178Y3.7.2c-tk+/-)设立阴性对照组和阳性对照组,阴性对照组加入100μL DMSO,阳性对照组加入100μL 10μg/m L 4-硝基喹啉(4-NQO)诱导突变,测定细胞悬浮增长率(SG)、相对悬浮增长率(RSG)、平板效率(PE)、相对存活率(RS)和相对总生长率(RTG)等指标。根据血清灭活与否和选择突变剂三氟胸苷(TFT)的含量,在筛选突变集落过程中,将阴性对照组和阳性对照组各分为:灭活组、未灭活+1.5倍TFT组、未灭活组,测定突变频率(MF),对试验结果进行评价。结果阴性对照组SG在8~32,细胞倍增速度符合试验要求;PE在65%~120%,符合试验成立条件。阳性对照的灭活组、未灭活+1.5倍TFT组、未灭活组中MF均比阴性对照组至少增加300×10-6且小克隆突变频率至少占40%,符合试验要求。阴性对照灭活组的MF数值在标准范围内,未灭活组的MF数值明显高于灭活组,超过标准数值范围,且96孔板中的大小克隆不易区分;阴性对照未灭活+1.5倍TFT组使得MF数值在标准范围内,但远高于灭活组。结论在小鼠淋巴瘤试验中,测定MF的平板一定要用灭活的血清,未灭活血清可能通过抵消TFT作用对结果产生很大影响。
