考虑灵活性供给约束的区域综合能源系统节点边际能价分解分析

高比例分布式可再生能源接入给区域综合能源系统(RIES)的灵活、经济运行带来了巨大挑战。为探究RIES运行灵活性与经济性间的内在机理联系,提出了一种考虑灵活性供给约束的RIES节点边际能价求解方法。首先,构建了市场环境下RIES日前调度模型,该模型重点考虑机组运行灵活性供给约束,包括多能能量供给及多能调节容量约束;然后,基于该模型求解RIES的节点边际能价,并对其进行分解,分析了热电联产机组运行灵活性供给约束对多能能价耦合的影响机理及尖峰价格形成机理;最后,采用电热联合RIES仿真算例进行多场景对比分析,结果表明,所提方法量化了多能运行灵活性供给对节点边际能价的多重影响,有效确定了机组多能灵活性供给的边际成本。

面向能源互联网的热电联供系统节点能价研究

为更准确地体现综合能源系统中不同能源的价值,更好地激励用户合理用能,提出了一种新的多种能源耦合定价机制——节点能价,并在热电联供系统中对节点能价进行了研究。首先,类比节点电价,给出了节点能价的定义和分类。将节点能价分为3部分:生产边际成本、传输阻塞成本和多能耦合成本。建立了热电联供系统的最优潮流模型,采用原对偶内点法进行求解,以电力系统节点功率平衡方程和热力系统节点功率平衡方程所对应的拉格朗日乘子作为各节点的节点电价和节点热价。算例结果表明节点能价很好地解释了综合能源系统中的能源价格影响因素:供能节点能价由生产边际成本和多能耦合成本决定;负荷节点能价在供能节点能价基础上叠加传输阻塞成本。

评价乙烯装置水平的新方法─—能价法

充分考虑了原料和产品对乙烯装置能耗的影响，同时在能耗法的基础上提出一种评价乙烯装置水平的新方法─—能价法。文中给出了能价法的计算公式和应用举例。能价法对于乙烯项目的前期评估、合同谈判的评价和装置运行水平的判别尤为适用。

正确理解和发展劳动价值论——-对《试论劳动功能价值实体》一文的商榷

《广东社会科学》1988年第4期发表《试论劳动功能价值实体》一文,副题《新型劳动价值论初探》（以下简称《试论》）,内容新颖。该文在肯定马克思的劳动价值论揭示了价值实体是人类劳动这一本质问题后,对价值实体是“劳动时间”的观点提出疑议,提出了“劳动功能价值实体”的新论点。这篇文章提出的这一新论点,对于多层次、多侧面地认识劳动价值理论,丰富劳动价值论的思想内容,发展马克思主义经济原理,是有启发的。但是,作者王志华对马克思的“劳动时间论”有误解,许多观点如不加以澄清,会使读者对马克思的理论产生误解。为此,本人就以下问题与作者进行商榷。

利用HYSIM软件编制乙烯能价法的计算机程序

该软件功能：对于乙烯生产装置能耗，在将能量换算标准化的基础上，将不同乙烯原料都转换成当量乙烷的能耗；在全厂产品产值方面，将不同的产品分布都转换成当量乙烯的产品产值，可以对不同原料类型的乙烯厂进行经济效益的比较。该软件生成环境：在ＨＹＳＩＭ软件环境内，依托其丰富的数据库、利用其所具备的ＨＣＬ语言编制而成。

质优也能价廉

漫步市场,优质产品的价格不菲,呈日益上升之势。产品的质优,必须设计质优、材料质优、制作质优,所以,便宜无好货,好货不便宜,一些企业如是说。粗听这话似乎有一定的道理,细细想来便不以为然。 设计质优必然价高吗?长岭机器厂在电冰箱设计时,既追求技术的先进性,又考虑购买的经济性,优化设计,使线路最简、用材最省,使一台电冰箱的成本就降低100多元。事实说明,设计质优价格最低。

一种考虑网络特性的综合能源系统节点能价计算方法

构建了考虑网络特性的综合能源系统模型,对系统真实的边际用能成本进行核算,研究了考虑网络动态特性的综合能源系统节点边际能价求解方法。首先,基于计及能量平衡约束构建了考虑网络特性的综合能源系统模型;然后,基于电网直流潮流模型,通过功率传输分布因子对网损进行分摊,并对节点边际电价进行分解,分解为成本分量、损耗分量、阻塞分量3部分,得到节点边际电价的求解办法,再类比得到了节点气价和节点热价的求解办法;最后通过算例仿真对节点能价进行求解,分析得到当电网某区域发生阻塞后,该处边际价格升高,可以通过节点边际信号来促使阻塞地区用户改变用能行为,从而缓解阻塞。

考虑动态能价及碳证交易的综合能源系统零碳优化

为了促进综合能源系统低碳化运行和清洁能源消纳,提出考虑动态能价及碳证交易的综合能源系统零碳优化模型。首先,引入碳捕集设备与储碳设备,设计综合能源系统的运行结构,并对系统内部各设备的出力进行建模。其次,提出考虑综合因子的能源价格与需求响应价格修正模型。然后,考虑碳交易市场与绿证交易市场的协同,以综合能源系统总运行成本最小为目标函数,构建零碳运行优化模型。最后,以某一区域的综合能源系统为例展开算例分析,算例结果表明所提模型能提高系统的清洁性、低碳性与调节性。

基于能价分析与数理统计基础的火电厂运行综合指标评价办法与实践

火电厂一般把运行小指标竞赛作为机组经济运行的一项重要措施和管理手段。应用能价分析原理把成本煤耗这个新指标作为火电厂运行综合指标竞赛评价的唯一指标,并采用数理统计方法得出综合指标全厂平均运行水平方程(评比基准方程),作为衡量各值综合指标实际水平高低的基准,使评价结果充分反映运行人员的主观努力。该方法在电厂实践中取得了明显成效,克服了长期以来小指标竞赛带来的负面影响,是对运行节能管理的新尝试。

洗扫车高压水系统清洗能力的评价与计算

针对洗扫车行车作业的特点创新性地提出了利用喷嘴打击力、喷杆单位面积打击能量和喷杆单位面积清洗水量这三个参数综合评价洗扫车高压水系统的清洗能力。以某典型洗扫车为例,详细介绍了如何获得以上三个评价参数的计算方法。对清洗喷杆的四种喷嘴布置方案的清洗能力进行对比分析表明,侧喷杆能力明显大于中喷杆,其能力是中喷杆的1.8~2.4倍;将侧喷杆的喷嘴型号由原来的A型更改为B型,使喷杆之间清洗能力差值明显降低,有利于提高路面整体清洗效果。试验测试结果进一步验证了本文方法的正确性。

基于最小变动成本煤耗率的电厂负荷优化分配

在传统的电厂负荷优化分配基础上,引入了能量价值理论和环境成本,推导出与电煤能价比和环境成本相关的机组变动成本煤耗率,建立了机组运行综合评价体系.以电厂变动成本煤耗率最小为目标,对某电厂机组进行负荷优化分配,结果表明:与发电煤耗率相比,采用变动成本煤耗率作为机组负荷优化分配的目标更经济,而且负荷越低,节能效果越显著;电煤能价比减小时,电厂总变动成本煤耗率大幅下降;环境成本会使电厂总变动成本煤耗率升高.

基于演化博弈的区域电–气互联综合能源系统用户需求侧响应行为分析

随着用户侧多能负荷尤其是气-电负荷的耦合程度不断加深,用户需求响应的准确建模及用能行为分析对区域电-气互联综合能源系统的建设至关重要。该文建立了区域电-气互联综合能源系统调度优化模型,通过节点能量平衡方程分析节点能源价格;基于节点能源价格,以用户市场消费剩余量化节点区域用户能源消费的估值,考虑多能用户气、电负荷的可替代性,建立基于演化博弈的需求响应模型;基于演化博弈过程,通过不同的用能策略修订协议进行求解;最后,通过算例对用户响应行为进行推演,分析用户基于演化博弈的用能行为趋势及其对系统的影响。

Functional Assessment of Typical Wetlands in Shangri-La

The development and protection of Shangri-La wetlands in southwestern Yunnan Province is of great significance for the protection of regional biodiversity, ecotourism and regional development. To specify the functions of Shangri-La wetlands, with the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), 7 typical wetlands in Shangri-La (Bita Lake Wetland, Napa Lake Wetland, Shudu Lake Wetland, Dazhongdian Wetland, Xiaozhongdian Wetland, Dahei Lake Wetland, Jinsha River Wetland) were selected for the quantitative analysis of 20 indexes in 3 comprehensive assessment layers (service functions, protective functions and production functions). The results showed that Shangri-La wetlands followed the below sequence in function: Bita Lake Wetland (0.811 4), Shudu Lake Wetland (0.739 3), Napa Lake Wetland (0.695 3), Dahei Lake Wetland (0.659 5), Jinsha River Wetland (0.614 3), Dazhongdian Wetland (0.520 4) and Xiaozhongdian Wetland (0.505 2). As single indexes of those wetlands were compared, it was found that values of certain indexes varied greatly, and value differences among 5 of 20 indexes even reached more than 100%, among which that of water supply capacity and tourism recreational value (164.60%) remained the highest, then water supplementation capacity (121.17%) and habitat stability (109.05%), and others varied between 5.58%-91.10%. The assessment results were similar to actual conditions, thus such a method was proved scientific and practical.

Effect of cerium ion(Ⅲ) on corrosion resistance of organic-inorganic hybrid coating on surface of aluminum-tube used in refrigeration equipment

Organic?inorganic hybrid coating on the surface of aluminum-tube used in refrigeration equipment using cerium ion (III) as the additive was fabricated by sol?gel method, and the structure of the coating was confirmed by FT-IR. The results of the characterization show that the corrosion resistance of the coating with 1.5 mmol/L cerium ion (III) gains significant improvement, in which the colour retention time of CuSO4 extends to 500 s, the anti-acid and alkali corrosion rates reduce by 67% and 70% compared with the blank one, respectively, and the salt spray tests also show good corrosion resistance. The electrochemical tests demonstrate that the self-corrosion current density and potential of the sample with hybrid coating are about 2.877×10?7 A/cm2 and?0.550 V, respectively. The metallographic and SEM images show that the hybrid coating is uniform and dense, and the EDS analysis confirms that the coating is mainly composed of Al, Si and Ce elements.

Preliminary Evaluation on Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Function in Meizhou City

In order to better explore the function of urban forest in human habitation and settlement environment,the ecosystem functions were evaluated in terms of air purification,water conservation,soil conservation,maintenance of biodiversity in Meizhou by the methods of market price,shadow prices approach and opportunity cost,and the problems of the value assessment at home and abroad in urban forest ecosystem services function were simply discussed.

Assessment of Direct Eco-value of Liangzi Lake

[Obective] This study amied to evaluate the direct usage value of Liangzi Lake, like plants and animal resources and water storage value. [Method] It was measured through the market value method. The physical environment was introduced and the productivity of the lake was investigated both through the literature materials and the investigations. The market value method was clarified in this paper as well as its operation process and the application fields. [Result] Based on the introduction of the current situation in Liangzi Lake, the direct usage value was estimated as 1.32 billion Yuan/year. Plant resources value was 318 million Yuan/year; animal resources value was 675 million Yuan/year; and water storage value was 325 million Yuan/year for the three parts. [Conclusion] This paper will attract more attention to the emphasis of the reasonable development of nature sources.

PERFORMANOE EVALUATION OF HT-7 DATA PROOESSING SYSTEM

This paper describes the RTSS simulation-based performance evaluation method during the upgrade of the HT-7 data processing system to a distributed environment. We present the main concepts and steps of the method. Queueing modeling and steady-state operational analysis techniques are also used for analytic modeling. Both simulation and analysis studies on the HT-7 data processing system indicate that in comparison with conventional time-shared systems,a client/server system can significantly reduce the completion time of raw data display,real-time data processing and data transfer in the online system,raise the workload capacity and reduce the average waiting time of the off-line system.

Analysis of the Key Issues about the Regularized Construction of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication Base

Based on winter nursery and shuttle breeding, Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication （HNBM）, with off-season breeding and seed production as the essence, has become a national strategic resource. The way of HNBM rising to the national strategy was analyzed through the aspects of technology features, historical characteristics, irreplaceability, function and value hierarchy, and the key problems. As the major achievement of the practice of scientific research and historical selec- tion, HNBM played an irreplaceable role in the climatic conditions, scientific breed- ing, and seed production in disaster relief, protecting the safety of the seed industry and Iocational advantages. Based on the analysis on the functions, values and ex- isted problems of HNBM, the function and value hierarchical structure of HNBM was established through introducing concepts of value engineering, industrial clusters and regional economy. But to fully achieve the industrial clustering development and functional values of HNBM, it needed to solve the key problems existed in top-level planning, experimental bases, system design, hardware construction and ecological security. Some suggestions were put forward in this paper, including setting up key scientific research protection zones, improving the regulations and policies safeguard mechanism and management system of HNBM, drawing up and carrying out the base development planning of HNBM, and striving for financial support from national policies.

Modeling and performance evaluation of QoS-aware job scheduling of computational grids

To achieve high quality of service （QoS） on computational grids, the QoS-aware job scheduling is investigated for a hierarchical decentralized grid architecture that consists of multilevel schedulers. An integrated QoS-aware job dispatching policy is proposed, which correlates priorities of incoming jobs used for job selecting at the local scheduler of the grid node with the job dispatching policies at the global scheduler for computational grids. The stochastic high-level Petri net （SHLPN） model of a two-level hierarchy computational grid architecture is presented, and a model refinement is made to reduce the complexity of the model solution. A performance analysis technique based on the SHLPN is proposed to investigate the QoS-aware job scheduling policy. Numerical results show that the QoS-aware job dispatching policy outperforms the QoS-unaware job dispatching policy in balancing the high-priority jobs, and thus enables priority-based QoS.

An Exploration of Interpersonal Meanings in Advertising Discourse from Functional Grammar Perspective

Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.