能值型综合能效指数编制的构想

正确测算能源利用效益及其变动是展开节能减排相关研究的前提,编制反映其综合变动的能效指数具有重要意义。基于统计指数的分析框架认为:当前被广泛使用的单位GDP能耗等价值型综合能效指标以及由其计算的综合能效指数存在的问题有:一是价值型综合能效指标的分母计算存在问题;二是价值型综合能效指数易受价格和产品结构影响,这些问题导致其不能正确反映综合单耗的变化。为了弥补上述缺陷,文章提出能值的概念并以其作为同度量因素编制能值型综合能效指数,给出了该指数的计算方法及其更优性的论证。分析了如何对该指数进行因素分解并给出相应的经济解释。

基于生态能值分析的山东省旅游业可持续发展研究

运用生态能值分析的理论与方法,对山东省旅游系统生态能值进行测算分析,结果表明:山东省旅游能值转化率较高,旅游经济处于财富正向流入状态;山东旅游整体环境负载率相对较低,处于较好水平;山东旅游业可持续发展能值指数处于中间档次,仍有较大的发展潜力和提升空间。为进一步提升山东省旅游业可持续发展水平,应加大对可再生资源的开发与利用,强化旅游从业人员和游客的环保意识,加强山东省区域特色旅游品牌建设,深度开发休闲旅游项目并实施精准营销。

基于能值分析的延边城市生态系统健康评价

以延边朝鲜族自治州为研究对象,基于信息熵权与集对分析相结合的能值分析方法,通过2004—2010年和2011—2017年2个时间段的统计数据平均值,对延边城市生态系统健康进行评估。结果表明:延边城市生态系统健康指数呈转好趋势,各城市间能值指数差距缩小,“健康”级别城市数量增加,“病态”级别城市转变为“不健康”;但各城市之间健康水平仍然存在一定的差异,延吉市和珲春市处于“健康”级别,图们市和敦化市处于“亚健康”状态,龙井市、和龙市、汪清县和安图县则处于“不健康”级别,并无城市处于“病态”级别。未来,延边要加强城市生态系统建设,缩小各个城市之间的差距,提升城市生态系统健康状态。该研究不仅能够明确延边城市生态系统健康状态,而且能够为未来延边城市生态系统的健康发展以及可持续发展政策的制定提供科学依据。

区域水生态经济系统能值分析

以某区域水生态经济系统为研究对象,通过计算系统内外的生态经济投入产出,基于一系列能值指标,探讨区域水生态系统的经济状况、水资源开发和系统可持续性。在传统指标的基础上,提出了基于能值综合的水生态经济系统评价的理论框架和方法,遵循系统评价的原则,制定水能值比、水能值利用率、水能值自给率、水能值密度4个新指标,对区域水资源开发状况进行定量评价,有助于地方政府以有效和高效的方式管理水环境。

基于耕地能值⁃生态足迹的耕地休耕规模研究--以贵州省松桃县为例

区域耕地休耕规模测算是耕地休耕空间配置的重要组成部分,从资源承载力视角理解,其本质是将休耕空间布局于耕地资源承载力相对较低的区域。立足于从区域耕地生态经济系统探索耕地休耕规模,运用能值分析方法和生态足迹方法,以生态严重退化地区、国家第一批休耕试点县的贵州省松桃县为案例区,修正了耕地能值生态足迹改进模型(EC和EF,简称“修正模型”)与耕地能值可持续指数(ESIcl),测算了松桃县2016年休耕面积范围值。结果表明:(1)耕地能值生态盈亏可以作为乡镇是否应该休耕的判定标准,基于此测算的最大休耕面积关键在于测算生态耕地面积。总体来看,全县耕地能值生态赤字,应该安排耕地休耕;从分乡镇来看,有3个乡镇可以不休耕、25个乡镇应该休耕。按照全县平均统计(SCAL)和按照分乡镇统计(STL),全县最大休耕面积分别19558.62hm^(2)和17673.83hm^(2)。最大休耕面积中等及以上等级的乡镇散布于4个区域的8个乡镇。(2)ESIcl可以作为休耕乡镇时序的判定标准,其优先休耕乡镇的最大休耕面积之和即为全县最小休耕面积。全县ESIcl偏低,应该适度休耕。优先休耕、适度休耕和暂不休耕的乡镇分别有2个、23个和3个。全县最小休耕面积1396.10hm^(2),占耕地面积的1.88%。按照全县平均统计(SCAL),全县休耕面积范围值1396.10-19558.62hm^(2),占总耕地面积的1.88%-26.34%;按照分乡镇统计(STL),全县休耕面积1396.10-17673.83hm^(2),占总耕地面积的1.88%-23.8%。修正模型和ESIcl为测算区域休耕规模提供了更加科学的技术方法,以期为其他类似区域开展休耕实践提供借鉴。

综合智慧能源多维绩效评价指标研究综述

综合智慧能源作为能源互联网产业发展的重要业态,已成为促进可再生能源利用、提高能源系统能效与降低用能成本的重要抓手。但当前综合智慧能源概念边界模糊,且具有多元主体博弈、异质能流耦合集成、技术路线复杂多样的特征。因此,科学、系统、可操作的绩效评价是保障综合智慧能源规划设计、优化决策与项目经济效益的必要理论指导。在综述综合智慧能源相关评价体系的基础上,从能源利用、环境友好、经济社会以及综合智慧4个维度,以园区或区域综合智慧能源为对象,归纳评述了当前综合智慧能源绩效评价的多维度指标。一是明确了41个定量及定性绩效评价指标的定义、计算方式以及指标的正逆性,并对指标进行了图形化分类与归纳;二是研判了可再生能源替代率、利用率、渗透率等相似指标的区别及其应用场景,指明了包括能值可持续指数、需求侧互动等综合智慧能源未来应侧重的评价指标。同时,系统阐述了综合智慧能源绩效评价体系的非劣解、归一化和赋权重等架构方式以及绩效评价的步骤,并从学术研究、产业应用以及标准化方面对综合智慧能源绩效指标进行了展望。

Six—Parameter Exponential—Type Potential and the Identity for the Exponential—Type Potentials

We propose a six-parameter exponential-type potential (SPEP), which has been shown to be a shape-invariant potential with a translation of parameters. For this reducible potential, the exact energy levels are obtained byusing the supersymmetric shape invariance technique. Choosing appropriate parameters, four classes of exponential-typepotentials and their exact energy spectra are reduced from the SPEP and a general energy level formula, respectively.Each class shows the identity except for the different definitions of parameters.

Numerical simulation of intelligent compaction for subgrade construction

During the compaction of a road subgrade, the mechanical parameters of the soil mass change in real time, but current research assumes that these parameters remain unchanged. In order to address this discrepancy, this paper establishes a relationship between the degree of compaction K and strain ε. The relationship between the compaction degree K and the shear strength of soil(cohesion c and frictional angle φ) was clearly established through indoor experiments. The subroutine UMAT in ABAQUS finite element numerical software was developed to realize an accurate calculation of the subgrade soil compaction quality. This value was compared and analyzed against the assumed compaction value of the model, thereby verifying the accuracy of the intelligent compaction calculation results for subgrade soil. On this basis, orthogonal tests of the influential factors(frequency, amplitude, and quality) for the degree of compaction and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Finally, the ‘acceleration intelligent compaction value’, which is based on the acceleration signal, is proposed for a compaction meter value that indicates poor accuracy. The research results can provide guidance and basis for further research into the accurate control of compaction quality for roadbeds and pavements.

Valuation of Lake and Marsh Wetlands Ecosystem Services in China

Wetlands are highly productive natural ecosystems, providing valuable goods and services. There is growing interest in transferring ecosystem service value from the existing wetlands studied to other wetlands ecosystems at a large geographic scale. The benefit transfer method uses the known values from wetlands to predict the value of other wetland sites. This methodology requires only limited time and resources. The present study calculated the value of the ecological services provided by lake and marsh wetlands in China in terms of biodiversity indices, water quality indices and economic indices. Basic data on wetlands were obtained through remote sensing images. The results show that: 1) The total ecosystem service value of the lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 was calculated to be 8.1841 × 1010 United States Dollars(USD), with the marsh and lake wetlands contributing 5.6329 × 1010 and 2.5512 × 1010 USD, respectively. Values of marsh ecosystem service were concentrated in Heilongjiang Province(2.5516 × 1010 USD), Qinghai Province(1.2014 × 1010 USD), and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(1.1884 × 1010 USD). The value of the lakes were concentrated in Tibet Autonomous Region(6.223 × 109 USD), Heilongjiang(5.810 × 109 USD), and Qinghai(5.500 × 109 USD). 2) Waste treatment and climate regulation services contributed to 26.29% and 24.74% respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the marsh wetlands. Hydrological regulation and waste treatment contributed to 41.39% and 32.75%, respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the lake wetlands. 3) The total ecological service value of the lake and marsh wetlands was 54.64% of the total service value of natural grassland ecosystems and 30.34% of the total service value of forests ecosystems in China.

Emergy Evaluation of Agro-ecosystem of Shiyang River Basin,Northwestern China

This paper presents an ecological analysis of agricultural systems in arid region of Northwestern China. Emergy analysis, a method for environmental accounting developed by H.T. Odum in the Eighties, is appropriate for this task because of its ability to transform different types of inputs to a common form （solar emergy） in order to allow scientific and objective comparisons across different period and regions. Taking Liangzhou and Minqin oases, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River basin in Gansu province as a case study, the detailed structure of the agricultural process, input/output and emergy indicators of the systems are examined and compared for the years 1986 and 2000. Both the total emergy input and the total yield increased in the two oases. In Liangzhou Oasis the emergy of livestock production exceeded the traditional crop production, which still is the dominant production in Minqin Oasis. The emergy investment ratio, EIR, although increased in the investigated period, was less than 0.5 in both Liangzhou and Minqin oases, indicating that purchased materials and services were less than half the value of indigenous emergy sources exploited. As a consequence, the emergy yield ratio, EYR, was very high in both Liangzhou and Minqin oases. However, the increasing environmental loading ratio, ELR, and the decreasing environmental sustainability index, ESI, in the two oases illustrate a weakening sustainability of the two agro-ecosystems, and this tendency was more evident in the downstream Minqin Oasis, calling for more attention to the environmental degradation in the region.

Best constants of harmonic approximation of some convolution classes associated with Laplace operator in d-variables

In this paper,we consider the best EFET(entire functions of the exponential type) approximations of some convolution classes associated with Laplace operator on R d and obtain exact constants in the spaces L1(R2) and L2(Rd).Moreover,the best constants of trigonometric approximations of their analogies on Td are also gained.