基于合拢系统理论的单元型组织特征及能力机理

零时间企业的组织形式是基于合拢系统理论(Holonic system theory)构建的单元型组织(Cellular organization)。现有的研究缺乏对单元型组织的特征及能力机制的探讨。通过以合拢理论为基础,阐述了单元型组织的内涵,分析了单元型组织的4个主要合拢特征,并探讨了单元型组织的3种即时运作能力机理。

培育机理认知能力的课堂教学实践研究

以机理认知能力的培育为线索,通过OBE理念下对《烹饪工艺学》课堂教学设计及实施的教学实验,采用"实践—反思"的教育质性研究方法,对机理认知能力培育的理念、方法、路径及有效性展开了探讨,并从如何确定关键环节,怎样开展机理认知能力的培育,学生的反馈三个方面,报告了实验结果。

国家创新策源能力构建:内涵、基础与途径

国家创新策源能力建设是构建一体化国家创新体系的必然途径。为此,对国家创新策源能力构建机理展开研究。首先,对国家创新策源能力的概念进行界定;其次,将能力构建的基础分为创新需求、创新要素、创新环境3个方面;最后,从开展协同创新、发挥区位优势、推进学科交叉和用好政策工具4个方面阐述能力构建的现实途径。中国具备创新发生的良好基础和巨大潜力,通过科学合理的途径进行创新策源能力建设,不仅能够打破西方的技术垄断,更能走出一条具有中国特色的创新发展之路。

基于知识能力集成的重大决策支持系统研究

提出基于知识能力集成的重大决策支持系统的命题;并通过图表分析知识能力集成的过程及其与重大决策支持的关系,概要地提出这一理论框架。即高级知识库、专家库和其他硬件环境建设是其前提,专家互补配置、激发专家潜力及正确方法引导为手段的能力集成则是其关键;知识能力集成条件包括配套体制建设、重大决策支持平台建设和优化管理三方面。

Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

基于隶属度模糊最小二乘支持向量机的工序能力预测

提出了一种基于隶属度模糊最小二乘支持向量机(FLS-SVM)的时间序列预测新方法。一方面,该方法较好地解决了小样本学习问题,避免了人工神经网等智能方法在对小批量生产工序能力进行预测时所表现出来的过学习、泛化能力弱等缺点;另一方面,由于对于历史数据实行的重近轻远的原则,使得该方法预测精度高且容易实现。实验表明,该方法具有很好的有效性与实用性。

抗高温高强度恶性漏失堵漏凝胶室内研究

钻井作业过程中，时常会遇到大裂缝性或溶洞性恶性漏失地层。能否有效封堵，决定着钻井作业安全与否和作业成本的高低。恶性漏失因为漏失空间大、连通性好、存在地层水冲稀、漏层温度高、堵漏浆体难滞留等因素，一般化学堵漏剂难以奏效。研制了一种新型凝胶堵漏浆体来解决以上难题。通过实验确定了高分子有机物作为成胶聚合物，有机酸作为有机交联剂，刚性颗粒及架桥纤维作为支撑剂的抗高温高强度堵漏凝胶配方。在室内对凝胶进行了流变性、抗温性、膨胀性、韧性、黏壁性和封堵性的评价，可知该凝胶具有良好流动性，抗温可达150℃，抗地层水冲稀，膨胀性好，黏弹性及黏壁性良好，可有效粘附岩石表面承压封堵。该凝胶能有效封堵1～5mm缝宽的不同缝型的钢铁裂缝岩心，封堵承压能力强，为封堵恶性漏失提供了可行、有效的方法。

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-2Er alloy

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-2Er alloy at room temperature （RT） and high temperature （HT） were investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were studied by OM, SEM and MTS material tester. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties are improved after the ultrasonic vibration. The best effects of ultrasonic vibration on microstructure and mechanical properties were obtained with the ultrasonic vibration power of 600 W and time of 100 s. The cavitation and acoustic streaming caused by ultrasonic treatment play a major role in refining the microstructure and increasing mechanical properties of the alloy.

基于能力生成机理的装备保障系统能力评估指标体系研究

针对传统装备保障系统能力评估指标体系存在的局限性,剖析装备保障能力生成机理,提出了"静态能力+动态能力"评估内容框架。运用ANP理论,从复杂系统角度构建了网络结构的评估指标体系,以反映装备保障系统复杂的内部关系,并研究了指标的度量条件。

ACTUATOR OF LARGE DISPLACEMENT RAINBOW CERAMICS

A new and unique processing method for fabricating stress biased, monolithic ceramic elements for large dis placement actuators is reported. Reduced and internally bised oxide wafer (RAINBOW) ceramics show excellent properties such as high displacement under applied electric field and enhanced load bearing capabilities. The actuating mechanism, structure and properties of the RAINBOW ceramics are reviewed. Finally, the developing direction is also discussed.

Preparation, formation mechanism and mechanical properties of multilayered TiO_2-organic nanocomposite film

Ti O2-organic multilayered nanocomposite films were deposited on a self-assembled monolayer-coated silicon substrate based on layer-by-layer technique and chemical bath deposition method by a hydrolysis of Ti Cl4 in an acid aqueous solution. The chemical compositions, surface morphologies and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and nanoindentation depth-sensing technique, respectively. The results indicate that the major chemical compositions of the films are Ti and O. The principal mechanism for the nucleation and growth of the films is homogeneous nucleation, and the layer number of films has great influence on the surface morphology and roughness of the films. In addition, mechanical nanoindentation testing presents a significant increase in hardness and fracture toughness of titanium dioxide multilayered films compared with single-layer titanium dioxide thin film.

Study on Absorptive Capacity to Formaldehyde and Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Scindapsus aureus Based on the Regulation of LaCl_3

[Objective] This study was to analyze LaCl3 sprayed onto Scindapsus au- reus on Chlorophyll content and plasmamembrane permeability of leaves of Scindap- sus aureus, in order to determinate a suitable dosage of LaCl3. [Method] With Scindapsus aureus as the test subject, 110 households of 20 communities in the New District of Nantong were selected to investigate formaldehyde concentration in indoor air; and effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, its physiological and biochemical mechanism of formaldehyde resistance was studied. [Result] The re- sults showed that formaldehyde pollution of indoor air was serious in the New District of Nantong, and the degree of pollution was related to the time after decoration. The suitable concentration of LaCl3 for Scindapsus aureus was 20 mg/L. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus, which was calculated by per unit leaf area, was enhanced after spraying the suitable concentration of LaCl3 by 19.75%. When Scindapsus aureus was stressed by formaldehyde, chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability and cumulative MDA amount increased by 8.17% and 56.92%, respectively, and POD activity increased by 11.32%. However, by com- paring the group pre-sprayed with LaCl3 and the group not sprayed with LaCl3 under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of Scindapsus aureus reduced lessly, mem- brane permeability and MDA both increased lessly, while POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] This study provides a new thinking direction for broadening of rare earth application and control measures of indoor air pollution.

Basic theory research of coal spontaneous combustion

Discussed latest research results of basic theory research of coal spontaneous combustion in detail,with quantum chemical theory and method and experiment syste- matically studied chemical structure of coal molecule,adsorption mechanism of coal sur- face to oxygen molecule and chemical reaction mechanism and process of spontaneous combustion of organic macromolecule and low molecular weight compound in coal from microcosmic view,and established complete theoretical system of the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion.

Microstructure and properties of probeless friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The AZ31 magnesium alloy with a thickness of 1.8 mm was welded by the probeless friction stir spot welding process without Zn interlayer.The influence of process parameters on joint microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by using different rotating speeds and dwell time.Microstructure of joints is divided into three regions:stir zone,thermomechanically-affected zone and heat-affected zone.With the increase of rotation speed and dwell time,the depth of stir zone gradually increases,and hook defects extend from the interface of two plates to the surface of the upper plate.The tensile shear strength of joints and two fracture modes(shear fracture and plug fracture)are closely related to hook defects.The maximum tensile shear strength of the joint is 4.22 kN when rotation speed and dwell time are 1180 r/min and 9 s,respectively.Microhardness value and its fluctuation in upper sheet are evidently higher than those of the lower sheet.

Seismic behavior and mechanism analysis of innovative precast shear wall involving vertical joints

To study the seismic performance and load-transferring mechanism of an innovative precast shear wall(IPSW) involving vertical joints, an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were successively conducted on two test walls. The test results confirm the feasibility of the novel joints as well as the favorable seismic performance of the walls, even though certain optimization measures should be taken to improve the ductility. The load-transferring mechanism subsequently is theoretically investigated based on the experimental study. The theoretical results show the load-transferring route of the novel joints is concise and definite. During the elastic stage, the vertical shear stress in the connecting steel frame(CSF) distributes uniformly; and each high-strength bolt(HSB)primarily delivers vertical shear force. However, the stress in the CSF redistributes when the walls develop into the elastic-plastic stage. At the ultimate state, the vertical shear stress and horizontal normal stress in the CSF distribute linearly; and the HSBs at both ends of the CSF transfer the maximum shear forces.

RHEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS OF COAL AND GAS OUTBURST MECHANISM

The existing bypotheses of coal and gas outburst mechanism are all based on the elasticity mechanies. Since they have not taken time factor into eonsideration, these hypotheses can not give a satisfactory explanation of the oceurrence and development of the outburst. A creep mathematital model of gas-contaming coal,which can better expdri the phenomenon of coal and methane outbursts,has been set up through creep tests and analyses under the condition of triaxiai compression.The tests have proved that there isn’ t essential difference between the rheological properties of outburst prone coal and non-outburst prone coal. Outburst can happen in any kind of coal if the rheologicai conditions exist. The creep mathematital model provides a soild foundation for establlshing a comprebcnsive criterion of coal and gas outburst.

Effect of solution plus aging heat treatment on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of near-β titanium alloy

The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of a Ti.5Al.5Mo.5V.3Cr.1Zr (Ti-55531) alloy after solution (760.820℃) plus aging (580.640℃) treatments were investigated. The results show that the volume fraction of the primary α(αp) phase decreases with the increase of solution temperature, and the length of the secondary α phase (αs) decreases while its width increases with the increase of aging temperature. Yield and tensile strengths decrease with the increase of solution temperature, while increase with the increase of aging temperature. A good balance of tensile strength and ductility of the alloy is obtained under solution of 800℃ for 2 h plus aging of 640℃ for 8 h, in which the tensile strength is 1434 MPa and the elongation is 7.7%. The coarsening αs phase makes crack propagation paths deflected and tortuous, which increases the crack propagation resistance and improves the ductility and fracture toughness.

Adsorption of oil from waste water by coal:characteristics and mechanism

The work described here was focused on exploring the potential application of coal to purification of oily waste water.Coal was added to oily waste water as an adsorbent and then removed through a flotation process.This allowed economical and highly efficient separation of oil from the waste water.The absorption time,coal type,coal particle size distribution,pH value and oil concentration were investigated.The results indicate that oil absorption by a coal increases for a period of 1.5 h and then gradually tends toward an equilibrium value.It appears that the absorption capacity of anthracite is more than that of lean coal or lignite,given the same coal particle size distribution.The absorption capacity of a coarse coal fraction is less than that of finer coal,given the same of coal type.The absorption capacity of anthracite decreases slightly as the pH increases from 4 to 9.The adsorption of oil on anthracite follows the Freundlich isothermal adsorption law:given initial oil concentrations of 160.5 or 1023.6 mg/L the absorption capacity was 23.8 or 840.0 mg/g.The absorption mechanism consists of two kinds of absorption,a physical process assisted by a chemical one.

Simulation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-Y alloys: Effect of trace Y

The influence of trace Y on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg_(100−x)Y_(x)(x=0.25,_(0.75),1.5,3,4,5,at.%)alloys during solidification process was investigated via molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The results show that the Mg_(100−x)Y_(x) alloys are mainly characterized by a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystal structure;this is different from pure metal Mg,which exhibits a hexagonal close packed(HCP)structure at room temperature.Among these alloys,Mg_(99.25)Y_(0.75) has a larger proportion of FCC cluster structures,with the highest fraction reaching 56.65%.As the content of the Y increases up to 5 at.%(Mg95Y5 alloy),the amount of amorphous structures increases.The mechanical properties of the Mg_(100−x)Y_(x) alloys are closely related to their microstructures.The Mg_(99.25)Y_(0.75) and Mg_(97)Y_(3) alloys exhibit the highest yield strengths of 1.86 and 1.90 GPa,respectively.The deformation mechanism of the Mg−Y alloys is described at the atomic level,and it is found that a difference in the FCC proportion caused by different Y contents leads to distinct deformation mechanisms.

Doppler study of hepatic vein in cirrhotic patients:Correlation with liver dysfunction and hepatic hemodynamics

AIM: To elucidate the significance of Doppler measurements of hepatic vein in cirrhotic patients and to correlate with liver dysfunction and hepatic hemodynamics. METHODS: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis and 60 non-cirrhotic controls were studied. Doppler waveforms were obtained from right hepatic vein and flow velocity measured during quiet respiration. Doppler measurements were also obtained from portal trunk, right portal vein and proper hepatic artery. RESULTS: Hepatic vein waveforms were classified into three classical patterns. Flat waveform was uncommon. Mean hepatic vein velocity was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients (12.7 ± 6.4 vs 5.1 ± 2.1 and 6.2 ± 3.2 cm/s; P < 0.0001). The poorer the grade of cirrhosis, the higher was the mean velocity. Maximum forward velocity was never greater than 40 cm/s in controls. Degree of ascites was found to be highly correlated with mean velocity. “Very high” group (≥ 20 cm/s) presented clinically with moderate to massive ascites. Correlations between right portal flow and mean velocity was significant (P < 0.0001, r = 0.687). CONCLUSION: Doppler waveforms of hepatic vein, which is independent of liver dysfunction, should be obtained during normal respiration. Mean hepatic vein velocity reflects the change in hepatic circulation associated with progression of liver cirrhosis. It can be used as a new parameter in the assessment of liver cirrhosis.