动力系统能功特性的在线监测

分析了动力系统的能源流程和能流量—电功率特性,提出了动力系统能功特性在线监测的原理和方法,对建设智能动力系统、加强系统能耗管理具有重大意义。

柔性护坦与孔口及筛网结合消能功在拦河闸的应用

文章介绍了柔性护坦与孔口及筛网结合消能功在长春曙光拦河闸的应用,并在此基础上通过计算分析得出:该结构可缩短池长及消除波浪,结构安全,造价低,实践中具有可行性。

脂肪肝患者血脂、肝功能指标改变的分析

目的探讨血脂及肝功能指标与脂肪肝的相关性，为临床提供依据。方法选取2009年6月一2012年6月在笔者所在医院体检者308例，行B超检查，其中脂肪肝患者124例，标为观察组；无异常者184例，标为对照组。对两组患者的血脂及肝功能进行对比分析，血脂检查包括：TG、TC、HDL—C、LDL—C；肝功能包括：TBA、TBil、CHE、ALT、GGT。结果观察组TG、CHE、TBA水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；TC、ALT、GGT水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；而TBil、HDL—C、LDL—C水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论脂肪肝不仅影响血脂，造成血清TG、TC代谢紊乱，而且损伤肝细胞，导致TBA、CHE分泌异常。

辨证运用中药结肠透析治疗慢性肾功能衰竭120例报告

目的:观察中药辨证结肠透析的临床疗效。方法:120例慢性肾功能衰竭患者进行中药辨证结肠透析疗法,同时设以西医常规治疗的50例为对照组,两组均以4周为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程评定疗效。结果:治疗组有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:提示中药辨证结肠透析为治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的有效方法。

Evaluation of the impacts of adaptive cruise control system on improving fuel efficiency of urban road traffic

The impact of the adaptive cruise control（ ACC）system on improving fuel efficiency is evaluated based on the vehicle-specific power. The intelligent driver model was first modified to simulate the ACC system and it was calibrated by using empirical traffic data. Then, a five-step procedure based on the vehicle-specific power was introduced to calculate fuel efficiency. Five scenarios with different ACC ratios were tested in simulation experiments, and sensitivity analyses of two key ACC factors affecting the perception-reaction time and time headway were also conducted. The simulation results indicate that all the scenarios with ACC vehicles have positive impacts on reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, from the perspective of fuel efficiency, the extremely small value of the perception-reaction time of the ACC system is not necessary due to the fact that the value of 0.5 and 0.1 s can almost lead to the same reduction in fuel consumption. Finally, the designed time headway of the ACC system is also proposed to be large enough for fuel efficiency, although its small value can increase capacity. The findings of this study provide useful information for connected vehicles and autonomous vehicle manufacturers to improve fuel efficiency on roadways.

Differences in functional traits and reproductive allocations between native and invasive plants

Because co-occurring native and invasive plants are subjected to similar environmental selection pressures,the differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants may be closely related to the success of the latter.Accordingly,this study examines differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants in Eastern China.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants were all notably higher than those of native species.Additionally,the specific leaf area(SLA)values of invasive plants were remarkably lower than those of native species.Plasticity indexes of SLA,maximum branch angle,and branch number of invasive plants were each notably lower than those of native species.The reproductive allocation coefficient was positively correlated with reproductive branch number and the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio but exhibited negative correlations with SLA and aboveground biomass.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants may strongly influence the success of their invasions.

Branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio value as a potential prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma

The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on tumor extension as well as hepatic function.Hepatic functional reserve is recognized as a factor affecting survival in the treatment of HCC;the ChildPugh classif ication system is the most extensively used method for assessing hepatic functional reserve in patients with chronic liver disease,using serum albumin level to achieve accurate assessment of the status of protein metabolism.However,insuff icient attention has been given to the status of amino acid(AA) metabolism in chronic liver disease and HCC.Fischer's ratio is the molar ratio of branched-chain AAs(BCAAs:leucine,valine,isoleucine) to aromatic AAs(phenylalanine,tyrosine) and is important for assessing liver metabolism,hepatic functional reserve and the severity of liver dysfunction.Although this ratio is diff icult to determine in clinical situations,BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratio(BTR) has been proposed as a simpler substitute.BTR correlates with various liver function examinations,including markers of hepatic f ibrosis,hepatic blood flow and hepatocyte function,and can thus be considered as reflecting the degree of hepatic impairment.This manuscript examines the literature to clarify whether BTR can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment of HCC.

Service Function Chain in Small Satellite-Based Software Defined Satellite Networks

Software Defined Satellite Networks(SDSN) are proposed to solve the problems in traditional satellite networks, such as time-consuming configuration and inflexible traffic scheduling. The emerging application of small satellite and research of SDSN make it possible for satellite networks to provide flexible network services. Service Function Chain(SFC) can satisfy this need. In this paper, we are motivated to investigate applying SFC in the small satellite-based SDSN for service delivery. We introduce the structure of the multi-layer constellation-based SDSN. Then, we describe two deployment patterns of SFC in SDSN, the Multi-Domain(MD) pattern and the Satellite Formation(SF) pattern. We propose two algorithms, SFP-MD, and SFP-SF, to calculate the Service Function Path(SFP). We implement the algorithms and conduct contrast experiments in our prototype. Finally, we summarize the applicable conditions of two deployment patterns according to the experimental results in terms of hops, delay, and packet loss rate.

Metaphor in expressing emotions

As a most generally accepted device of rhetorical purposes, metaphor or metaphorical language is thought to be the seasoning of language. While this paper presents some existing proof to illustrate far more use of metaphorical language and the functions of metaphor in English language.

Curing Behaviors and Thermal Properties of Dimer Fatty Acid （DFA） Modified Multifunctional Epoxy Resin

In order to improve the toughness of the cured aromatic tetrafunctional epoxy resins, a dlmer rarboxylic acid named dlmer fatty acid （DFA） was used to modify an aromatic tetrafunctional epoxy, N, N, N＇, N＇-tetraglycidyl-2,2-bis [ 4-（ 4-aminophcuoxy ） phenyl ] propane （TGBAPP）. The curing behaviors of DFA- TGBAPP/MNA （ methyl nadic anhydride） systems were studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） method. And the thermal properties of the cured epoxy resin were investigated with the thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）. Besides, the toughness was characterized with the impact strength tested by charpy impact testing. The results indicated that the modification would improve the curing reactions, and the curing temperatures were decreased with the increasing content of DFA. The thermal properties were not influenced obviously, and the toughness could be improved when the epoxy resin was modified with DFA.

Shakespeare＇s Language Strategies in Hamlet

This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark （1603）. Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with in order to give them genuine or assumed identities. The linguistic register of the three major characters of Claudius, the Ghost, and Hamlet is explored in light of the Elizabethan cultural context. This concern with these three characters stems from the basic assumption of the paper that the play is a struggle between Claudius and the Ghost over Hamlet. Claudius speaks the language of a monarch which is informed by the code of society; the Ghost, who used to speak such language of sovereignty while alive, speaks a language of the dead informed by a newly acquired experience not familiar to human beings. On the other hand, Hamlet＇s use of language is the most peculiar in the play. His register keeps changing according to his tragic growth and his readiness for action. The study indicates that the language functions Shakespeare utilizes in Hamlet are numerous. Language is used creatively for a variety of purposes in addition to communication. The playwright employs language as a shield for self-defense, a tool for defining and hiding identity and misleading and manipulating others, a means of search for reality, and a tool for punishment, among other functions. The study findings invite further research into Shakespeare＇s use of language in his plays. No detailed in-depth studies of Shakespearean language and its implications exist.

Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia

AIM:To evaluate the effect of prokinetic drugs on electrogastrography(EGG) parameters according to symptomatic changes in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Seventy-four patients with FD were prospectively enrolled in this study between December 2006 and December 2010.We surveyed the patients using a questionnaire on dyspeptic symptoms before and after an 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.We also measured cutaneous pre-prandial and postprandial EGG recordings including percentage of gastric waves(normogastria,bradygastria,tachygastria),dominant frequency(DF),dominant power(DP),dominant frequency instability coefficient(DFIC),dominant power instability coefficient(DPIC),and the ratio of post-prandial to fasting in DP before and after the 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.RESULTS:Fifty-two patients(70%) achieved symptomatic improvement after prokinetic drug treatment.Patients who had normal gastric slow waves showed symptom improvement group after treatment.Postprandial DF showed a downward trend in the symptom improvement group,especially in the itopride group.Post-prandial DP was increased regardless of symptom improvement,especially in the itopride group and mosapride group.Post-prandial DFIC and DPIC in the symptom improvement group were significantly increased after the treatment.The EGG power ratio was increased after treatment in the symptom improvement group(0.50 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 1.77,P = 0.002),especially in the itopride and levosulpiride groups.CONCLUSION:Prokinetics could improve the symptoms of FD by regulating gastric myoelectrical activity,and EGG could be a useful tool in evaluating the effects of various prokinetics.

Preparation of Alumina Binder-Added PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

Abstract： The present article compares the propane dehydrogenation performance of alumina binder-added PtSnNa/ A1SBA-15 catalysts prepared via three different procedures in comparison with the performance of a binder-free PtSnNa/ AISBA-15 catalyst. All these catalysts have been investigated by reaction tests and some physico-chemical characterizations such as BET, H2 chemisorption, catalytic grain crushing strength, NHa-TPD and TPO analyses. Test results showed that the addition of alumina binder could enhance the mechanical strength of catalyst evidently. Moreover, the different preparation procedures not only modified the characteristics of both acid and metal functions but also affected the coke deposition on the catalysts. Among these catalysts studied, the catalyst prepared by impregnation followed by the agglomeration of alumi- na binder had exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability compared with other catalyst samples undergoing different preparation procedures. The possible reason may be attributed to the highest metallic dispersion and the strong interactions among Pt, Sn and the support.

The Energy Balance of the Electro-Hydraulic Linear Actuation System

The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.

Economy of Energy during Refrigerating Machine Operation

Idealized cycles of refrigerating machines with adiabatic and isothermal compression of refrigerant vapor were investigated. Energetic characteristics of cycles： specific mass and volume cooling capacity q0 and qv, work of compression 1, refrigerating coefficient of performance e and power N for drive of compressor were compared. These characteristics were calculated for eight refrigerants at temperature of their condensation 30 ℃ and temperatures of boiling -15℃ and -30 ℃. The calculations show that the use of isothermal compression of refrigerant vapor ensures economy of energy during refrigerating machine operation.

Dynamic Energy Saving Subcarrier, Bit and Power Allocation in OFDMA Relay Networks

To reduce energy consumption while maintaining users＇ Quality of Service （QoS） in Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul- tiplex Access （OFDMA） relay-enhanced net- works, an adaptive energy saving subcarrier, bit and power allocation scheme is presented. The optimal subcarrier, bit and power alloca- tion problems based on discrete adaptive modula- tion and coding scheme have been previously formulated for relay-enhanced networks, and have been reformulated into and solved by integer programming in optimization theory. If the system still has a surplus of subcarriers after resource allocation, we carry out Band- width Exchange （BE） to enable more subcar- riers to participate in transmission to save en- ergy. In addition, as the relay selection scheme is closely linked with heuristic energy saving resource allocation, a relay selection scheme is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm consumes less energy when transmitting the same number of bits than greedy energy saving schemes, although its spectrum efficiency is worse.

Village Centre Internal Resources Used for New Development

Villages historically have been founded around agriculture but farm land has greatly changed, mainly in the areas of the centralised conception of agriculture from the 1950s. Original parcelling, homestead composition and functional layouts have stopped being useful for current village inhabitants. The Czech Republic is an example of an area where this problem has appeared. According to the Czech Statistical Office, the number of inhabitants working in agriculture is now only 1%. Therefore, we need to concentrate on the village historic centre： the possibilities of restructuring and the definition of its potential and possibilities for new development. The internal resources of the village mentioned in this paper refer to the buildings, structures and land of the village centre core. The case studies worked out by the students of architecture in the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Czech Technical University in Prague from the 1990s were used for the research. Comparing designs can define these basic approaches to the new historic centre＇s use： a spatial solution--urban （non-invasive and invasive） and architectonical （reconstruction, traditional form with modern detail or completely modern design） and a functional solution. The research shown in the original historic village core offers enough opportunities for new usages and non-agricultural functions which are suitable for this area.

Sex-specific strategies of resource utilization and determining mechanisms of Hippophae rhamnoides in response to community succession

The dioecious plant,Hippophae rhamnoides,is a pioneer species in community succession on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),plays great roles in various ecosystem services.However,the males and females of the species differ both in their morphology and physiology,resulting in a change in the ratio of male to female plants depending on the environment.To further explore the functional traits critical to this sex-based distinctive response in the alpine grassland,we have surveyed the sex ratios,measured their photosynthetic parameters,height,leaf area and biomass allocation.The results showed that(i)The males had higher Pn,light saturation point,apparent quantum efficiency,A_(max) and lower water-use efficiency(WUE),which exhibited higher utilization efficiency or tolerance to strong light,while the females indicated higher utilization efficiency for low light and water.And it showed sex-specific biomass allocation patterns.(ii)H.rhamnoides populations across the successional stages all showed a male-biased sexual allocation,which was closely related to sex-specific WUE,Pn,root biomass/total biomass and root-crown ratio.(iii)The leaf traits of H.rhamnoides changed from higher N_(area),P_(area) and leaf mass per area in the early and late to lower in the middle,which meant they moved their growth strategy from resource rapid acquisition to conservation as the succession progressed.(iv)The increasing soil total phosphorus mostly contributed to regulating the sex bias of populations and variations of traits during the succession.The results are vital for the management of grassland degradation and restoration due to shrub encroachment on the QTP.