Exergaming provides an initial situationally interesting environment in physical education （PE） that serves to motivate novice players to engage in PE or physical activity. Current research suggests, however, that a...Exergaming provides an initial situationally interesting environment in physical education （PE） that serves to motivate novice players to engage in PE or physical activity. Current research suggests, however, that as students persist in this activity their situational interest decreases as their ability to exercise consistently at moderate intensity levels increases. In this article I will briefly review the literature citing benefits of exergaming and the role of exergaming in contemporary PE curricula before turning to the question of the place of exergaming in a learning- oriented approach to PE. I will suggest that exergaming, when taught within a situated learning framework, can contribute to student under- standing of the effects of exercise on their bodies and may produce meaningful lessons to assist students to create, monitor, and adapt a fitness plan to participate in life long exercise using a variety of physical activities. Copyright O 2013, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
TRIM5α restricts retroviruses in a species-specific manner. Cyclophilin A was independently retrotransposed into the TRIM5 loci in different species, leading to the generation of antiviral TR1M5-cyclophilin A （TRIM...TRIM5α restricts retroviruses in a species-specific manner. Cyclophilin A was independently retrotransposed into the TRIM5 loci in different species, leading to the generation of antiviral TR1M5-cyclophilin A （TRIMCyp） proteins. Previously, we found that assam macaques express a TRIMCyp chimera （amTRIMCyp）, along with a TRIM5α allelic protein （amTRIM5α）. Herein, we investigated the antiviral activity of amTRIMCyp and amTRIM5α individually, as well as their interaction and joint effects. amTRIMCyp showed a divergent restriction pattern from amTRIM5αc Although both proteins potently restricted the replication of HIV-1, only amTRIM5αt inhibited N-MLV. Remarkably, cellular anti-HIV-1 activity increased when amTRIMCyp and amTRIM5αt were coexpressed, indicating a synergistic block of HIV-1 replication. Consistently, PMBCs from heterozygous amTRIM50t/TRIMCyp showed stronger resistance to HIV-1 infection than those from amTRIM5a/TRIM5α homozygotes. The anti-HIV-1 synergistic effect was dependent on the amTRIMCyp-amTRIM5α interaction. In contrast, amTRIMCyp completely abrogated the anti-N-MLV activity mediated by amTRIM5α, showing a dominant-negative effect, indicating that the generation of amTRIMCyp was involved in the trade-off between divergent restriction activities. Our results provide a new paradigm to study functional trade-offs mediated by allelic proteins, a theoretical basis for utilizing animal models with various TRIM5 alleles, as well as novel HIV-1 gene therapy strategies.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks,data-driven machine learning methods are popular in improving and constructing turbulence models.For high Reynolds number turbul...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks,data-driven machine learning methods are popular in improving and constructing turbulence models.For high Reynolds number turbulence in aerodynamics,our previous work built a data-driven model applicable to subsonic airfoil flows with different free stream conditions.The results calculated by the proposed model are encouraging.In this work,we aim to model the turbulence of transonic wing flows with fully connected deep neural networks,where there is less research at present.The proposed model is driven by two flow cases of the ONERA(Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales)wing and coupled with the Navier-Stokes equation solver.Four subcritical and transonic benchmark cases of different wings are used to evaluate the model performance.The iteration process is stable,and final convergence is achieved.The proposed model can be used to surrogate the traditional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model.Compared with the data calculated by the Spallart-Allmaras model,the results show that the proposed model can be well generalized to the test cases.The mean relative error of the drag coefficient at different sections is below 4%for each case.This work demonstrates that modeling turbulence by data-driven methods is feasible and that our modeling pattern is effective.展开更多
文摘Exergaming provides an initial situationally interesting environment in physical education （PE） that serves to motivate novice players to engage in PE or physical activity. Current research suggests, however, that as students persist in this activity their situational interest decreases as their ability to exercise consistently at moderate intensity levels increases. In this article I will briefly review the literature citing benefits of exergaming and the role of exergaming in contemporary PE curricula before turning to the question of the place of exergaming in a learning- oriented approach to PE. I will suggest that exergaming, when taught within a situated learning framework, can contribute to student under- standing of the effects of exercise on their bodies and may produce meaningful lessons to assist students to create, monitor, and adapt a fitness plan to participate in life long exercise using a variety of physical activities. Copyright O 2013, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471620, 81671627, 81571606, 81172876, U0832601)the 13th Five-Year Key Scientific and Technological Program of China (2017ZX10304402-002-004, 2017ZX10202102-001-005)+2 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L1002, KSCX2-EW-R-13)the National Key Research & Development Plan (2016YFC1201000)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CBA01305)
文摘TRIM5α restricts retroviruses in a species-specific manner. Cyclophilin A was independently retrotransposed into the TRIM5 loci in different species, leading to the generation of antiviral TR1M5-cyclophilin A （TRIMCyp） proteins. Previously, we found that assam macaques express a TRIMCyp chimera （amTRIMCyp）, along with a TRIM5α allelic protein （amTRIM5α）. Herein, we investigated the antiviral activity of amTRIMCyp and amTRIM5α individually, as well as their interaction and joint effects. amTRIMCyp showed a divergent restriction pattern from amTRIM5αc Although both proteins potently restricted the replication of HIV-1, only amTRIM5αt inhibited N-MLV. Remarkably, cellular anti-HIV-1 activity increased when amTRIMCyp and amTRIM5αt were coexpressed, indicating a synergistic block of HIV-1 replication. Consistently, PMBCs from heterozygous amTRIM50t/TRIMCyp showed stronger resistance to HIV-1 infection than those from amTRIM5a/TRIM5α homozygotes. The anti-HIV-1 synergistic effect was dependent on the amTRIMCyp-amTRIM5α interaction. In contrast, amTRIMCyp completely abrogated the anti-N-MLV activity mediated by amTRIM5α, showing a dominant-negative effect, indicating that the generation of amTRIMCyp was involved in the trade-off between divergent restriction activities. Our results provide a new paradigm to study functional trade-offs mediated by allelic proteins, a theoretical basis for utilizing animal models with various TRIM5 alleles, as well as novel HIV-1 gene therapy strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92152301,and 91852115)the National Numerical Wind tunnel Project(Grand No.NNW2018-ZT1B01).
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks,data-driven machine learning methods are popular in improving and constructing turbulence models.For high Reynolds number turbulence in aerodynamics,our previous work built a data-driven model applicable to subsonic airfoil flows with different free stream conditions.The results calculated by the proposed model are encouraging.In this work,we aim to model the turbulence of transonic wing flows with fully connected deep neural networks,where there is less research at present.The proposed model is driven by two flow cases of the ONERA(Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales)wing and coupled with the Navier-Stokes equation solver.Four subcritical and transonic benchmark cases of different wings are used to evaluate the model performance.The iteration process is stable,and final convergence is achieved.The proposed model can be used to surrogate the traditional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model.Compared with the data calculated by the Spallart-Allmaras model,the results show that the proposed model can be well generalized to the test cases.The mean relative error of the drag coefficient at different sections is below 4%for each case.This work demonstrates that modeling turbulence by data-driven methods is feasible and that our modeling pattern is effective.
