试论田锡的文学思想

在宋初诸多的文论家中,活跃在太、真两朝的田锡却被忽略了。他在宋初古文运动中的先驱地位。往往被柳开、石介等人所淹没,好象他留给世界的本来就是一片空白。不错,唐代古文运动在向宋代延续发展的过程中,经过了晚唐和五代十国的断裂,文学思想的断代衔接,就象一粒孤独的沙。

Celebrating the Harvest and san yklk： Exploring Festival and Public Ritual as Collective Memory to Sustain Cultural Identity

This paper argues that ritual is not only restricted to religious activities, but can also be ethological, sociological, and ecological in nature. The artistic, stylistic, and functional characteristics of one particular festival of the Bamana in Mali to celebrate the harvest and new planting season will be analyzed. This festival primarily takes on the form of animal masquerades in which masks, puppets, drumming, singing, and dancing are blended into a ritualistic celebration of a certain cultural identity. The Bamana culture has lost religion as a marker, as Islam is now the dominant religion in Mali, but traditional social relationships and morals among the Bamana as a patriarchal society are concretized and objectified by their animal masquerades. Apart from being a seasonal festival, events from the past are commemorated; customary gender roles are defined; and some fundamental and complex social concepts are reinforced by a performance mode which relies on a collective memory and oral transmission.

Constitutional Court Dysfunction as a Guardian of Constitutional Rights of Religious Minorities in Indonesia

Right to freedom of religion and belief guaranteed by the constitution in the positive legal order, in practice, does not necessarily guarantee freedom. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia provides a guarantee of religious freedom for every citizen under Article 28 E of the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court, which is required to protect, maintain, and ensure religious freedom for religious minorities, is deemed to fail guarding the right of religious minorities, because in addition to providing a restrictive ruling on a judicial review of the rule of law which is contrary to the basic law, it also fails to interpret legal products under the laws as part of the constitution. The Constitutional Court dysfunction as a guardian of the constitutional rights of religious minorities occurs because of the vacuum of law （recht vacuum）, a narrow interpretation of the constitution by the constitutional judges. The urgency that needs to be addressed is to provide the Constitutional Court with a more extensive authority, which is not limited only to review legal products under laws, but also includes production of Law on Freedom of Religion and Belief for protection in the application of Article 28 E of the 1945 Constitution.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Issue of Self-Knowledge in Sophocles＇ Oedipus Tyrannus, Shakespeare＇s Hamlet and the Bhagavadgita

Greek and Shakespearean tragic truth emerges from pollution, moral brokenness, and pain. This also applies to the tragic truth of the Indian epics, except that this karmic kind of truth is not considered decisive. Crucial in the Indian case is cosmic truth, and Hindu cosmic truth is never produced out of pollution or pain. In Arjuna＇s case, Krishna＇s revelatory knowledge is religiously saving knowledge, whereas in Oedipus＇ case, Apollo＇s and Teiresias＇ revelatory knowledge is religiously dooming knowledge. In Hamlet＇s case, religiously saving knowledge is an object of theological speculation and of philosophical doubt. In the Hindu case, self-knowledge means absolute knowledge and ultimate liberation; in the Greek case, self-knowledge means self-discovery and the recognition of human fragility; in the Shakespearean case, self-knowledge means self-exploration and doubting oneself.

山人与出版:俞安期生平、著述与刻书活动考

晚明时期,由于科举仕途壅塞、商品经济和市民社会的发展,士人的观念和生存方式发生了重大变化,在"学而优则仕"的传统道路之外,士人有了更多的选择。嘉靖以后,山人作为士人扮演的一种新的社会角色活跃起来,到万历年间成为一个引人注目的社会群体。与此同时,商业出版在晚明的蓬勃兴起,为士人提供了新的谋生途径和施展才华的舞台,大批士人参与到出版活动中来,其中有不少是山人。

论子贡“使孔子名布扬于天下”

司马迁说:'夫使孔子名布扬于天下者,子贡先后之也。'(《史记·货殖列传》)此语乃是对于贡与其师孔子关系的最精当的评述。可以说,在孔子三千弟子中,与孔子关系最为密切的,当为子贡。《论语》中子贡的名字出现了57次,而颜回仅出现32次。下面。