[Objective] In this study, the performance and blood biochemical indices in lamps fed on milk replacer were researched, the feasibility of early weaned in lamps was discussed. [Method] 37 of 10 days lambs of Suffolk...[Objective] In this study, the performance and blood biochemical indices in lamps fed on milk replacer were researched, the feasibility of early weaned in lamps was discussed. [Method] 37 of 10 days lambs of Suffolk（♂） x XiaoWeiHanYang（ ♀ ） were randomly divided into group A, B, C, D for this experiment. Group A, B, C were fed by 3 milk-replacers containing milk for different protein source respectively, and ten Iambs in each group; group D （seven lambs） were fed by ewes as the control. The performance and blood biochemical indices of the lamps were determined. [ Result] The results showed that the average daily gains of 10 - 15 days of age was not significantly different between group A and D （ P 〉 O. 05 ）, the control were higher significandy than the group B,C （P 〈0.05）. The average daily gains of 16 -25, 26 -35 days of age were not significantly different in group A, B, C, D. The daily weight gains of Group A, B, C in 45 - 55 days of age were higher significantly than the control （P〈0.05 ）. Plasma urea nitrogen （PUN） of group B and C were higher than group A significantly （P〈0.05 ） ;Total protein （ TP）, Plasma albumin （ALB） and Plasma total amino acid were no significant difference among the other 3 groups （P〉0.05 ）. [Conclusion] So, the milk-replacers were available for early-weaned lamb.展开更多
The thermal decomposition kinetics of high iron gibbsite ore was investigated under non-isothermal conditions.Popescu method was applied to analyzing the thermal decomposition mechanism.The results show that the most ...The thermal decomposition kinetics of high iron gibbsite ore was investigated under non-isothermal conditions.Popescu method was applied to analyzing the thermal decomposition mechanism.The results show that the most probable thermal decomposition mechanism is the three-dimensional diffusion model of Jander equation,and the mechanism code is D3.The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for thermal decomposition of high iron gibbsite ore calculated by the Popescu method are 75.36 kJ/mol and 1.51×10-5 s-（-1）,respectively.The correctness of the obtained mechanism function is validated by the activation energy acquired by the iso-conversional method.Popescu method is a rational and reliable method for the analysis of the thermal decomposition mechanism of high iron gibbsite ore.展开更多
Mechanism functions and kinetic parameters of AlOOH（boehmite or diaspore） dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution were researched.The mixture of boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution was scanned by high-pressure...Mechanism functions and kinetic parameters of AlOOH（boehmite or diaspore） dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution were researched.The mixture of boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution was scanned by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） instrument with heating rate of 10 ℃/min,and differential equation method was used to analyse the DSC curves,combining with iterative method and linear least square method.The most probable mechanism functions for both boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution reactions were logically selected from 30 types of non-isothermal kinetics differential equations,according to the calculated results obtained by Matlab program.The most probable differential mechanism function of boehmite dissolving in caustic solution is f（α）=1-α,which reveals the first-order reaction with apparent activation energy of 79.178 kJ/mol and the preexponential constant 1.031×108 s-1.The function,f（α）=2（1-α）3/2,can describe the dissolution of diaspore sample in sodium hydroxide solution.The calculated results of kinetic parameters are apparent activation energy of 73.858 kJ/mol,preexponential constant of 5.752×107 s-1 and reaction order of 1.5.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. To...In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.展开更多
A new indicator with temperature dependence of the NO3 loss frequency, was developed to study the contribution of NO3 to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOx removal in the atmosphere. The new indicator arises from t...A new indicator with temperature dependence of the NO3 loss frequency, was developed to study the contribution of NO3 to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOx removal in the atmosphere. The new indicator arises from the temperature dependence of kinetic constant. The new indicator was applied to data of observation based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy system on the outskirts of Hefei, China. According to the findings, the contribution of monoterpenes to the loss of NO3 was 70%-80%.展开更多
To integrate different renewable energy resources effectively in a microgrid, a configuration optimization model of a multi-energy distributed generation（DG） system and its auxiliary equipment is proposed. The model...To integrate different renewable energy resources effectively in a microgrid, a configuration optimization model of a multi-energy distributed generation（DG） system and its auxiliary equipment is proposed. The model mainly consists of two parts, the determination of initial configuration schemes according to user preference and the selection of the optimal scheme. The comprehensive evaluation index（CEI）, which is acquired through the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） weight calculation method, is adopted as the evaluation criterion to rank the initial schemes. The optimal scheme is obtained according to the ranking results. The proposed model takes the diversity of different equipment parameters and investment cost into consideration and can give relatively suitable and economical suggestions for system configuration.Additionally, unlike Homer Pro, the proposed model considers the complementation of different renewable energy resources, and thus the rationality of the multi-energy DG system is improved compared with the single evaluation criterion method which only considers the total cost.展开更多
A novel chaotic search method is proposed,and a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization(PSO) with this new method,called CLSPSO,is put forward to solve 14 integer and mixed integer programming problems....A novel chaotic search method is proposed,and a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization(PSO) with this new method,called CLSPSO,is put forward to solve 14 integer and mixed integer programming problems.The performances of CLSPSO are compared with those of other five hybrid algorithms combining PSO with chaotic search methods.Experimental results indicate that in terms of robustness and final convergence speed,CLSPSO is better than other five algorithms in solving many of these problems.Furthermore,CLSPSO exhibits good performance in solving two high-dimensional problems,and it finds better solutions than the known ones.A performance index(PI) is introduced to fairly compare the above six algorithms,and the obtained values of(PI) in three cases demonstrate that CLSPSO is superior to all the other five algorithms under the same conditions.展开更多
Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a goo...Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.展开更多
During the compaction of a road subgrade, the mechanical parameters of the soil mass change in real time, but current research assumes that these parameters remain unchanged. In order to address this discrepancy, this...During the compaction of a road subgrade, the mechanical parameters of the soil mass change in real time, but current research assumes that these parameters remain unchanged. In order to address this discrepancy, this paper establishes a relationship between the degree of compaction K and strain ε. The relationship between the compaction degree K and the shear strength of soil(cohesion c and frictional angle φ) was clearly established through indoor experiments. The subroutine UMAT in ABAQUS finite element numerical software was developed to realize an accurate calculation of the subgrade soil compaction quality. This value was compared and analyzed against the assumed compaction value of the model, thereby verifying the accuracy of the intelligent compaction calculation results for subgrade soil. On this basis, orthogonal tests of the influential factors(frequency, amplitude, and quality) for the degree of compaction and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Finally, the ‘acceleration intelligent compaction value’, which is based on the acceleration signal, is proposed for a compaction meter value that indicates poor accuracy. The research results can provide guidance and basis for further research into the accurate control of compaction quality for roadbeds and pavements.展开更多
Optimal allocation of financial resources is a critical factor in investment decisions. A proper action in this regard requires the existence of appropriate bases and investing tools and techniques in the capital mark...Optimal allocation of financial resources is a critical factor in investment decisions. A proper action in this regard requires the existence of appropriate bases and investing tools and techniques in the capital market. One of these effective methods which is considered as the basis of new investment strategies, in addition to multiple unique features, is called index tracking. By considering the undeniable role of this approach in the future of capital markets, its investigation and implementation have been considered in this research and so the problem of optimal Tehran Exchange Dividend Price Index （TEDPIX） tracker fund selection is studied using a hybrid approach of genetic algorithm and quadratic programming. Neural network was applied to simulate unavailable data. Results illustrate the exactness and acceptable performance of the formed portfolios in several iterations such that achieving similar and even better performance compared to the index is a distinctive characteristic of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
AIM： To quantify the intraepithelial lymphocytes （IELs） and to document the membrane expression of CD4, CD8, TCRγδ and adhesion and/or activation-associated molecules （CD103, CD28, CD44, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95/ Fas...AIM： To quantify the intraepithelial lymphocytes （IELs） and to document the membrane expression of CD4, CD8, TCRγδ and adhesion and/or activation-associated molecules （CD103, CD28, CD44, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95/ Fas） in the duodenal mucosa of patients with functional dyspepsia （FD） in order to provide arguments for an immunological process in FD. METHODS： Twenty-six FD patients according to Rome Ⅱ criteria （20 were H pylori negative） were studied and compared to 12 healthy adults. IELs were isolated from five duodenal biopsy samples, then quantified by microscopy and flow cytometry while the membrane phenotypes were determined by cytofluorometry. RESULTS： Duodenal histological examination was normal. In H pylori negative patients, the number of IELs was not different from that in healthy controls. Median percentage expression of CD4, CD8, or TCRy8 and CD103, CD44, CD28, CD69 on CD3＋ IELs, among the adhesion/activation associated molecules tested, was not different from that in healthy controls. In contrast, the median percentage expression of CD95/ Fas [22 （9-65） vs 45 （19-88）, P = 0.03] and HLADR expressing CD3＋ IELs [4 （0-30） vs 13 （4-42）, P = 0.04] was significantly lower in the H pylori negative FD group than in healthy controls, respectively. The number of IELs was significantly greater in H pylori positive FD patients than in healthy controls [median ratio for 100 enterocytes 27.5 （6.7-62.5） vs 10.8 （3-33.3）, P = 0.02] due to a higher number of CD8＋ CD3＋ IELs. CONCLUSION： In H pylori negative FD patients, the phenotypic characterization of IELs suggests that we cannot exclude a role of IELs in FD.展开更多
AIM： To compare efficacy of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） with H2-receptor antagonists （H2RA$） plus pro- kinetics （Proks） for dysmotility-like symptoms in func- tional dyspepsia （FD）. METHODS： Subjects were ...AIM： To compare efficacy of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） with H2-receptor antagonists （H2RA$） plus pro- kinetics （Proks） for dysmotility-like symptoms in func- tional dyspepsia （FD）. METHODS： Subjects were randomized to receive openlabel treatment with either rabeprazole 10 mg od （n = 57） or famotidine 10 mg bid plus mosapride 5 mg tid （n = 57） for 4 wk. The primary efficacy endpoint was change （%） from baseline in total dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptom score. The secondary efficacy endpoint was patient satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS： The improvement in dysmotility-like dyspep- sia symptom score on day 28 was significantly greater in the rabeprazole group （22.5% ± 29.2% of baseline） than the famotidine ＋ mosapride group （53.2%±58.6% of baseline, P 〈 0.0001）. The superior benefit of rabeprazole treatment after 28 d was consistent regardless of Helicobacter pylori status. Significantly more subjects in the rabeprazole group were satisfied or very satisfied with treatment on day 28 than in the famotidine ＋ mosapride group （87.7% vs 59.6%, P = 0.0012）. Rabeprazole therapy was the only significant predictor of treatment response （P 〈 0.0001）, defined as a total symptom score improvement ≥ 50%. CONCLUSION： PPI monotherapy improves dysmotil- ity-like symptoms significantly better than H2RAs plus Proks, and should be the treatment of first choice for Japanese FD.展开更多
The Arizona Department of Transportation （ADOT） in the USA conducted a series of asphalt aging related research and special studies between the 1970s and 1990s. The studies covered over 157 test sections representin...The Arizona Department of Transportation （ADOT） in the USA conducted a series of asphalt aging related research and special studies between the 1970s and 1990s. The studies covered over 157 test sections representing both neat （virgin） asphalt and crumb rubber modified （asphalt-rubber） binders. The data comprised of a wide range of penetration, viscosity, and Performance Grade （PG） parameters, at original and aged conditions. In the late 1990s, asphalt PG complex shear modulus （G＊）, and phase angle （5） data were collected. The main purpose of this paper was to use the assembled database of the field core-aged asphalt test data and compare the test results to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide （MEPDG） predictive modeled asphalt properties such as penetration and viscosity, G＊, and 5. Furthermore, G＊ and laboratory measurements on neat and asphalt-rubber binders extracted from the field cores of the pavement sections aged ten or more years were compared to the pressure aging vessel PG G＊ and ~. values. It was observed that the MEPDG predicted asphalt binder properties were rational for originally （tank） sampled binders, but fairly correlated for the aged binders. Additionally, penetration and viscosity aging indices representing over 20 years of field aged sections were established for a wide variety of asphalt binder grades. Overall, the relationships for aging indices were meaningful and rational. Results of this research indicated the degree of difficulty in predicting asphalt binder properties for pavements with ten or more years of field aging. The findings from this research study are envisioned to be of substantial value in future asphalt binder aging studies.展开更多
AIM： To determine the relative potency and contribution of intestinal nutrients to net gastric accommodative relaxation and conscious perception. METHODS： In 12 healthy subjects, we randomly tested duodenal loads of...AIM： To determine the relative potency and contribution of intestinal nutrients to net gastric accommodative relaxation and conscious perception. METHODS： In 12 healthy subjects, we randomly tested duodenal loads of lipids and carbohydrates （12 mL administered in 4 rain） at various caloric concentrations （0.0125-0.8 kcal/mL） separated by 12-24 rain wash-out periods of saline infusion. Maximal gastric relaxation was induced at the end of each experiment by i.v glucagon （5 μg/kg）, as reference. The reflex gastric response was measured by a barostat, and symptom perception by a 0-6 score questionnaire. RESULTS： Upids induced a dose-response gastric relaxation with a steep and early rise. Maximal effect （179±42 mL relaxation） reached at a relatively low concentration （0.2 kcal/mL）, maximal lipid-induced relaxation was 61±6% of the glucagon effect. By contrast, duodenal infusion of carbohydrates induced weaker relaxation that became significant only at the high end of the physiological concentration range （65±14 ml with 0.8 kcal/mL）. Intestinal nutrient loads, either of lipid or carbohydrates, did not induce significant changes in perception （0.6±0.4 and 0.1±0.4 score increase for the highest concentrations, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Chyme entering the small bowel induces nutrient-spedfic gastric relaxatory reflexes by a physiologically saturable mechanism. Normally, neither the intestinal nutrient load nor the gastric accommodative response is perceived.展开更多
The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors w...The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.展开更多
Five coal char samples were burnt in thermobalance with ramp heating rate of 30 K/min. The pore structure of these char samples was studied through mercury intrusion method. Combined with the kinetic theory of gases, ...Five coal char samples were burnt in thermobalance with ramp heating rate of 30 K/min. The pore structure of these char samples was studied through mercury intrusion method. Combined with the kinetic theory of gases, the data of surface area was used in fitting the results. As a result, the kinetic triplet was given. The analysis showed that five char samples share almost the same intrinsic activation energy of the overall reaction. The phenomenological implication of the derived combustion rate equation was given.展开更多
This paper in the light of the structure parameters of the ramie fabric to research and evaluation it＇s heart-moisture comfort. Selected 15 kinds of ramie fabric to test the average density, the thickness, the tightn...This paper in the light of the structure parameters of the ramie fabric to research and evaluation it＇s heart-moisture comfort. Selected 15 kinds of ramie fabric to test the average density, the thickness, the tightness, the heat rate, the heat transfer coefficient, the Clo, the air permeability, the water vapor permeability and other performance index, used SPSS factor analysis to explore the main influence factors of porous ramie fabric＇s heat moisture comfort. Results shows that： the main influence factors of ramie fabric＇s heat-moisture is the heat preservation material, the air permeability and the moisture permeability, get the equation of porous ramie fabric＇ s heat-moisture comfort： F=0.45855y1＋0.30588y2＋0.13549y3, evaluated and sorted the sample fabric＇ s heat-moisture comfort.展开更多
The temperature of a solar cell subjected to the incident global solar radiation as a function of the local day time is determined. A heat balance equation is solved considering the heat losses due to convection and t...The temperature of a solar cell subjected to the incident global solar radiation as a function of the local day time is determined. A heat balance equation is solved considering the heat losses due to convection and thermal radiation. The cell efficiency is estimated as a measure of its performance. The results reveal that the temperature within the cell attains significant values. Nevertheless, the temperature dependence of its efficiency along the day time is not pronouncing. It slightly decreases with temperature.展开更多
基金Supported by Span Program of Ministry of Agriculture(KY2001-15)~~
文摘[Objective] In this study, the performance and blood biochemical indices in lamps fed on milk replacer were researched, the feasibility of early weaned in lamps was discussed. [Method] 37 of 10 days lambs of Suffolk（♂） x XiaoWeiHanYang（ ♀ ） were randomly divided into group A, B, C, D for this experiment. Group A, B, C were fed by 3 milk-replacers containing milk for different protein source respectively, and ten Iambs in each group; group D （seven lambs） were fed by ewes as the control. The performance and blood biochemical indices of the lamps were determined. [ Result] The results showed that the average daily gains of 10 - 15 days of age was not significantly different between group A and D （ P 〉 O. 05 ）, the control were higher significandy than the group B,C （P 〈0.05）. The average daily gains of 16 -25, 26 -35 days of age were not significantly different in group A, B, C, D. The daily weight gains of Group A, B, C in 45 - 55 days of age were higher significantly than the control （P〈0.05 ）. Plasma urea nitrogen （PUN） of group B and C were higher than group A significantly （P〈0.05 ） ;Total protein （ TP）, Plasma albumin （ALB） and Plasma total amino acid were no significant difference among the other 3 groups （P〉0.05 ）. [Conclusion] So, the milk-replacers were available for early-weaned lamb.
基金Project(51374058)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The thermal decomposition kinetics of high iron gibbsite ore was investigated under non-isothermal conditions.Popescu method was applied to analyzing the thermal decomposition mechanism.The results show that the most probable thermal decomposition mechanism is the three-dimensional diffusion model of Jander equation,and the mechanism code is D3.The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for thermal decomposition of high iron gibbsite ore calculated by the Popescu method are 75.36 kJ/mol and 1.51×10-5 s-（-1）,respectively.The correctness of the obtained mechanism function is validated by the activation energy acquired by the iso-conversional method.Popescu method is a rational and reliable method for the analysis of the thermal decomposition mechanism of high iron gibbsite ore.
基金Project(2007BC13504)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20050145029)supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher EducationProject(2005221012)supported by the Science and Technology Talents Fund for Excellent Youth of Liaoning Province,China
文摘Mechanism functions and kinetic parameters of AlOOH（boehmite or diaspore） dissolving in sodium hydroxide solution were researched.The mixture of boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution was scanned by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） instrument with heating rate of 10 ℃/min,and differential equation method was used to analyse the DSC curves,combining with iterative method and linear least square method.The most probable mechanism functions for both boehmite or diaspore and caustic solution reactions were logically selected from 30 types of non-isothermal kinetics differential equations,according to the calculated results obtained by Matlab program.The most probable differential mechanism function of boehmite dissolving in caustic solution is f（α）=1-α,which reveals the first-order reaction with apparent activation energy of 79.178 kJ/mol and the preexponential constant 1.031×108 s-1.The function,f（α）=2（1-α）3/2,can describe the dissolution of diaspore sample in sodium hydroxide solution.The calculated results of kinetic parameters are apparent activation energy of 73.858 kJ/mol,preexponential constant of 5.752×107 s-1 and reaction order of 1.5.
基金Supported by Project of Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College(NSFZN1309)~~
文摘In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledged to DOAS groups. This work was supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education （No.209057）, the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation （No.090412028）, and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province Colleges and University （No.KJ2008A114）.
文摘A new indicator with temperature dependence of the NO3 loss frequency, was developed to study the contribution of NO3 to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOx removal in the atmosphere. The new indicator arises from the temperature dependence of kinetic constant. The new indicator was applied to data of observation based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy system on the outskirts of Hefei, China. According to the findings, the contribution of monoterpenes to the loss of NO3 was 70%-80%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51377021)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.SGTJDK00DWJS1600014)
文摘To integrate different renewable energy resources effectively in a microgrid, a configuration optimization model of a multi-energy distributed generation（DG） system and its auxiliary equipment is proposed. The model mainly consists of two parts, the determination of initial configuration schemes according to user preference and the selection of the optimal scheme. The comprehensive evaluation index（CEI）, which is acquired through the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） weight calculation method, is adopted as the evaluation criterion to rank the initial schemes. The optimal scheme is obtained according to the ranking results. The proposed model takes the diversity of different equipment parameters and investment cost into consideration and can give relatively suitable and economical suggestions for system configuration.Additionally, unlike Homer Pro, the proposed model considers the complementation of different renewable energy resources, and thus the rationality of the multi-energy DG system is improved compared with the single evaluation criterion method which only considers the total cost.
基金Projects(50275150,61173052) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(14FJ3112) supported by the Planned Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(14B033) supported by Scientific Research Fund Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘A novel chaotic search method is proposed,and a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization(PSO) with this new method,called CLSPSO,is put forward to solve 14 integer and mixed integer programming problems.The performances of CLSPSO are compared with those of other five hybrid algorithms combining PSO with chaotic search methods.Experimental results indicate that in terms of robustness and final convergence speed,CLSPSO is better than other five algorithms in solving many of these problems.Furthermore,CLSPSO exhibits good performance in solving two high-dimensional problems,and it finds better solutions than the known ones.A performance index(PI) is introduced to fairly compare the above six algorithms,and the obtained values of(PI) in three cases demonstrate that CLSPSO is superior to all the other five algorithms under the same conditions.
基金Project （51171125） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project （20110321051 ） supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Shanxi Province, China
文摘Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.
基金Project(51878164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(BK20161421, BK20140109) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China+4 种基金Project(141076) supported by the Huoyingdong Foundation of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(BZ2017011) supported by the Science and Technology Support Project of Jiangsu Province, ChinaProject(2242015R30027) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, ChinaProject(grant number KFJ170106) supported by the Changsha University of Science & Technology via Open Fund of National Engineering Laboratory of Highway Maintenance Technology, ChinaProject(2018B51) supported by the Science and Technology Support Project of Qilu Transportation Development Group, China。
文摘During the compaction of a road subgrade, the mechanical parameters of the soil mass change in real time, but current research assumes that these parameters remain unchanged. In order to address this discrepancy, this paper establishes a relationship between the degree of compaction K and strain ε. The relationship between the compaction degree K and the shear strength of soil(cohesion c and frictional angle φ) was clearly established through indoor experiments. The subroutine UMAT in ABAQUS finite element numerical software was developed to realize an accurate calculation of the subgrade soil compaction quality. This value was compared and analyzed against the assumed compaction value of the model, thereby verifying the accuracy of the intelligent compaction calculation results for subgrade soil. On this basis, orthogonal tests of the influential factors(frequency, amplitude, and quality) for the degree of compaction and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Finally, the ‘acceleration intelligent compaction value’, which is based on the acceleration signal, is proposed for a compaction meter value that indicates poor accuracy. The research results can provide guidance and basis for further research into the accurate control of compaction quality for roadbeds and pavements.
文摘Optimal allocation of financial resources is a critical factor in investment decisions. A proper action in this regard requires the existence of appropriate bases and investing tools and techniques in the capital market. One of these effective methods which is considered as the basis of new investment strategies, in addition to multiple unique features, is called index tracking. By considering the undeniable role of this approach in the future of capital markets, its investigation and implementation have been considered in this research and so the problem of optimal Tehran Exchange Dividend Price Index （TEDPIX） tracker fund selection is studied using a hybrid approach of genetic algorithm and quadratic programming. Neural network was applied to simulate unavailable data. Results illustrate the exactness and acceptable performance of the formed portfolios in several iterations such that achieving similar and even better performance compared to the index is a distinctive characteristic of the proposed algorithm.
文摘AIM： To quantify the intraepithelial lymphocytes （IELs） and to document the membrane expression of CD4, CD8, TCRγδ and adhesion and/or activation-associated molecules （CD103, CD28, CD44, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95/ Fas） in the duodenal mucosa of patients with functional dyspepsia （FD） in order to provide arguments for an immunological process in FD. METHODS： Twenty-six FD patients according to Rome Ⅱ criteria （20 were H pylori negative） were studied and compared to 12 healthy adults. IELs were isolated from five duodenal biopsy samples, then quantified by microscopy and flow cytometry while the membrane phenotypes were determined by cytofluorometry. RESULTS： Duodenal histological examination was normal. In H pylori negative patients, the number of IELs was not different from that in healthy controls. Median percentage expression of CD4, CD8, or TCRy8 and CD103, CD44, CD28, CD69 on CD3＋ IELs, among the adhesion/activation associated molecules tested, was not different from that in healthy controls. In contrast, the median percentage expression of CD95/ Fas [22 （9-65） vs 45 （19-88）, P = 0.03] and HLADR expressing CD3＋ IELs [4 （0-30） vs 13 （4-42）, P = 0.04] was significantly lower in the H pylori negative FD group than in healthy controls, respectively. The number of IELs was significantly greater in H pylori positive FD patients than in healthy controls [median ratio for 100 enterocytes 27.5 （6.7-62.5） vs 10.8 （3-33.3）, P = 0.02] due to a higher number of CD8＋ CD3＋ IELs. CONCLUSION： In H pylori negative FD patients, the phenotypic characterization of IELs suggests that we cannot exclude a role of IELs in FD.
文摘AIM： To compare efficacy of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） with H2-receptor antagonists （H2RA$） plus pro- kinetics （Proks） for dysmotility-like symptoms in func- tional dyspepsia （FD）. METHODS： Subjects were randomized to receive openlabel treatment with either rabeprazole 10 mg od （n = 57） or famotidine 10 mg bid plus mosapride 5 mg tid （n = 57） for 4 wk. The primary efficacy endpoint was change （%） from baseline in total dysmotility-like dyspepsia symptom score. The secondary efficacy endpoint was patient satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS： The improvement in dysmotility-like dyspep- sia symptom score on day 28 was significantly greater in the rabeprazole group （22.5% ± 29.2% of baseline） than the famotidine ＋ mosapride group （53.2%±58.6% of baseline, P 〈 0.0001）. The superior benefit of rabeprazole treatment after 28 d was consistent regardless of Helicobacter pylori status. Significantly more subjects in the rabeprazole group were satisfied or very satisfied with treatment on day 28 than in the famotidine ＋ mosapride group （87.7% vs 59.6%, P = 0.0012）. Rabeprazole therapy was the only significant predictor of treatment response （P 〈 0.0001）, defined as a total symptom score improvement ≥ 50%. CONCLUSION： PPI monotherapy improves dysmotil- ity-like symptoms significantly better than H2RAs plus Proks, and should be the treatment of first choice for Japanese FD.
文摘The Arizona Department of Transportation （ADOT） in the USA conducted a series of asphalt aging related research and special studies between the 1970s and 1990s. The studies covered over 157 test sections representing both neat （virgin） asphalt and crumb rubber modified （asphalt-rubber） binders. The data comprised of a wide range of penetration, viscosity, and Performance Grade （PG） parameters, at original and aged conditions. In the late 1990s, asphalt PG complex shear modulus （G＊）, and phase angle （5） data were collected. The main purpose of this paper was to use the assembled database of the field core-aged asphalt test data and compare the test results to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide （MEPDG） predictive modeled asphalt properties such as penetration and viscosity, G＊, and 5. Furthermore, G＊ and laboratory measurements on neat and asphalt-rubber binders extracted from the field cores of the pavement sections aged ten or more years were compared to the pressure aging vessel PG G＊ and ~. values. It was observed that the MEPDG predicted asphalt binder properties were rational for originally （tank） sampled binders, but fairly correlated for the aged binders. Additionally, penetration and viscosity aging indices representing over 20 years of field aged sections were established for a wide variety of asphalt binder grades. Overall, the relationships for aging indices were meaningful and rational. Results of this research indicated the degree of difficulty in predicting asphalt binder properties for pavements with ten or more years of field aging. The findings from this research study are envisioned to be of substantial value in future asphalt binder aging studies.
基金Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education (Direccion General de Ensenanza Superior del Ministerio de Educaci6ny Culture, BFI 2002-03413)the Instituto de Salud Carlos m, No. C03/02the National Institutes of Health, USA, No. DK 57064
文摘AIM： To determine the relative potency and contribution of intestinal nutrients to net gastric accommodative relaxation and conscious perception. METHODS： In 12 healthy subjects, we randomly tested duodenal loads of lipids and carbohydrates （12 mL administered in 4 rain） at various caloric concentrations （0.0125-0.8 kcal/mL） separated by 12-24 rain wash-out periods of saline infusion. Maximal gastric relaxation was induced at the end of each experiment by i.v glucagon （5 μg/kg）, as reference. The reflex gastric response was measured by a barostat, and symptom perception by a 0-6 score questionnaire. RESULTS： Upids induced a dose-response gastric relaxation with a steep and early rise. Maximal effect （179±42 mL relaxation） reached at a relatively low concentration （0.2 kcal/mL）, maximal lipid-induced relaxation was 61±6% of the glucagon effect. By contrast, duodenal infusion of carbohydrates induced weaker relaxation that became significant only at the high end of the physiological concentration range （65±14 ml with 0.8 kcal/mL）. Intestinal nutrient loads, either of lipid or carbohydrates, did not induce significant changes in perception （0.6±0.4 and 0.1±0.4 score increase for the highest concentrations, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Chyme entering the small bowel induces nutrient-spedfic gastric relaxatory reflexes by a physiologically saturable mechanism. Normally, neither the intestinal nutrient load nor the gastric accommodative response is perceived.
文摘The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.
基金The work was subsidized by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects(973).project number G1999022205.
文摘Five coal char samples were burnt in thermobalance with ramp heating rate of 30 K/min. The pore structure of these char samples was studied through mercury intrusion method. Combined with the kinetic theory of gases, the data of surface area was used in fitting the results. As a result, the kinetic triplet was given. The analysis showed that five char samples share almost the same intrinsic activation energy of the overall reaction. The phenomenological implication of the derived combustion rate equation was given.
文摘This paper in the light of the structure parameters of the ramie fabric to research and evaluation it＇s heart-moisture comfort. Selected 15 kinds of ramie fabric to test the average density, the thickness, the tightness, the heat rate, the heat transfer coefficient, the Clo, the air permeability, the water vapor permeability and other performance index, used SPSS factor analysis to explore the main influence factors of porous ramie fabric＇s heat moisture comfort. Results shows that： the main influence factors of ramie fabric＇s heat-moisture is the heat preservation material, the air permeability and the moisture permeability, get the equation of porous ramie fabric＇ s heat-moisture comfort： F=0.45855y1＋0.30588y2＋0.13549y3, evaluated and sorted the sample fabric＇ s heat-moisture comfort.
文摘The temperature of a solar cell subjected to the incident global solar radiation as a function of the local day time is determined. A heat balance equation is solved considering the heat losses due to convection and thermal radiation. The cell efficiency is estimated as a measure of its performance. The results reveal that the temperature within the cell attains significant values. Nevertheless, the temperature dependence of its efficiency along the day time is not pronouncing. It slightly decreases with temperature.
