考虑双馈风电机组变流器控制参数的风电场内机组振荡分析

在风电场内,风电机组变流器控制参数设置不当可能会引发该机组及其他机组的功率振荡,威胁电力系统的正常运行。为了研究变流器控制参数对风电场内机组振荡的影响,以双馈风电机组为例,首先考虑变流器控制参数推导机组的能量函数。然后,分析变流器控制参数对机组能流功率和能量消耗的影响。接着,针对风电场内机组变流器控制参数的不同,研究风电场内机组是否会发生振荡以及对其他机组的影响。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台上建模,深入分析了变流器控制参数对风电场内机组能流功率和能量消耗的影响。结果表明:在风电场内,机组变流器控制参数设置不当不仅会引起本机组发生自由振荡,也会造成风电场内其他机组振荡。

基于暂态能量流的双馈风电机组强迫振荡源定位

暂态能量流法是一种新型的振荡源定位方法。首先,根据暂态能量流的计算公式,结合双馈风电机组的轴系模型、网侧变换器模型及双馈感应电机的三阶简化模型,推导适用于双馈风电机组的暂态能量流,并定义能流功率作为判断能量流向的指标。然后,对双馈风电机组加入强迫振荡源后的频率特性进行分析。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真平台搭建包含强迫振荡源的单机无穷大系统和多台风电机组经串补并网系统进行时域仿真。利用采集的数据计算暂态能量流和能流功率,验证了暂态能量流法对双馈风电机组强迫振荡源定位的有效性。

New State Recovery Attacks on the Grain v1 Stream Cipher

The Grain v1 stream cipher is one of the seven finalists in the final e STREAM portfolio. Though many attacks have been published,no recovery attack better than exhaustive key search on full Grain v1 in the single key setting has been found yet. In this paper,new state recovery attacks on Grain v1 utilizing the weak normality order of the employed keystream output function in the cipher are proposed. These attacks have remarkable advantages in the offline time,online time and memory complexities,which are all better than exhaustive key search. The success probability of each new attack is 0.632. The proposed attack primarily depends on the order of weak normality of the employed keystream output function. This shows that the weak normality order should be carefully considered when designing the keystream output functions of Grain-like stream ciphers.

High Performance Double-Interleaved Dual Boost Converter and 3 Phase Grid Connected Converter for Wind Turbine

This paper proposes a high performance double-interleaved dual boost （DIDB） technique to solve the problems of high ripple current, large inductor size and the requirement of step-up transformer in many case found in the conventional DC-DC boost converter. The 3-phase grid connected converter with decoupling control give an independent control between active and reactive power using the load current feed-forward. With this technique, the disturbance rejection and the output power quality can be improved. Experiments are conducted with three case studies： 1） a test of the DIDB converter to determine current ripple and voltage gain, 2） a test of the 3-phase grid connected converter to determine DC-link voltage regulation, power factor and total harmonic distortion （THD）, and 3） a test of the overall system with a 7.5 kW wind turbine simulator by step and various input wind speeds to determine the output power at the grid side and verify the maximum peak power tracking （MPPT） performance. The results can confirm that the DIDB converter gives lower ripple current and higher voltage gain than the conventional converter. For the grid side, the 3-phase grid connected converter can regulate the DC-link with fast dynamic response to disturbance rejection and low overshoot while complying with the THD standard defined in IEEE 519-1992. In addition, the MPPT controller is able to achieve the maximum energy capture with the various input wind speeds.

MACRO-KINETICS BEHAVIOR OF GOLD RECOVERY BY ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS (ACFs) IN A FLUIDIZED BED

The recovery of Au by activated carbon fibers (ACFs) was carried out in a 40mm diameter, 1200mm height fluidized bed. The rates of reaction of the functional fibers with Au3+ in the pure aurum solution and in the aurum-containing wastewater were measured respectively at the different solution flow rates, and compared with the results under the static solution conditions. Experimental results indicated that the reaction rates in fluidization are notably higher than those in the static state and increase with the increase of solution flow rate. It demonstrates that the thickness of the concentration boundary layer is decreased and a uniform temperature field is established in the bed due to increasing of the turbulent extent with the relative fiber/solution velocity.

Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle

With the combination of engine and two electric machines, the power split device allows higher efficiency of the engine. The operation modes of a power split HEV are analyzed, and the system dynamic model is established for HEV forward simulation and controller design. Considering the fact that the operation modes of the HEV are event-driven and the system dynamics is continuous time-driven for each mode, the structure of the controller is built and described with the hybrid automaton control theory. In this control structure, the mode selection process is depicted by the finite state machine （FSM）. The multi-mode switch controller is designed to realize power distribution. Furthermore, the vehicle mode operations are optimized, and the nonlinear model predictive control （NMPC） strategy is applied by implementing dynamic programming （DP） in the finite pre- diction horizon. Comparative simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid control structure is effective and feasible for HEV energy management design. The NMPC optimal strategy is superior in improving fuel economy.

Al-doping effects on the photovoltaic performance of inverted polymer solar cells

The properties of Al-doped Zn O(AZO) play an important role in the photovoltaic performance of inverted polymer solar cells(PSCs), which is used as electron transport and hole blocking buffer layers. In this work, we study the effects of Al-doping level in AZO on device performance in detail. Results indicate that the device performance intensely depends on the Al-doping level. The AZO thin films with Al-doping atomic percentage of 1.0% possess the best conductivity. The resulting solar cells show the enhanced short current density and the fill factor(FF) simultaneously, and the power conversion efficiency(PCE) is improved by 74%, which are attributed to the reduced carrier recombination and the optimized charge transport and extraction between AZO and the active layer.

Lock-up function of fluorine enhances photovoltaic performance of polythiophene

Three model polythiophenes,PTCBT,PTCFBT and PFTCBT,have been synthesized to investigate the effect of fluorination on photovoltaic performance of polythiothenes.Compared with PTCBT,PFTCBT with F atom on TC unit shows a narrower optical bandgap(1.79 eV),higher crystallinity,and ideal morphology in the active layer,leading to a higher short-circuit current density(J_(SC))of 11.84 mA/cm^2 and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.93%.The lock-up function of fluorine enhances polythiophene backbone planarity and molecular packing.