Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian...Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building.展开更多
This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that...This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that the town of Pomorie is examined. Data on the quality of the consumed electric energy and the price per a four-member family are presented. The amount of the solar radiation for the town of Pomorie is audited through the PVGIS （Photovoltaic Geographical Information System）. Discussed are the types of photovoltaic panels offered on the market by manufacturers in terms of the received power efficiency. Developed is a model of creating a photovoltaic system on the roof of a house, inhabited by several families. Calculations are made on the cost of the electricity generated by the proposed system. Compared is the cost of the electricity supplied by the electricity provider EVN （Energie Verntinftig Nutzen） in the town of Pomorie to the one that will be obtained using the proposed PV-system.展开更多
Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to cont...Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.展开更多
This paper summarizes the results of energy simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of building characteristics in reducing electrical energy consumption in residential buildings （conditioned and unconditi...This paper summarizes the results of energy simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of building characteristics in reducing electrical energy consumption in residential buildings （conditioned and unconditioned） and commercial buildings （office ＆ hotel） in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on building envelope performance is investigated for different strategies such as window size, glazing type and building construction for two geographical locations in Egypt. This paper also studies the energy savings in residential and nonresidential buildings for different lighting power densities （LPD）, energy input ratios （EIR）, set point temperatures （SPT） and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning （I-WAC） systems. The study shows certain findings of practical significance, e.g. that a window-to-wall ratio of 0.20 and reasonably shaded windows lower the total annual electricity use for nonresidential buildings by more than 20% in the two Egyptian locations.展开更多
文摘Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building.
文摘This report deals with some characteristics of the electric power system of Bulgaria. Emphasis is put on the benefits of joining the small photovoltaic plants in the tourist areas of the country. As an example of that the town of Pomorie is examined. Data on the quality of the consumed electric energy and the price per a four-member family are presented. The amount of the solar radiation for the town of Pomorie is audited through the PVGIS （Photovoltaic Geographical Information System）. Discussed are the types of photovoltaic panels offered on the market by manufacturers in terms of the received power efficiency. Developed is a model of creating a photovoltaic system on the roof of a house, inhabited by several families. Calculations are made on the cost of the electricity generated by the proposed system. Compared is the cost of the electricity supplied by the electricity provider EVN （Energie Verntinftig Nutzen） in the town of Pomorie to the one that will be obtained using the proposed PV-system.
文摘Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.
文摘This paper summarizes the results of energy simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of building characteristics in reducing electrical energy consumption in residential buildings （conditioned and unconditioned） and commercial buildings （office ＆ hotel） in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on building envelope performance is investigated for different strategies such as window size, glazing type and building construction for two geographical locations in Egypt. This paper also studies the energy savings in residential and nonresidential buildings for different lighting power densities （LPD）, energy input ratios （EIR）, set point temperatures （SPT） and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning （I-WAC） systems. The study shows certain findings of practical significance, e.g. that a window-to-wall ratio of 0.20 and reasonably shaded windows lower the total annual electricity use for nonresidential buildings by more than 20% in the two Egyptian locations.
