油气资源勘探开发面临投资成本高、风险高、不确定性等诸多问题,传统的油气资源经济评价方法有净现值法、级差地租(矿利)法、储量成本法以及未广泛使用的勘察费用倍数法等,近年来国际上涌现了新的经济评价方法——能源投资回报(Energy R...油气资源勘探开发面临投资成本高、风险高、不确定性等诸多问题,传统的油气资源经济评价方法有净现值法、级差地租(矿利)法、储量成本法以及未广泛使用的勘察费用倍数法等,近年来国际上涌现了新的经济评价方法——能源投资回报(Energy Return on Investment)方法,这些方法在油气资源经济评价过程中各有优劣。从能源经济评价的理论和方法角度,阐述了净现值法和能源投资回报方法在实际应用中的优点和不足。在国际油气项目开发经济评价案例中,应该综合各种经济评价方法的优点,规避缺陷,建立动态的经济评价体系,为油气资源开发的时间选择、最佳开发方式、环境社会影响等重要投资决策提供科学依据。展开更多
In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the susta...In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.展开更多
文摘油气资源勘探开发面临投资成本高、风险高、不确定性等诸多问题,传统的油气资源经济评价方法有净现值法、级差地租(矿利)法、储量成本法以及未广泛使用的勘察费用倍数法等,近年来国际上涌现了新的经济评价方法——能源投资回报(Energy Return on Investment)方法,这些方法在油气资源经济评价过程中各有优劣。从能源经济评价的理论和方法角度,阐述了净现值法和能源投资回报方法在实际应用中的优点和不足。在国际油气项目开发经济评价案例中,应该综合各种经济评价方法的优点,规避缺陷,建立动态的经济评价体系,为油气资源开发的时间选择、最佳开发方式、环境社会影响等重要投资决策提供科学依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC)( No. 60902041)Chinese Academy of Sciences ( No. 2010045)the Ministry of Science and Technology( MOST) of China ( No. 2010DFB10410,No. 2009DFB13080 and No. 2009ZX03003-009)
文摘In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.