基于投入产出方法的能源消耗强度因素模型

能源消耗强度的影响因素可概括为结构因素和技术因素。运用投入产出方法,可以从生产的角度用产业结构和能源直接消耗技术、从使用的角度用需求结构和能源完全消耗技术建立能源消耗强度因素模型,全面地对能源消耗强度进行因素分析。在实际应用中,还需要在投入产出方法的基础上进行改进和补充,构造实用的和扩展的能源消耗强度因素模型并进行因素分析。

海口市旅游业直接能源需求与CO_2排放的定量测算

旅游业利用能源,并由此产生CO2排放是旅游业环境影响的重要方面。由于独特的地理位置和优越的海洋旅游资源,旅游业对海口市的经济的贡献较大,是国民经济的支柱产业。动态来看,随着产业规模的不断扩大,旅游业能耗与排放无论是存量还是增量都呈明显的增势。海口市旅游业能源消耗及CO2排放关乎海南生态之岛、绿色之岛、和谐之岛建设的大计。由于国情及旅游业发展实际等因素,国内现有的旅游业能耗与排放的测算中涉及的各种交通工具、酒店及旅游活动的单位能耗与排放强度等核心参数几乎都使用的是国外5年甚至10年前的经验数据。本文采用自下而上法,结合大量的实地调研,采用符合我国及海口市实际的能耗与排放强度关键参数,较为准确地测算了海口市2011年旅游业直接能源消耗与CO2排放量。结果表明,2011年海口市旅游业直接能耗为28.11PJ,占当年全市总能耗的22.67%;旅游业直接CO2排放总量为2.12Mt。旅游业正在或已经成为海口市重点用能产业。为应对气候变化和节能减排,应设法延长游客在海口的停留天数、减少进出往返的飞行次数;加快建立旅游酒店行业能源统计与审计制度,积极引入合同能源管理;在充分研究论证的基础上,考虑开征旅游环境税或生态补偿基金等。

Techniques to Reduce the Energy Consumption in Building in Hot Arid Rejoin （Iraq）

The Iraqi climate is extremely hot and arid zone covers a belt between latitude （29°N to 36°N）. The energy required for air conditioning of Iraqi buildings is about 60% of the entire energy consumption in buildings. This research deals with the possibility of using different technics for the reducing energy consumption in buildings by blocking or eliminates the effect of direct solar radiation in summer season. This study deals with different local insulation materials which were added to the south face of walls surface of Iraqi buildings, as well as built water spray system upon the exterior roof surface to minimize the effect of incident solar radiation upon the roofs and wall surfaces. The results showed that thermal conductivity of local insulation materials （papyrus） are very low, also the results showed that when using water spray roof system, gives good indication to use this method in hot arid rejoins.