火电厂能源耗用指标的管控策略及考核系统的构建

对火电机组不同状态下的能源耗用分布情况进行分析,以不同状态下各项耗用指标的影响权重和占比为着手点,与各状态的工况特点相结合开展研究,制定降低能源耗用的管控策略。根据策略构建对应的指标考核系统,督促生产人员采取措施来降低生产过程中的能源耗用,进而达到降低火电厂发电成本的目的。

中国人造板行业的生命周期碳足迹和能源耗用评估

降低温室气体排放是应对气候变化的重要措施,基于生命周期分析的碳足迹评估被广泛应用于量化产品的温室气体排放。在减排承诺背景下,林业部门在应对气候变化中具有重要贡献。中国作为世界最大的人造板生产和出口国,人造板行业的碳足迹和能源耗用问题,是评价林业产业环境影响的重要领域。本文依据ISO 14067标准,测度了中国胶合板、纤维板和刨花板行业"从摇篮到大门"系统界限的碳足迹,通过对比国内外人造板行业的能源耗用,评估了中国人造板行业的节能潜力,结合量化改进方案的减排效果,提出了人造板行业减排和市场结构改善的建议措施。研究发现:①中国现有人造板行业的碳足迹结构中,纤维板最大(708.74 kg CO_2e),胶合板最小(312.08 kg CO_2e),刨花板居中(410.79 kg CO_2e)。其中原材料获取对碳足迹贡献最大,化工材料如脲醛树脂胶的生产和使用是最主要的温室气体排放源;②对标国际标准和技术进步要求,中国人造板行业的能源耗用可减少13.27%～47.99%;③用木质燃料替代化石能源,对人造板行业的温室气体减排可实现11.53%～42.30%的提升空间。

试析人类耗用能源对气候变暖的贡献

在对地球气候变暖原因的探讨中．人们较注意“温室气体”的贡献．但与“温室气体”排放几乎同时进行的巨额热量的释放也是不应忽视的：由２０５个国家和地区在１年内消耗的商品能源量数据．计算出每年释放的热量相当于地球接受 ３０分钟的太阳辐射量．在绝热情况下可使全球陆地２ ｍ厚的表层、全球海洋２ｍ深的水体和全球大气温度提高０．０６℃：对上述结果进行了讨论。

绿色饭店能源消耗评估指标体系的研究与应用

以调查取样的数据为基础,参照国外先进水平,通过对关键指标的计算和影响因素的统计分析,构建了一个量化的饭店经营能耗指标体系和评估模型,用以指导饭店的能耗管理。在此基础上,通过评估模型的应用,可以评价一个饭店能耗使用的等级,为饭店能耗管理提供了量化管理的规范,以产生良好的节能效益。

基于“3E”三角模型的企业碳绩效评价指标体系构建

针对目前我国缺乏可量化、自下而上的碳绩效评价体系的现状,本文基于"生态效率"指标,借鉴国际准则及《可持续发展报告指南》(GRI)构建符合中国国情的"经济-能源-环境(Economy-Energy-Environment,3E)"三角模型的碳绩效评价指标体系,该体系可以对企业披露的碳信息是否真实加以检验,即判断企业是否存在"刷绿"嫌疑;随后对某石油企业进行碳绩效等级评价的实证检验。结果表明:该公司碳绩效存在刷绿嫌疑。碳绩效评价体系要更好地应用于实践,国家应建立第三方碳审计与鉴证机制进行监督,企业需丰富碳信息披露理论来提高碳信息的有效性。

低碳经济下的中国物流

本文首先介绍了什么是低碳经济,对我国物流在低碳经济下的发展问题作了分析,并结合现代物流企业在现阶段所采取的对策,针对低碳经济下中国物流如何发展提出了一些建议,进行了有益的探索。

Pre-treatment of rocks prior to comminution--A critical review of present practices

It has been an established fact that comminution processes, crushing and grinding, are most energy intensive processes which account for more than half of the total energy consumed in mineral industries.Various alternative pre-treatment methods have been tried by experts around the globe. Although these methods yielded positive results in terms of reduction in energy consumption in crushing and particularly, in grinding operations at laboratory scale, their industrial application still remains an unresolved issue and challenge. Present review paper describes each one of these methods along with outcome of earlier studies and issues that need to be addressed through further rigorous experimental investigation.It also suggests the direction in which future studies can be carried out to meet the primary objective of making comminution processes more energy efficient than today they are.

Energy Efficient Switch Policy for Small Cells

Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.

Energy Performance Analysis of Ice Thermal Storage for Commercial HVAC Systems

Ice thermal storage is a promising technology to reduce energy costs by shifting the cooling cost from on-peak to off-peak periods. The paper investigates the application of ice thermal storage and its impact on energy consumption, demand and total energy cost. Energy simulation software along with a chiller model is used to simulate the energy consumption and demand for the existing office building located in central Florida. Furthermore, the study presents a case study to demonstrate the cost saving achieved by the ice storage applications. The results show that although the energy consumption may increase by using ice thermal storage, the energy cost drops significantly, mainly depending on the local utility rate structure. It found that for the investigated system the annual energy consumption increases by about 12% but the annual energy cost drops by about 3 6%.

Embodied coefficient of energy carriers and its calculation method

To quantify the energy consumption in the process of production, transportation and processing of energy carriers, the life cycle of building energy used can be divided into two phases： on-site phase and embodied phase. As for the embodied phase, with the data in existing statistic yearbook, the consumption items of energy production and transportation were investigated. And based on the life cycle theory, an embodied coefficient of energy carriers was proposed to quantify the embodied energy consumption. Moreover, a calculation method for the embodied coefficient of energy carriers was deduced using Leontief inverse matrix based on the existing data sources. With relevant data of 2005-2007 in China, the embodied coefficients in 2005-2007 were obtained, in which the values for natural gas and thermal power are around 1.3 and 3. l, respectively; while they are 1.03-1.08 for other selected energy carriers. In addition, it is also found that the consumption in the production and processing accounts for more than 75%.

A comparison of the energy consumption and carbon emissions for different modes of transportation in open-cut coal mines

Transportation accounts for 80% of open-cut coal mine carbon emissions. With regard to the energy con- sumption and carbon emissions of transportation within an open-cut mine, this paper systematically compared the work and energy consumption of a truck and belt conveyor on a theoretical basis, and con- structed a model to calculate the energy consumption of open-cut mine transportation. Life cycle carbon emission factors and power consumption calculation model were established through a Process Analysis- Life Cycle Analysis （PA-LCA）. The following results were obtained： （1） the energy consumption of truck transportation was four to twelve times higher than that of the belt conveyor; （2） the C02 emissions from truck transportation were three to ten times higher than those of the belt conveyor; （3） with the increase in the slope angle for transportation, the ratio of truck to belt conveyor for both energy consumption and carbon emissions gradually decreased; （4） based on 2013 prices in China, the energy cost of transportation using a belt conveyor in open-cut coal mines could save 0.6-2.4 Yuan/（t kin） compared to truck transportation.

The cardboard furniture design under low carbon economy

This paper presents the furniture design in the face of resource, energy consumption and environment accelerate the lasting damage to low carbon economy circumstances, human face the challenges of survival, should consider how to meet the low carbon era of mankind to the demand for the use of green furniture. Through the low carbon economy society demand, I think the current board furniture is under low carbon economy best green furniture, in the current, the cardboard furniture design of the low carbon times in addition to meet the use function, we should pay more attention to environmental protection and resource utilization, reduce the damage to the environment, with cardboard furniture design scientifically, reduce waste.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)Production Cycle in APCI Process

The appropriate production of liquefied natural gas(LNG)with least consuming energy and maximum efficiency is quite important.In this paper,LNG production cycle by means of APCI Process has been studied.Energy equilibrium equations and exergy equilibrium equations of each equipment in the APCI cycle were established.The equipments are described using rigorous thermodynamics and no significant simplification is assumed.Taken some operating parameters as key parameters,influences of these parameters on coefficient of performance(COP)and exergy efficiency of the cascading cycle were analyzed.The results indicate that COP and exergy efficiency will be improved with the increasing of the inlet pressure of MR(mixed refrigerant)compressors,the decreasing of the NG and MR after precooling process,outlet pressure of turbine,inlet temperature of MR compressor and NG temperature after cooling in main cryogenic heat exchanger(MCHE).The COP and exergy efficiency of the APCI cycle will be above 2% and 40%,respectively,after optimizing the key parameters.

Energy and environmental life-cycle assessment of passenger car electrification based on Beijing driving patterns

This paper examines the energy and environmental benefits within the whole life cycle shifting from traditional gasoline vehicles to electrified advanced vehicles under regional real-world driving behaviors. The advance vehicles focus on family passenger cars and include battery electric vehicles （BEVs）, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles （PHEVs）, and hybrid electric vehicles （HEVs）. The GREET （greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation） model is adopted with regional circumstances modifications, especially the UF （utility factors） of PHEVs. The results show that the electrified vehicles offer great benefits concerning energy consumption, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions as well as urban Particulate Matter 2,5 （PMz.s） emissions. Compared to conventional gasoline vehicles, the life-cycle total energy reduction for advance vehicles is 51% to 57%. There is little difference on energy reduction among the HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs, with the energy mix shifting from petroleum to coal for the stronger electrification. The reductions of GHG emissions are 57% for HEV, 54% to 48% for PHEVs with 10 miles to 40 miles CD range, and 40% for BEV. The life-cycle and local PM2.5 emissions are discussed separately. The life-cycle PM2.5 emissions increase with vehicle electrification and reach a maximum for the BEV which are 5% higher than the conventional vehicle （CV）. However, electric vehicles can shift PM2.5 emissions from vehicle operation to upstream operations and help mitigate PM2.5 emissions in urban areas. The local emissions of PHEVs and BEVs can be reduced by 37% to 81% and 100% compared with CVs.