基于Kaya方法的云南碳排放因素分析

利用kaya恒等式和LMDI因式分解方法对云南省1986—2015年的相关数据进行分析,以探求影响云南省碳排放和云南省能源强度的相关因素。研究结果表明:云南省碳排放总量以及人均碳排放呈波动上升趋势,GDP能耗呈稳步下降趋势;在影响碳排放的经济效应、强度效应、结构效应、人口效应等4个因素中,强度效应是抑制碳排放增长的主要因素,而经济效应则是促进碳排放增长的因素;对能源强度进一步分解分析后发现,第二产业能耗强度下降是降低能源强度对碳排放增长的主要方式。在此基础上,提出包括改变经济增长及发展方式、提高能源利用效率以及发展新能源和再生资源的建议。

中国石油安全隐忧与对策

我国在石油开采、石油储备、石油定价权、石油开发与储运的周边环境以及能源耗费等方面存在诸多隐忧。保障我国石油安全,应从海外石油的占有和控制、石油储备体系的建设、石油期货市场的建立、地缘政治关系的协调以及节能和石油替代能源的开发等方面采取相应的措施。

Balanced energy-efficient relay selection scheme in wireless mobile relay networks

In order to resolve the relay selection problem in wireless mobile relay networks （WMRNs）, a novel balanced energy-efficient mobile relay selection scheme is proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional counter-based algorithm, distance and energy consumption are considered from network respect to provide a better network lifetime performance in the proposed scheme. Also, it performs well when nodes move freely at high speed. A random assessment delay （RAD） mechanism is added to avoid collisions and improve transmission efficiency. Simulation results reveal that, the proposed scheme has advantages in prolonging network lifetime, balancing energy compared with existing counter-based scheme. consumption and reducing the total energy consumption

Energy Efficient Switch Policy for Small Cells

Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.

Energy Efficiency-Based Decision Making in Cognitive Radio Networks

As a constraint for smart devices,energy consumption has attract people's attention for a long time period. How to get higher resource utilization with less energy consumption is a challenge for cognitive radio networks. Secondary users have to participate in spectrum sensing at the cost of energy and access idle spectrum without interfering primary users. However,not all participating secondary users can access idle spectrum. How to ensure the participation users access spectrum efficiently with a larger probability is an urgent problem to be solved. We propose an Energy Efficiency-based Decision Making(EEDM) for cognitive radio networks,which fully considers residual energy and probability of obtaining spectrum resources. Simulation and analysis show that the proposed scheme can maximize proportion of allocated users under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of spectrum sensing,then balance users' energy consumption and access efficiency,so as to effectively improve the utilization of spectrum resources.

Ecological Footprint Dynamics of Yunnan, China

A fundamental element of sustainable development is that humans live within nature's biological capacity. Quantifying this, however, remains a significant challenge for which there are many emerging tools. The concept of the Ecological Footprint is one such accounting tool for comprehensive assessment of the status of sustainable development, based on integration of resource consumption and land capacity, reflecting the human impact on the environment. A region's development is defined as unsustainable when the Ecological Footprint surpasses the biological capacity. In this paper, the Ecological Footprint concept was applied in assessing the development of Yunnan Province, China in a period between 1988 and 2006. The results showed that the Ecological Footprint per capita in Yunnan rose from 0.854 gha in 1988 to 2.11 gha in 2006. Ecological deficit, defined as when the human demand on the land surpasses the regions biological productive capacity, emerged in 1991 and quickly increased from 0.02 gha in 1991 to 1.05 gha in 2006. The increase in the ecological deficit is primarily a result of the rapid increase in population and consumption level. To achieve sustainable development in Yunnan, production and consumption rates need to be modified.

A Survey on a Heat Exchangers Network to Decrease Energy Consumption by Using Pinch Technology

There are several ways to increase the efficiency of energy consumption and to decrease energy consumption. In this paper. the application of pinch technology in analysis of the heat exchangers network （HEN） in order to reduce the energy consumption in a thermal system is studied. Therefore, in this grass root design, the optimum value of △Tmin, is obtained about 10℃and area efficiency （a） is 0.95. The author also depicted the grid diagram and driving force plot for additional analysis. In order to increase the amount of energy saving, heat transfer from above to below the pinch point in the diagnosis stage is verified for all options including re-sequencing, re-piping, add heat exchanger and splitting of the flows. Results show that this network has a low potential of retrofit to decrease the energy consumption, which pinch principles are planned to optimize energy consumption of the unit. Regarding the results of pinch analysis, it is suggested that in order to reduce the energy consumption, no alternative changes in the heat exchangers network of the unit is required. The acquired results show that the constancy of network is completely confirmed by the high area efficiency infirmity of the heat exchanger to pass the pinch point and from of deriving force plot.

Method of Evaluating Social Benefit of Energy-Conservation Based Generation Dispatching in Guangdong Province

Energy-conservation based generation dispatching is the revolutionary change in operation mode which could reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions, promote power industry restructuring, and achieve sustainable development. Social benefit evaluation of the energy-conservation based generation dispatching under the new situation and environment has come into being as an important theoretical issue. A new scenario analysis based social benefit evluating method, which is implemented by comparing the energy., consumption and pollutant emissions of different scenarios defined by the key indicators, i.e., load factor and coal consumption structure, is proposed in the paper. Then the composition of social benefit is analyzed from the point of the dispatching mode and the coal consumption structure. The method proposed is of clear physical meaning. It is not only practical, but also applicable for the implementation of energy-conservation based generation dispatching in diffferent phases and with different goals.

四川省综合交通系统碳排放驱动因子测算分析

为了响应四川省交通运输行业节能减排工作的深入推进，基于对数平均迪氏分解法（LMDI），构建四川省交通运输业碳排放驱动因子分解模型，定量测算了四川省2000—2015年交通运输行业碳排放变化的主要影响因素及各因素贡献率。结果表明：目前，四川省交通运输业碳排放量对运输结构变化最为敏感，其中由于公路运输承担周转量比例最大，单位周转量耗能水平高，成为行业碳排放的主要来源；交通运输业经济发展水平和人口规模对碳排放总量的影响程度较强；能耗效率的提高对碳排放表现为抑制作用。未来，综合运输系统结构的完善和新能源交通的普及，将有利于进一步挖掘四川省交通运输行业的节能减排潜力。

零售商场的灯光设计

概括了商场灯光设计需要重点考虑的因素，介绍了几种不同的灯光类型，并提出了灯光设计方面的一些建议。