针对双碳目标下100%可再生能源供能的乡村多种产业垃圾废物处理、能源供需间协调优化问题,提出一种考虑粪污及生活垃圾处理设施供能特性与可再生能源协同的乡村多能源系统优化自治运行模型。首先,研究乡村畜牧养殖业粪污制气设施与垃圾...针对双碳目标下100%可再生能源供能的乡村多种产业垃圾废物处理、能源供需间协调优化问题,提出一种考虑粪污及生活垃圾处理设施供能特性与可再生能源协同的乡村多能源系统优化自治运行模型。首先,研究乡村畜牧养殖业粪污制气设施与垃圾焚烧发电设施的废物处理与能源产出特性,建立乡村废物处理设施的电、气能源供给模型;其次,研究大中型乡镇区域内电、热、燃气等多种类能源负荷的需求特性,建立基于100%可再生能源及废物处理设施供能的乡村多能源系统(villages multi-energy system integrated waste treatment and renewable energy,VMES-WRE)模型;然后,根据VMES-WRE能量输运特性,将其划分为供给侧、能量转换侧和负荷侧3个层次,研究基于3个层次协调的VMES-WRE供能、转换、存储和消费过程的多能量流自治优化运行策略;最后,以我国东北某大型乡村多能源系统及废物处理设施运行数据为基础,建立考虑废物处理供能与可再生能源协调的乡村多能源系统自治优化运行仿真模型,仿真结果表明,提出的乡村多能源系统自治优化模型能够有效协调废物处理设施供能与可再生能源波动,在满足乡村多能源负荷需求及垃圾处理要求的前提下,有效提升能源供给自治能力和运行经济性。展开更多
Nickel nanowire and nanotube arrays as supports for Pt-Pd catalyst were prepared by elec- troless deposition with anodic aluminum oxide template. Pt-Pd composite catalyst was de- posited on the arrays by displacement ...Nickel nanowire and nanotube arrays as supports for Pt-Pd catalyst were prepared by elec- troless deposition with anodic aluminum oxide template. Pt-Pd composite catalyst was de- posited on the arrays by displacement reaction. SEM images show that the nickel nanowires have an average diameter of I00 nm and the nickel nanotubes have an average inner diameter of 200 nm. EDS scanning reveals that elemental Pt and Pd disperse uniformly on the arrays. Cyclic voltammetry study indicates that the nickel nanotube array loaded with Pt-Pd pos- sesses a higher electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation than the nickel nanowire array with Pt-Pd.展开更多
Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)are a series of highly porous crystalline materials,which are built from inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers through coordination bonds.Their unique porous structural features(such...Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)are a series of highly porous crystalline materials,which are built from inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers through coordination bonds.Their unique porous structural features(such as high porosity,high surface areas,and highly ordered nanoporous structures)and designable structures and compositions have facilitated their use in gas capture,separation,catalysis,and energy storage and conversion.Recently,the design and synthesis of pure MOFs and their derivatives have opened new routes to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER),which are the core electrode reactions in many energy storage and conversion techniques,such as metal‐air batteries and fuel cells.This review first discusses recent progress in the synthesis and the electrocatalytic applications of pure MOF‐based electrocatalysts toward ORR or OER,including pure MOFs,MOFs decorated with active species,and MOFs incorporated with conductive materials.The following section focuses on the advancements of the design and preparation of various MOF‐derived materials-such as inorganic nano‐(or micro‐)structures/porous carbon composites,pure porous carbons,pure inorganic nano‐(or micro‐)structured materials,and single‐atom electrocatalysts-and their applications in oxygen electrocatalysis.Finally,we present a conclusion and an outlook for some general design strategies and future research directions of MOF‐based oxygen electrocatalysts.展开更多
文摘针对双碳目标下100%可再生能源供能的乡村多种产业垃圾废物处理、能源供需间协调优化问题,提出一种考虑粪污及生活垃圾处理设施供能特性与可再生能源协同的乡村多能源系统优化自治运行模型。首先,研究乡村畜牧养殖业粪污制气设施与垃圾焚烧发电设施的废物处理与能源产出特性,建立乡村废物处理设施的电、气能源供给模型;其次,研究大中型乡镇区域内电、热、燃气等多种类能源负荷的需求特性,建立基于100%可再生能源及废物处理设施供能的乡村多能源系统(villages multi-energy system integrated waste treatment and renewable energy,VMES-WRE)模型;然后,根据VMES-WRE能量输运特性,将其划分为供给侧、能量转换侧和负荷侧3个层次,研究基于3个层次协调的VMES-WRE供能、转换、存储和消费过程的多能量流自治优化运行策略;最后,以我国东北某大型乡村多能源系统及废物处理设施运行数据为基础,建立考虑废物处理供能与可再生能源协调的乡村多能源系统自治优化运行仿真模型,仿真结果表明,提出的乡村多能源系统自治优化模型能够有效协调废物处理设施供能与可再生能源波动,在满足乡村多能源负荷需求及垃圾处理要求的前提下,有效提升能源供给自治能力和运行经济性。
文摘Nickel nanowire and nanotube arrays as supports for Pt-Pd catalyst were prepared by elec- troless deposition with anodic aluminum oxide template. Pt-Pd composite catalyst was de- posited on the arrays by displacement reaction. SEM images show that the nickel nanowires have an average diameter of I00 nm and the nickel nanotubes have an average inner diameter of 200 nm. EDS scanning reveals that elemental Pt and Pd disperse uniformly on the arrays. Cyclic voltammetry study indicates that the nickel nanotube array loaded with Pt-Pd pos- sesses a higher electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation than the nickel nanowire array with Pt-Pd.
文摘Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)are a series of highly porous crystalline materials,which are built from inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers through coordination bonds.Their unique porous structural features(such as high porosity,high surface areas,and highly ordered nanoporous structures)and designable structures and compositions have facilitated their use in gas capture,separation,catalysis,and energy storage and conversion.Recently,the design and synthesis of pure MOFs and their derivatives have opened new routes to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)and oxygen evolution reactions(OER),which are the core electrode reactions in many energy storage and conversion techniques,such as metal‐air batteries and fuel cells.This review first discusses recent progress in the synthesis and the electrocatalytic applications of pure MOF‐based electrocatalysts toward ORR or OER,including pure MOFs,MOFs decorated with active species,and MOFs incorporated with conductive materials.The following section focuses on the advancements of the design and preparation of various MOF‐derived materials-such as inorganic nano‐(or micro‐)structures/porous carbon composites,pure porous carbons,pure inorganic nano‐(or micro‐)structured materials,and single‐atom electrocatalysts-and their applications in oxygen electrocatalysis.Finally,we present a conclusion and an outlook for some general design strategies and future research directions of MOF‐based oxygen electrocatalysts.
