We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration level...We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels： starvation, 2%, 3%, 4% bwd （body weight per day, based on initial mean values）, and apparent satiation. Feed consumption, apparent digestibility, and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight, dry weight, protein, and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight （SGRw, %/d） and RL （%） was characterized by a decelerating curve： SGRw=- 1.417＋3.1661n（RL＋ 1）. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level, and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy （FERe） and RL was： FERe=- 14.167＋23.793RL-3.367（RL）2, and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW （kg）-0.80/d, the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was： 100IE=29.03FE＋5.78（ZE＋UE）＋39.56 HE＋25.63 RE, where IE is feed energy, FE is fecal energy, ZE＋UE is excretory energy, HE is heat production, and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd, whereas for energy growth, the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.展开更多
Some important questions for new energy development were discussed, such as the prediction and calculation of sea surface temperature, ocean wave, offshore platform price, typhoon track, fire status, vibration due to ...Some important questions for new energy development were discussed, such as the prediction and calculation of sea surface temperature, ocean wave, offshore platform price, typhoon track, fire status, vibration due to earthquake, energy price, stock market’s trend and so on with the fractal methods (including the four ones of constant dimension fractal, variable dimension fractal, complex number dimension fractal and fractal series) and the improved rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis).展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201003055)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2012BAD25B10,2012BAD26B05)the Central-Level Non-Profit Scientific Research Institutes Special Funds of China(No.HSY201412)
文摘We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels： starvation, 2%, 3%, 4% bwd （body weight per day, based on initial mean values）, and apparent satiation. Feed consumption, apparent digestibility, and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight, dry weight, protein, and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight （SGRw, %/d） and RL （%） was characterized by a decelerating curve： SGRw=- 1.417＋3.1661n（RL＋ 1）. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level, and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy （FERe） and RL was： FERe=- 14.167＋23.793RL-3.367（RL）2, and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW （kg）-0.80/d, the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was： 100IE=29.03FE＋5.78（ZE＋UE）＋39.56 HE＋25.63 RE, where IE is feed energy, FE is fecal energy, ZE＋UE is excretory energy, HE is heat production, and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd, whereas for energy growth, the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.
文摘Some important questions for new energy development were discussed, such as the prediction and calculation of sea surface temperature, ocean wave, offshore platform price, typhoon track, fire status, vibration due to earthquake, energy price, stock market’s trend and so on with the fractal methods (including the four ones of constant dimension fractal, variable dimension fractal, complex number dimension fractal and fractal series) and the improved rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis).
