密集区域民居建筑整体温度调节能耗预测

针对当前能耗预测时,普遍存在预测时间较长、拟合优度较低、成本开销较大等问题,提出基于人工鱼群算法的能耗预测方法.引入时间序列方法寻找出附近2个变量之间温度能耗密切程度,获取建筑温度能耗相关函数,得出建筑温度能耗季节关联性,采用人工鱼群算法对神经网络阈值进行优化,构建预测模型,以此完成能耗预测.实验结果表明,所提出方法预测时间较短,成本消耗较低,拟合优度较高.

浅析联合站原油处理系统的能耗管理

文中介绍老爷庙联合站原油处理系统能耗现状及特点,从强化节能意识、明确职责入手,通过实施油气集输生产过程的能耗技术管理,加强工艺参数、能耗设备的动态能耗评价及流程优化,提出建立体系,完善制度,全员提高素质、积极参与,使油气集输的能耗管理实现规范化、精细化和科学化。

VAV空调系统室内温度传感器位置的影响研究

采用动态仿真软件TRNSYS和数值模拟软件FLUENT相结合的方法,研究了VAV空调系统室内温度传感器位置的设置对人员热舒适性和空调系统能耗的影响。分别选取了4个不同的传感器采样点进行仿真试验,结果表明,对于VAV系统,传感器的位置对室内的温度场和速度场的影响较大,不同的传感器位置的布置,不仅影响室内的热舒适性,而且对系统的能耗也有一定的影响。

Experimental study on thermal characteristics of a double skin faade building

An experimental study of the thermal characteristics of an existing office building with double skin facade DSF were conducted in hot summer daytime in Nanjing China. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment were measured at different control modes of DSF.The results show that the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in room B with opened exterior vents a closed interior facade and an air cavity with shading was 21.0% less than that in room A with closed exterior vents a closed interior facade and air cavity without shading in 9.5 h. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment in both horizontal and vertical directions were decisively influenced by shading conditions. The usage of shading devices strengthens the stack effect on the air cavity. Compared to room A the temperature distribution in room B is more uniform with smaller fluctuations.Meanwhile the problem of overheating in the air cavity of the DSF is still present in all tested conditions.

使用吸附式制冷机实现大型低温系统氦压缩机节能的研究

采用喷油氦螺杆压缩机高压级润滑油废热驱动硅胶-水吸附式制冷机制取冷量,同时利用液氮槽排出的低温氮气冷却高压级压缩机吸、排气的方法可以显著降低压缩机的功耗。以EAST超导托卡马克可控核聚变装置低温系统为例,理论计算证明润滑油的废热完全可以驱动吸附式制冷机正常工作;采用吸附式制冷机+低温氮气冷却吸、排气后氦压缩机能耗可以减少9.7%。

超低能耗建筑中智能窗户对能耗的影响研究

在当前环境保护和能源节约的背景下,超低能耗建筑成为建筑行业的研究热点。智能窗户作为一种具有潜在能耗优势的技术,引起了广泛关注。本研究旨在深入探讨智能窗户在超低能耗建筑中的应用,并分析其对建筑能耗的影响机制。通过对智能窗户的技术原理、特性以及在建筑设计中的前景进行系统性研究,本文为超低能耗建筑提供了有益的理论指导。

Influence of Zeotropic Mixtures' Temperature Gliding on the Performance of Heat Transfer in Condenser or Evaporator

Many zeotropic refrigerant mixtures are proposed as alternatives to some chlorofluorocar-bons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons ( HCFCs). An advantage of zeotropic mixtures is the possibility of reduction in entropy generation by matching the temperature glidings of refrigerant and heat-transfer fluid in both condenser and evaporator. Zeotropic mixtures are compared with pure re-frigerants to evaluate their exergetic losses. On the other hand, the special phenomena which result from temperature gliding are proved by experiments. A simple equation is obtained, to evaluate dif-ferent zeotropic mixtures' exergetic losses. The maximum flow rate of heat-transfer fluids is found in order that refrigerants phase change can be completed. Lastly, some examples of zeotropic mix-tures ( R407C, R405A and R414B) are given, and their exergetic losses and maximum flow rate of heat-transfer fluids in condenser are forecasted.

Analyses on performances of heat and multilayer reflection insulators

This research was conducted to study the performances of the heat and multilayer reflection insulators used for buildings in South Korea to realize eco-friendly, low-energy-consumption, green construction, and to contribute to energy consumption reduction in buildings and to the nation＇s greenhouse gas emission reduction policy （targeting 30% reduction compared to BAUCousiness as usual） by 2020）. The heat insulation performance test is about the temperatures on surfaces of test piece. The high air temperature and the low air temperature were measured to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity. The conclusions are drawn that the heat transmission coefficients for each type of existing reflection insulator are： A-1 （0.045 W/（m-K））, A-2 （0.031 W/（m.K））, A-3 （0.042 W/（m.K））, A-4 （0.078 W/（m.K））, and the average heat conductivity is 0.049 W/（m-K）; The heat conductivity for each type of Styrofoam insulator are 0.030 W/（m.K） for B-l, 0.032 W/（m-K） for B-2, 0.037 W/（m＇K） for B-3, 0.037 W/（m.K） for B-4, and the average heat conductivity is 0.035 W/（m＇K） regardless of the thickness of the insulator; The heat conductivity values of the multilayer reflection insulators are converted based on the thickness and type C-1 （0.020 W/（m.K））, C-2 （0.018 W/（m.K））, C-3 （0.016 W/（m.K））, and C-4 （0.012 W/（m.K））; The multilayer reflection insulator keeps the indoor-side surface temperature high （during winter） or low （in summer）, enhances the comfort of the building occupants, and conducts heating and moisture resistance to prevent dew condensation on the glass-outer-wall surface.

Optically Powered Temperature Sensor with Optical Fiber Link

The principle of a new optical fiber temperature transducer is presented,and ingenious design scheme of this transducer is given.Because taking the special modulation and ratio measurement,this new transducer has provided with high characteristics:experimental transmitting distance is 500m;measurement error,in the measured temperature range of 0-250℃，,is less than ±0.5℃;power consumption of the probe is less than 300μW.Finally,some points of the experiment are given.

Two-and Three-Dimensional Urban Core Determinants of the Urban Heat Island： A Statistical Approach

There is no doubt that the UHI （urban heat island） is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to the energy retention by surface dense building materials, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. Much of the earlier research on the UHI has used two-dimensional （2-D） information, such as land uses and the distribution of vegetation. In the case of homogeneous land uses, it is possible to predict surface temperatures with reasonable accuracy with 2-D information. However, three-dimensional （3-D） information is necessary to analyze more complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with 2-D urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. The research includes the following stages： （1） estimating urban temperature; （2） developing a 3-D city model; （3） generating geometric parameters; and （4） conducting statistical analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models. The implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies aiming to reduce the UHI.

Innovative Production of PCMs （Phase Change Materials） Preparation by Vacuum Impregnation： Thermal Insulation Efficiency

Energy is essential for every human activity for more comfortable life, but it also consumes more natural resources. Fossil fuel is the major energy source for energy consumption, and it also emits a lot of air pollution during usage to atmosphere and not reproductively. Electrical energy is the secondary energy sources from fossil fuel which is used to operate air conditioning system. In order to control human comfort temperature, it is usually required when the temperature differences swing between indoor and outdoor temperatures. PCMs （phase change materials） are the high latent heat materials which can be used in building materials for energy conservation purpose. PCMs can store thermal energy and prevent heat to pass through temperature control areas. Paraffin has been used as PCMs which is absorbed into the pore of fly ash as paraffin/fly-ash composite and mixed into the buildings materials. Paraffin is an organic material with high melting point （-59 ~C） and nonflammable material, therefore, it can be used as the building materials for the function of PCMs for energy saving purposes. Composite PCMs can be prepared by vacuum impregnation process. Paraffin in liquid form will be impregnated into the pore of fly ash by vacuum capillary force to form paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Vacuum impregnation pressures, vacuum times, impregnation times of liquid paraffin in fly ash pores and temperatures for melting the solid paraffin into the liquid form are all affect on the thermal properties of paraffin/fly ash composite PCMs. Composite PCMs will be selected by the optimum thermal properties with optimum of the production conditions for replace the cement powder in the mortar plate compositions. Cement mortar plate with and without composite PCMs will be tested for the thermal insulation properties by comparison as the real day and night time for 8 h period from spot light turn on and off. Temperature detection on the surface and inside the model building under mortar plate with and without composite PCMs is detected every 1 min. Temperature differences between surface of mortar plate over the model building and inside temperature of model building under mortar plates increase with more composite PCMs contents in mortar plates. Thermal insulation efficiency in the building can be enhanced by the composite PCMs utilization as the composition of the building materials.

An effective thermodynamic transformation analysis method for actual irreversible cycle

An effective thermodynamic transformation analysis method was proposed in this study. According to the phenomenon of ex- ergy consumption always coupling with heat transfer process, the effective thermodynamic temperatures were defined, then the actual power cycle or refrigeration/heat pump cycle was transformed into the equivalent reversible Carnot or reverse Carnot cycles for thermodynamic analysis. The derived effective thermodynamic temperature of the hot reservoir of the equivalent reverse Camot cycle is the basis of the proposed method. The combined diagram of TR-h and TR-q was adopted for the analy- sis of the system performance and the exergy consumption, which takes advantage of the visual expression of the heat/work exchange and the enthalpy change, and is convenient for the calculation of the coefficient of performance and exergy con- sumptions. Take a heat pump water heater with refrigerant of R22 for example, the proposed method was systematically intro- duced, and the fitting formulas of the effective thermodynamic temperatures were given as demonstration. The results show that the proposed method has advantage and well application foreground in the performance simulation and estimation under the variable working conditions.