目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±...目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±13.58)岁。根据能谱CT和常规CT检查将病人分为A、B两组,每组各30例。其中,能谱CT获取的数据重建为单能谱(66 ke V)影像(A1组)和混合能谱影像(A2组);常规CT使用与能谱CT相同辐射剂量的扫描方案获取影像(B组)。测量脑灰质和脑白质的CT值和噪声,计算3组影像的信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并对影像噪声、后颅窝伪影、脑灰质和白质对比显示情况进行主观评分。计量资料的多组间比较采用ANOVA分析,进一步两两比较采用Tukey检验。等级资料的多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Nemenyi检验。采用Bland-Altman分析评价单能谱影像和常规影像之间的CT值的一致性。采用Kappa检验分析阅片者间的一致性。结果 A1组、A2组和B组的影像噪声、SNR、CNR分别为(1.87±0.38)HU、(2.14±0.46)HU和(2.25±0.49)HU,18.42±4.56、15.45±3.12和14.33±3.52,4.46±0.67、3.41±0.44和3.52±0.55。A1组的噪声、SNR和CNR均优于A2组和B组(均P<0.001),A2组与B组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A2组比A1组后颅窝兴趣区的CT值降低[(25.78±1.39)HU∶(29.47±1.82)HU,P<0.001],A2组受伪影影响大于A1组。A1、A2和B组中主观影像质量评分分别为1(1.0,1.5)、2(2.0,2.8)和3(2.1,3.0),评分者之间的一致性良好(Kappa=0.8)。能谱CT与常规CT的有效剂量分别为1.83 m Sv和1.88 m Sv。结论与常规CT相比,能谱探测器CT单能谱66 ke V成像在脑部CT平扫中,改善了影像质量并减少了后颅窝伪影,且不增加辐射剂量。展开更多
目的研究能谱探测器CT单能谱技术对固定义齿植入产生伪影的抑制和提高头颈部CT图像质量的能力。方法回顾性分析40例有义齿植入患者头颈部平扫图像,测量并计算常规图像和单能谱110 ke V图像中义齿产生伪影处的CT值、噪声(SD值)、金属伪...目的研究能谱探测器CT单能谱技术对固定义齿植入产生伪影的抑制和提高头颈部CT图像质量的能力。方法回顾性分析40例有义齿植入患者头颈部平扫图像,测量并计算常规图像和单能谱110 ke V图像中义齿产生伪影处的CT值、噪声(SD值)、金属伪影指数(AI),比较常规图像和单能谱110 ke V图像质量。结果常规图像CT1(义齿根部伪影暗区)[-336.50(-1024.00,-77.00)]与单能谱110 ke V图像[-195.00(-700.40,44.80)]差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),常规图像CT2(受义齿伪影干扰的口腔中部舌部软组织)[102.80(4.60,210.20)]与单能谱110 ke V[46.10(-0.20,91.60)]差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);而常规图像CT3(后颈部竖脊肌)[51.80(38.10,60.50)]与单能谱110 ke V图像[50.40(42.70,57.20)]差异无统计学意义(P=0.50);单能谱110 ke V图像│CT2-CT3│[14.55(0.00,44.00)]明显小于常规图像[51.30(0.30,168.30)](P=0.00)。单能谱110 ke V图像的SD2值[14.75(7.80,35.00)]显著小于常规图像[23.25(7.60,56.00)](P=0.00)。单能谱110 ke V图像的AI值[12.76(3.53,34.14)]显著小于常规图像[19.00(2.43,54.32)](P=0.00)。结论对于义齿植入术后患者,与常规图像相比较,单能谱110 ke V图像能有效减少伪影,进一步提高头颈部CT图像质量。展开更多
目的评估新一代能谱探测器CT在上腔静脉(SVC)CT成像中的应用价值。方法连续纳入30例患者,均接受胸部增强CT扫描,所有扫描图像重建为8个序列,包括120 k Vp常规扫描成像及40、50、60、70、80、90、100 ke V能级的能谱图像。在各组SVC管腔...目的评估新一代能谱探测器CT在上腔静脉(SVC)CT成像中的应用价值。方法连续纳入30例患者,均接受胸部增强CT扫描,所有扫描图像重建为8个序列,包括120 k Vp常规扫描成像及40、50、60、70、80、90、100 ke V能级的能谱图像。在各组SVC管腔近、中、远段勾画感兴趣区,测量各个感兴趣区及前胸壁均匀脂肪组织的CT值和标准差值,计算图像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)和每例患者所接受的有效剂量(ED)。由2名医师采用双盲法共同对图像质量进行主观评分。组间图像质量比较采用独立样本t检验,2名医师对图像质量的主观评分采用非参数检验,并计算Kappa(κ)值评价2名医师对图像质量分析的一致性。结果各个能级水平SVC管腔近、中、远段CT值差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。单能谱40 ke V时SVC管腔平均CT值为(223.51±40.35)HU,SNR为13.56±4.18,CNR为24.15±6.58,明显高于其他各能级组和常规扫描组[CT值:(97.70±13.85)HU;SNR:4.59±1.41;CNR:9.69±2.81](P<0.005)。所有患者所接受的平均ED为(2.04±0.63)m Sv。两位医师对图像质量的评分分别为1(1,2)、1(1,2),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.358,P=0.720)。两位医师对图像质量的主观评价具有非常好的一致性(κ=0.863,P=0.000)。结论应用能谱探测器CT可以良好地显示SVC,且显影最佳的单能谱能级是40 ke V。展开更多
目的研究能谱CT胰腺增强扫描的最佳单能量图像在胰腺癌血管侵犯评估中的应用价值。方法将31例胰腺癌血管侵犯患者的受侵血管进行后处理,比较最佳单能量图像及120 k Vp-like图像的CT值、CNR值,并使用主观评分法评估受侵血管的图像质量。...目的研究能谱CT胰腺增强扫描的最佳单能量图像在胰腺癌血管侵犯评估中的应用价值。方法将31例胰腺癌血管侵犯患者的受侵血管进行后处理,比较最佳单能量图像及120 k Vp-like图像的CT值、CNR值,并使用主观评分法评估受侵血管的图像质量。结果最佳单能量图像上动脉晚期受侵动脉与肿瘤实质的CNR高于120k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像上门脉期受侵静脉主干与肿瘤实质的CNR高于120 k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像动脉晚期动脉CT值、肿瘤实质CT值高于120 kVp-like图像的动脉及肿瘤实质(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像门脉期静脉CT值、肿瘤实质CT值高于120 k Vp-like图像的门脉期静脉及肿瘤实质CT值(P<0.01)。在动脉晚期及门脉期两组图像中,最佳单能量图像主观评分均高于120 k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),且两组图像均满足诊断需求,对最佳单能量及120 k Vp-like图像的主观评分一致性一般或较高。结论宽体探测器最佳单能量图像与120 k Vp-like图像相比能更好显示胰腺受侵犯血管,提高诊断价值。展开更多
A new velocity map imaging spectrometer is constructed for molecular reaction dynamics studies using time-resolved photoelectron/ion spectroscopy method. By combining a kHz pulsed valve and an ICCD camera, this veloci...A new velocity map imaging spectrometer is constructed for molecular reaction dynamics studies using time-resolved photoelectron/ion spectroscopy method. By combining a kHz pulsed valve and an ICCD camera, this velocity map imaging spectrometer can be run at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, totally compatible with the fs Ti:Sapphire laser system, facilitating time-resolved studies in gas phase which are usually time-consuming. Time-resolved velocity map imaging study of NH3 photodissociation at 200 nm was performed and the time-resolved total kinetic energy release spectrum of H+NH~ products provides rich information about the dissociation dynamics of NH3. These results show that this new apparatus is a powerful tool for investigating the molecular reaction dynamics using time-resolved methods.展开更多
The ultrafast dynamics of water molecules excited to the two F states is studied by combining two-photon excitation and time-resolved photoelectron imaging techniques. The lifetimes of the F1A1 and F1B1 states of H2O ...The ultrafast dynamics of water molecules excited to the two F states is studied by combining two-photon excitation and time-resolved photoelectron imaging techniques. The lifetimes of the F1A1 and F1B1 states of H2O (D2O) were derived to be 1.0±0.3 (1.9±0.4) and 10±3 (30±10) ps, respectively. We propose that the F1A1 state mainly decays through the D state, due to the nonadiabatic coupling between them, while the F1B1 state decays through the F1A1 state via Coriolis interaction.展开更多
The S_(1) state decay dynamics of 2-hydroxypyridine following UV excitation at a wavelength range of 276.9-250.0 nm is investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique.Based on pump wavelen...The S_(1) state decay dynamics of 2-hydroxypyridine following UV excitation at a wavelength range of 276.9-250.0 nm is investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique.Based on pump wavelength dependence of the decay dynamics,a refined decay picture is proposed.At pump wavelength of 276.9 nm,the S_(1) state is depopulated through intersystem crossing to lower triplet state(s).At 264.0 nm,both intersystem crossing to lower triplet state(s)and internal conversion to the ground state are in operation.At 250.0 nm,internal conversion to the ground state becomes dominated.展开更多
Mexico is one of the largest producers of nopal (Opuntiaficus indica). This "vegetable" is consumed on a daily basis by the Mexican population, being a source of food nutrients. Among its benefits, it is considere...Mexico is one of the largest producers of nopal (Opuntiaficus indica). This "vegetable" is consumed on a daily basis by the Mexican population, being a source of food nutrients. Among its benefits, it is considered the content of potassium, which is essential for human life and health. In this study, it analyzes the content of potassium of the Mexican cactus (Opuntiaficus indica) grown in 5 different regions in the Mexican Basin, where 67% of the nopal is produced for human consumption. The used methodology is gamma spectrometry with Hyperpure Germanium detector (HPGe) and Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) with Maestro~ software. The results show interesting aspects on the concentration of potassium in the nopal. This concentration will primarily depend on: (a) the geological characteristics of the location where the nopal was grows; (b) that potassium concentrations may vary substantially from a region to another, with the same species of nopal as a reference and (c) that this concentration may also vary from one growing season to another.展开更多
This paper presents the neutron energy spectrum in the central position of a neutron flux trap assembled in the core center of the research nuclear reactor IPEN/MB-01, obtained by an unfolding method. To this end, we ...This paper presents the neutron energy spectrum in the central position of a neutron flux trap assembled in the core center of the research nuclear reactor IPEN/MB-01, obtained by an unfolding method. To this end, we have used several different types of activation foils (Au, Sc, Ti, Ni, and plates) which have been irradiated in the central position of the reactor core (setting number 203) at a reactor power level (64.57±2.91 watts). The activation foils were counted by solid-state detector HPGe (high pure germanium detector) (gamma spectrometry). The experimental data of nuclear reaction rates (saturated activity per target nucleus) and a neutron spectrum estimated by a reactor physics computer code are the main input data to get the most suitable neutron spectrum in the irradiation position obtained through SANDBP (spectrum analysis neutron detection code-version Budapest University) code: a neutron spectra unfolding code that uses an iterative adjustment method. the integral neutron flux, (2.41 ± 0.01) × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the thermal The adjustment resulted in (3.85 ± 0.14) × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for neutron flux, (1.09 ±0.02) × 10^9n·cm^-2·s^-1 for intermediate neutron flux and (3.41 ± 0.02) × 10^8 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the fast neutrons flux. These results can be used to verify and validate the nuclear reactor codes and its associated nuclear data libraries, besides, show how much effective it can be that the use of a neutron flux trap in the nuclear reactor core to increase the thermal neutron flux without increase the operation reactor power level. The thermal neutral flux increased 4.04 ± 0.21 times compared with the standard configuration of the reactor core.展开更多
文摘目的探讨能谱探测器CT单能谱影像改善脑部CT平扫影像质量的能力,并与常规探测器CT的影像质量和辐射剂量进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析2016年10月—2016年12月期间临床表现为头晕、头痛的病人60例,其中男13例,女47例,平均年龄(45.12±13.58)岁。根据能谱CT和常规CT检查将病人分为A、B两组,每组各30例。其中,能谱CT获取的数据重建为单能谱(66 ke V)影像(A1组)和混合能谱影像(A2组);常规CT使用与能谱CT相同辐射剂量的扫描方案获取影像(B组)。测量脑灰质和脑白质的CT值和噪声,计算3组影像的信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并对影像噪声、后颅窝伪影、脑灰质和白质对比显示情况进行主观评分。计量资料的多组间比较采用ANOVA分析,进一步两两比较采用Tukey检验。等级资料的多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Nemenyi检验。采用Bland-Altman分析评价单能谱影像和常规影像之间的CT值的一致性。采用Kappa检验分析阅片者间的一致性。结果 A1组、A2组和B组的影像噪声、SNR、CNR分别为(1.87±0.38)HU、(2.14±0.46)HU和(2.25±0.49)HU,18.42±4.56、15.45±3.12和14.33±3.52,4.46±0.67、3.41±0.44和3.52±0.55。A1组的噪声、SNR和CNR均优于A2组和B组(均P<0.001),A2组与B组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。A2组比A1组后颅窝兴趣区的CT值降低[(25.78±1.39)HU∶(29.47±1.82)HU,P<0.001],A2组受伪影影响大于A1组。A1、A2和B组中主观影像质量评分分别为1(1.0,1.5)、2(2.0,2.8)和3(2.1,3.0),评分者之间的一致性良好(Kappa=0.8)。能谱CT与常规CT的有效剂量分别为1.83 m Sv和1.88 m Sv。结论与常规CT相比,能谱探测器CT单能谱66 ke V成像在脑部CT平扫中,改善了影像质量并减少了后颅窝伪影,且不增加辐射剂量。
文摘目的研究能谱探测器CT单能谱技术对固定义齿植入产生伪影的抑制和提高头颈部CT图像质量的能力。方法回顾性分析40例有义齿植入患者头颈部平扫图像,测量并计算常规图像和单能谱110 ke V图像中义齿产生伪影处的CT值、噪声(SD值)、金属伪影指数(AI),比较常规图像和单能谱110 ke V图像质量。结果常规图像CT1(义齿根部伪影暗区)[-336.50(-1024.00,-77.00)]与单能谱110 ke V图像[-195.00(-700.40,44.80)]差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),常规图像CT2(受义齿伪影干扰的口腔中部舌部软组织)[102.80(4.60,210.20)]与单能谱110 ke V[46.10(-0.20,91.60)]差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);而常规图像CT3(后颈部竖脊肌)[51.80(38.10,60.50)]与单能谱110 ke V图像[50.40(42.70,57.20)]差异无统计学意义(P=0.50);单能谱110 ke V图像│CT2-CT3│[14.55(0.00,44.00)]明显小于常规图像[51.30(0.30,168.30)](P=0.00)。单能谱110 ke V图像的SD2值[14.75(7.80,35.00)]显著小于常规图像[23.25(7.60,56.00)](P=0.00)。单能谱110 ke V图像的AI值[12.76(3.53,34.14)]显著小于常规图像[19.00(2.43,54.32)](P=0.00)。结论对于义齿植入术后患者,与常规图像相比较,单能谱110 ke V图像能有效减少伪影,进一步提高头颈部CT图像质量。
文摘目的评估新一代能谱探测器CT在上腔静脉(SVC)CT成像中的应用价值。方法连续纳入30例患者,均接受胸部增强CT扫描,所有扫描图像重建为8个序列,包括120 k Vp常规扫描成像及40、50、60、70、80、90、100 ke V能级的能谱图像。在各组SVC管腔近、中、远段勾画感兴趣区,测量各个感兴趣区及前胸壁均匀脂肪组织的CT值和标准差值,计算图像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)和每例患者所接受的有效剂量(ED)。由2名医师采用双盲法共同对图像质量进行主观评分。组间图像质量比较采用独立样本t检验,2名医师对图像质量的主观评分采用非参数检验,并计算Kappa(κ)值评价2名医师对图像质量分析的一致性。结果各个能级水平SVC管腔近、中、远段CT值差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。单能谱40 ke V时SVC管腔平均CT值为(223.51±40.35)HU,SNR为13.56±4.18,CNR为24.15±6.58,明显高于其他各能级组和常规扫描组[CT值:(97.70±13.85)HU;SNR:4.59±1.41;CNR:9.69±2.81](P<0.005)。所有患者所接受的平均ED为(2.04±0.63)m Sv。两位医师对图像质量的评分分别为1(1,2)、1(1,2),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.358,P=0.720)。两位医师对图像质量的主观评价具有非常好的一致性(κ=0.863,P=0.000)。结论应用能谱探测器CT可以良好地显示SVC,且显影最佳的单能谱能级是40 ke V。
文摘目的研究能谱CT胰腺增强扫描的最佳单能量图像在胰腺癌血管侵犯评估中的应用价值。方法将31例胰腺癌血管侵犯患者的受侵血管进行后处理,比较最佳单能量图像及120 k Vp-like图像的CT值、CNR值,并使用主观评分法评估受侵血管的图像质量。结果最佳单能量图像上动脉晚期受侵动脉与肿瘤实质的CNR高于120k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像上门脉期受侵静脉主干与肿瘤实质的CNR高于120 k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像动脉晚期动脉CT值、肿瘤实质CT值高于120 kVp-like图像的动脉及肿瘤实质(P<0.01),最佳单能量图像门脉期静脉CT值、肿瘤实质CT值高于120 k Vp-like图像的门脉期静脉及肿瘤实质CT值(P<0.01)。在动脉晚期及门脉期两组图像中,最佳单能量图像主观评分均高于120 k Vp-like图像(P<0.01),且两组图像均满足诊断需求,对最佳单能量及120 k Vp-like图像的主观评分一致性一般或较高。结论宽体探测器最佳单能量图像与120 k Vp-like图像相比能更好显示胰腺受侵犯血管,提高诊断价值。
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB922200), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2012YQ12004704), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21573228).
文摘A new velocity map imaging spectrometer is constructed for molecular reaction dynamics studies using time-resolved photoelectron/ion spectroscopy method. By combining a kHz pulsed valve and an ICCD camera, this velocity map imaging spectrometer can be run at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, totally compatible with the fs Ti:Sapphire laser system, facilitating time-resolved studies in gas phase which are usually time-consuming. Time-resolved velocity map imaging study of NH3 photodissociation at 200 nm was performed and the time-resolved total kinetic energy release spectrum of H+NH~ products provides rich information about the dissociation dynamics of NH3. These results show that this new apparatus is a powerful tool for investigating the molecular reaction dynamics using time-resolved methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21573228, No.21833003, No.21673232, and No.21773236)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB17000000)
文摘The ultrafast dynamics of water molecules excited to the two F states is studied by combining two-photon excitation and time-resolved photoelectron imaging techniques. The lifetimes of the F1A1 and F1B1 states of H2O (D2O) were derived to be 1.0±0.3 (1.9±0.4) and 10±3 (30±10) ps, respectively. We propose that the F1A1 state mainly decays through the D state, due to the nonadiabatic coupling between them, while the F1B1 state decays through the F1A1 state via Coriolis interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21833003)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB17000000)the Key Technology Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJSTD20190002)。
文摘The S_(1) state decay dynamics of 2-hydroxypyridine following UV excitation at a wavelength range of 276.9-250.0 nm is investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique.Based on pump wavelength dependence of the decay dynamics,a refined decay picture is proposed.At pump wavelength of 276.9 nm,the S_(1) state is depopulated through intersystem crossing to lower triplet state(s).At 264.0 nm,both intersystem crossing to lower triplet state(s)and internal conversion to the ground state are in operation.At 250.0 nm,internal conversion to the ground state becomes dominated.
文摘Mexico is one of the largest producers of nopal (Opuntiaficus indica). This "vegetable" is consumed on a daily basis by the Mexican population, being a source of food nutrients. Among its benefits, it is considered the content of potassium, which is essential for human life and health. In this study, it analyzes the content of potassium of the Mexican cactus (Opuntiaficus indica) grown in 5 different regions in the Mexican Basin, where 67% of the nopal is produced for human consumption. The used methodology is gamma spectrometry with Hyperpure Germanium detector (HPGe) and Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) with Maestro~ software. The results show interesting aspects on the concentration of potassium in the nopal. This concentration will primarily depend on: (a) the geological characteristics of the location where the nopal was grows; (b) that potassium concentrations may vary substantially from a region to another, with the same species of nopal as a reference and (c) that this concentration may also vary from one growing season to another.
文摘This paper presents the neutron energy spectrum in the central position of a neutron flux trap assembled in the core center of the research nuclear reactor IPEN/MB-01, obtained by an unfolding method. To this end, we have used several different types of activation foils (Au, Sc, Ti, Ni, and plates) which have been irradiated in the central position of the reactor core (setting number 203) at a reactor power level (64.57±2.91 watts). The activation foils were counted by solid-state detector HPGe (high pure germanium detector) (gamma spectrometry). The experimental data of nuclear reaction rates (saturated activity per target nucleus) and a neutron spectrum estimated by a reactor physics computer code are the main input data to get the most suitable neutron spectrum in the irradiation position obtained through SANDBP (spectrum analysis neutron detection code-version Budapest University) code: a neutron spectra unfolding code that uses an iterative adjustment method. the integral neutron flux, (2.41 ± 0.01) × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the thermal The adjustment resulted in (3.85 ± 0.14) × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for neutron flux, (1.09 ±0.02) × 10^9n·cm^-2·s^-1 for intermediate neutron flux and (3.41 ± 0.02) × 10^8 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the fast neutrons flux. These results can be used to verify and validate the nuclear reactor codes and its associated nuclear data libraries, besides, show how much effective it can be that the use of a neutron flux trap in the nuclear reactor core to increase the thermal neutron flux without increase the operation reactor power level. The thermal neutral flux increased 4.04 ± 0.21 times compared with the standard configuration of the reactor core.