氨能量分数和喷射策略对双燃料低速机燃烧与排放影响

面向高效率、低NO_(x)排放的氨燃料船机开发,利用Converge软件构建大缸径、高压直喷氨-柴双燃料发动机三维数值模型,基于氨部分预混的高压直喷预混-扩散混合控制燃烧模式,探究了引燃柴油单段和两段喷射策略及氨能量分数对缸内燃烧、单缸性能及NO_(x)排放的影响.结果表明:在低速机满负荷条件下,相同氨能量分数时,引燃柴油单段喷射可实现更高的指示热效率,但最大爆发压力和NO_(x)排放增加;两段喷射策略在氨能量分数为95%时,通过降低缸内高温且低氨质量分数区,在维持高指示热效率的同时,实现NO_(x)生成相比单段喷射策略分别降低29.6%和17.7%;此外,两种喷射策略下平均压力升高率和最大压力升高率对氨的喷射正时更加敏感.

分数阶频率加权能量算子在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对强噪声背景下滚动轴承故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种新的特征增强方法——分数阶频率加权能量算子。首先,利用傅里叶变换将信号从时域转换到频域,得到信号频谱的幅值函数和相位函数;其次,设定微分阶次的变化范围和变化步长,根据傅里叶变换的时域微分性质在频域内对信号的幅值函数进行分数阶微分处理,将微分处理后的幅值函数与相位函数相结合,再利用傅里叶反变换得到微分处理后的信号;最后,对不同阶次的微分信号进行Hilbert变换得到包络信号,利用包络峭度指标选择最佳的微分阶次,利用该阶次下的微分信号求取包络谱,从而确定轴承的故障模式。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提取出强噪声背景下的滚动轴承故障特征。

Customized Optimization for Vehicle Acoustic Statistical Energy Analysis

Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA) is one of the conventional tools for predicting vehicle high-frequency acoustic responses.This study proposes a new method that can provide customized optimization solutions to meet NVH targets based on the specific needs of different project teams during the initial project stages.This approach innovatively integrates dynamic optimization,Radial Basis Function(RBF),and Fuzzy Design Variables Genetic Algorithm(FDVGA) into the optimization process of Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA),and also takes vehicle sheet metal into account in the optimization of sound packages.In the implementation process,a correlation model is established through Python scripts to link material density with acoustic parameters,weight,and cost.By combining Optimus and VaOne software,an optimization design workflow is constructed and the optimization design process is successfully executed.Under various constraints related to acoustic performance,weight and cost,a globally optimal design is achieved.This technology has been effectively applied in the field of Battery Electric Vehicle(BEV).

大数据的特征解

大数据当数据的一个量趋向于无穷大时,这个数据称作为大数据。微分方程的数据都是大数据,微分方程的数据一定有一个量趋向于无穷大。微分方程中的本征函数和本征值是微分方程的特征解,当算符作用于一个函数其微分方程的特征解是微分方程的本征函数和本征值。

Feature Extraction of Acoustic/Seismic Signal of Target

A microphone and a seismic sensor always become a basic unit of UGS(unattended ground sensors) system. The mechanism of acoustic and seismic property of target and its propagation are described. The acoustic and seismic signals of targets are analyzed with time frequency distribution according to its non stationary property. Narrow band energy function (NEF) and local power spectral density (LPSD) are proposed to extract features for target identification. Experiment results show that local power spectral density indicates corresponding target clearly.

基于稀疏优化的异常分布检测方法

现代神经网络可能会对来自训练分布之外的输入产生高置信度的预测结果,对机器学习模型构成潜在威胁。检测异常分布的输入是在现实世界中安全部署模型的核心问题。基于能量模型的检测方法,直接利用模型提取的特征向量计算样本的能量分数,而依赖并不重要的特征可能会影响检测的性能。为了解决该问题,提出了一种基于稀疏优化的损失函数。对已经预训练完成的分类模型进行微调,在学习过程中保持模型分类能力的同时,增加正常样本特征的稀疏程度,使得正常样本的能量分数降低,正常样本与异常样本之间的分数差异变大,从而提高检测效果。该方法并未引入异常的辅助数据集,避免了样本之间相关性的影响。在数据集CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100上的实验结果表明,该方法将检测6个异常数据集的平均FPR 95分别降低了15.02%和15.41%。

An amplitude suppression method based on the decibel criterion

To suppress the strong noise in seismic data with wide range of amplitudes, commonly used methods often yield unsatisfactory denoising results owing to inappropriate thresholds and require parametric testing as well as iterations to achieve the anticipated results. To overcome these problems, a data-driven strong amplitude suppression method based on the decibel criterion in the wavelet domain （ISANA） is proposed. The method determines the denoising threshold based on the decibel criterion and statistically analyzes the amplitude index rather than the abnormally high amplitudes. The method distinguishes the frequency band distributions of the valid signals in the time-frequency domain based on the wavelet transformation and then calculates thresholds in selected time windows, eventually achieving frequency-divided noise attenuation for better denoising. Simulations based on theoretical and real-world data verify the adaptability and low dependence of the method on the size of the time window. The method suppresses noise without energy loss in the signals.

Effect of Surface Potential Barrier on the Electron Energy Distribution of NEA Photocathodes

By calculating the energy distribution of electrons reaching the photocathode surface and solving the Schrodinger equation that describes the behavior of an electron tunneling through the surface potential barrier,we obtain an equation to calculate the emitted electron energy distribution of transmission-mode NEA GaAs photocathodes. Accord- ing to the equation,we study the effect of cathode surface potential barrier on the electron energy distribution and find a significant effect of the barrier-Ⅰ thickness or end height,especially the thickness,on the quantum efficiency of the cath- ode. Barrier Ⅱ has an effect on the electron energy spread, and an increase in the vacuum level will lead to a narrower electron energy spread while sacrificing a certain amount of cathode quantum efficiency. The equation is also used to fit the measured electron energy distribution curve of the transmission-mode cathode and the parameters of the surface barri- er are obtained from the fitting. The theoretical curve is in good agreement with the experimental curve.

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION IN TUANBO REGION

This paper mainly deals with the reservoir on the heat and mass transfer and mass and energy balance in a geothermal field.On the basis of briefing the general characteristics of the reservoir and the supposition of the reservoir modeling,the paper emphasizes the mathematical descriptions of hydra thermal transportation and convection by two methods according to the different models,such as lumped parameter model and distributed parameter model.It is effective to use these models in simulating the heterogeneous,and anisotropical fracture reservoir for the designed lifetime of 15 years.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy by Pr additions

Mg-9Al-xPr(x=0.4,0.8 and 1.2,mass fraction,%)magnesium alloys were prepared by high-pressure die-casting technique.The effects of Pr on the microstructures of die-cast Mg-9Al based alloy were investigated by XRD and SEM.Needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase are found in the microstructure.With 0.4%Pr addition,fine needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and a small amount of polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase near the grain boundary are found in the microstructure.Increasing Pr addition to 0.8%, lots of coarse needle-like Al11Pr3 phase within grain and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase on grain boundary are observed.Further increasing Pr addition,the size of needle-like Al11Pr3 phase decreases,while the size of polygon Al6Mn6Pr relatively increases.The mass fraction of Pr at around 0.8%is considered to be suitable to obtain the optimal mechanical properties.The optimal mechanical properties are mainly resulted from grain boundary strengthening obtained by precipitates and solid solution.

Model heat source using actual distribution of laser power density for simulation of laser processing

The model of heat source(MHS) which reflects the thermal interaction between materials and laser during processing determines the accuracy of simulation results. To acquire desirable simulations results, although various modifications of heat sources in the aspect of absorption process of laser by materials have been purposed, the distribution of laser power density(DLPD) in MHS is still modeled theoretically. However, in the actual situations of laser processing, the DLPD is definitely different from the ideal models. So, it is indispensable to build MHS using actual DLPD to improve the accuracy of simulation results. Besides, an automatic modeling method will be benefit to simplify the tedious pre-processing of simulations. This paper presents a modeling method and corresponding algorithm to model heat source using measured DLPD. This algorithm automatically processes original data to get modeling parameters and provides a step MHS combining with absorption models. Simulations and experiments of heat transfer in steel plates irradiated by laser prove the mothed and the step MHS. Moreover, the investigations of laser induced thermal-crack propagation in glass highlight the signification of modeling heat source based on actual DLPD and demonstrate the enormous application of this method in the simulation of laser processing.

Effect of graphene on mechanical properties of cement mortars

Functionalized graphene nano-sheets(FGN) of 0.01%-0.05%(mass fraction) were added to produce FGN-cement composites in the form of mortars. Flow properties, mechanical properties and microstructure of the cementitious material were then investigated. The results indicate that the addition of FGN decreases the fluidity slightly and improves mechanical properties of cement-based composites significantly. The highest strength is obtained with FGN content of 0.02% where the flexural strength and compressive strength at 28 days are 12.917 MPa and 52.42 MPa, respectively. Besides, scanning electron micrographs show that FGN can regulate formation of massive compact cross-linking structures and thermo gravimetric analysis indicates that FGN can accelerate the hydration reaction to increase the function of the composite effectively.

氢气/氧气混合气体等离子体放电动力学机理

针对绿色无毒推进剂航天器火箭发动机真空低温条件下点火困难等问题,提出通过放电产生非平衡等离子体,利用其活化效应改善发动机点火性能。为了研究氢、氧混合气体放电产生的活性粒子的时间演化特性,利用Bolsig+求解器计算得到不同电子碰撞反应能量损失分数随约化场强变化规律;利用ZDplaskin程序包对氢、氧混合气体放电过程进行零维仿真;研究了不同约化场强下混合气体活性粒子随时间变化规律。结果表明,不同约化场强下,氢、氧混合气体中各类电子碰撞反应消耗能量占比不同。约化场强较小的情况下,电子能量大部分被分子的碰撞激发所消耗;而约化场强较大的情况下,电子能量主要用于分子的离解与电离;约化场强大于100 Td时,放电过程电子浓度快速增大,更有利于活性粒子的生成与积累。

Further Study of A-Related Quantum Interference of H-State Diatomic on Collision-Induced Rotational Energy Transfer

In our previous theoretical studies [Meng-Tao Sun, Yong-Qing Lee, and Feng-Cai Ma, Chem. Phys.Left. 371 （2003） 342], we have reported the quantum interference on collision-induced rotational energy transfer on CO （A ^1 Π,v = 3） with inert gases, which originates from the difference between the two A-related collision potential energy surfaces. The interference angle, which measures the degree of coherence, is presented in this paper. Based on the time-dependent first order Born approximation, taking into account the anisotropic Lennard-Jones interaction potentials, the relation of the interference angle with the factors, including experimental temperature, partner, and rotational quantum number, are obtained. The changing tendencies with them are discussed. This theoretical model is important to understanding and performing this kind of experiment.

Energy Efficiency Based on Joint Data Packet Fragmentation and Cooperative Transmission

Energy efficiency(EE) is a key requirement for the design of short-range communication network.In order to alleviate energy consumption(EC) constraint,a novel layered heterogeneous mobile cloud architecture is proposed in this paper.Based on the proposed layered heterogeneous mobile cloud architecture,we establish an appropriate energy consumption model,and design an energy efficiency scheme based on joint data packet fragmentation and cooperative transmission and analyze the energy efficiency corresponding to different packet sizes and the cloud size.Simulation results show that,when all nodes of the cloud are accessing the same size of data packet fragmentation,the proposed layered heterogeneous mobile cloud architecture can provide significant energy savings.The results provide useful insights into the possible operation of the strategies and show that significant energy consumption reductions are possible.

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.

Science Letters:On the critical radius in generalized Ostwald ripening

The relation between the critical radius and the particle size distribution for generalized Ostwald type ripening processes whereby the mass transfer coefficient is modelled by a power law was derived. The critical radius is determined by the growth rate, the mass transfer coefficient and the mass balance, and is independent of whether the limiting stationary growth regime has been obtained.

A Modified Earthquake Model of Self-Organized Criticality on Small World Networks

A modified Olami Feder-Christensen model of self-organized criticality on a square lattice with the properties of small world networks has been studied.We find that our model displays power-law behavior and the exponent τ of the model depends on φ,the density of long-range connections in our network.

A Game Theoretic Approach for Energy-Efficient In-Network Caching in Content-Centric Networks

Recently, content-centric networking （CCN） has become a hot research topic for the diffusion of contents over the Internet. Most existing works on CCN focus on the improvement of network resource utilization. Consequently, the energy consumption aspect of CCN is largely ignored. In this paper, we propose a distributed energyefficient in-network caching scheme for CCN, where each content router only needs locally available information to make caching decisions considering both caching energy consumption and transport energy consumption. We formulate the in-network caching problem as a non-cooperative game. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, we prove that pure strategy Nash equilibria exist in the proposed scheme, and it always has a strategy profile that implements the socially optimal configuration, even if the touters are self-interested in nature. Simulation results are presented to show that the distributed solution is competitive to the centralized scheme, and has superior performance compared to other popular caching schemes in CCN. Besides, it exhibits a fast convergence speed when the capacity of content routers varies.

Two-Variable Hermite Polynomial Excitation of Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum State as Squeezed Two-Mode Number State

We find that the squeezed two-mode number state is just a two-variable Hermite polynomial excitation of thetwo-mode squeezed vacuum state (THPES).We find that the Wigner function of THPES and its marginal distributionsare just related to two-variable Hermite polynomials (or Laguerre polynomials) and that the tomogram of THPES canbe expressed by one-mode Hermite polynomial.