提高汽车耐撞性的能量吸收结构撞击吸能特性研究

安全法规对车辆的耐撞性能提出了要求，性能优越的能量吸收结构可以有效地改善汽车的耐撞性能。文中研究了多种金属材料的薄壁圆柱管沿轴向压缩的历程，总结了轴对称叠缩型、过渡型、非轴对称叠缩型和翻裂型４种典型的破坏模式，它们与能量吸收机理和冲击历程紧密相关。比较了不同类型吸能结构的缓冲和吸能性能，并对这类能量吸收结构的设计提出了建议。

次级能量吸收结构在SUV和轿车碰撞相容性中的仿真分析

根据轿车车身高度调整计算SUV的作用力平均高度的数据处理方法,验证SUV与轿车发生正碰时,次级能量吸收结构有助于提升轿车的安全性能.搭建SUV与轿车正碰模型,进行正碰模型的仿真计算.对原次级能量吸收结构进行改进,添加薄壁结构件,比较添加薄壁结构件前后的车身响应,验证添加薄壁结构件有助于解决原次级能量吸收结构的问题,提升碰撞相容性.

能量吸收研究60年——来自何处?走向何方?

本文论述能量吸收这个研究领域的诞生背景、简要历史和发展方向。第二次世界大战之后,以防护结构和运载工具的耐撞性为工程背景,加上塑性力学和结构冲击动力学学科发展的内生动力,结构和材料的能量吸收作为一个新兴研究领域在1960年代初萌生,到1970年代已经基本成形。在期刊和会议平台的支持下,这个新领域的研究在1980年代迎来了第一波热潮,聚焦于薄壁管件塑性大变形时的能量吸收机理。随着蜂窝、泡沫、格栅等多胞材料的兴起,研究和开发它们在能量吸收领域的应用,激发起2000年后的第二波热潮。其间不但揭示出了各种多胞材料的能量吸收机理,而且迅速地同电动车的电池组和新型防护结构等场景的应用结合起来。受生物启发的概念成为设计和开发新型超材料的灵感的源泉。增材制造、结构智能化,以及环保节能的概念,正在深度融入能量吸收系统的原理、设计和优化之中。

方形孔洞夹层结构能量吸收的有限元分析

为研究方形孔洞夹层结构的吸能性能,采用Abaqus有限元软件模拟了不同尺寸参数的方形孔洞夹层结构吸能盒的轴向准静态压缩过程,利用模拟数据绘制了模型的载荷-位移曲线,计算了不同尺寸吸能盒的能量吸收参数,结果表明:方形孔洞夹层结构中孔洞尺寸的增加与总能量吸收值呈负相关,与比能量吸收值呈正相关。

铁道车辆的耐碰撞性设计

铁道车辆耐碰撞性设计的任务就是要预测和控制车辆碰撞的全过程,采取适当的技术措施来保证整个碰撞过程按人们所设计好的顺序进行,并使车辆碰撞能量得到充分的吸收,最大程度地保护旅客和乘务人员的安全。文章介绍了耐碰撞性设计中的关键部件——车钩缓冲装置、剪切装置、防爬器和车端碰撞能量吸收结构的原理和设计要求,讨论了碰撞能量的分布和车端能量吸收的计算公式。

Collision performance of bitubular tubes with diaphragms

A numerical study of bitubular tubes with diaphragms compared with single and bitubular tubes subjected to dynamic axial impact force was presented. At first, the energy absorption response of the composite structure under axial loading was analyzed by finite element simulation. The results show that the efficiency of energy absorption can be improved by introducing diaphragms to the double-walled columns. Then, the effect of the amount and location of diaphragms, the shape and the size of the inner tubes, and the thickness of the composite structures were also studied numerically. The collision performance of the composite structure is affected by the deformation of diaphragms, as well as the interaction of outer and inner tube. The non-uniform distribution of diaphragms can improve the energy absorption efficiency of structures for a constant number of diaphragms. The specific energy absorption of the hexagonal inner tube is the highest, followed by the circular, octagonal and square ones.

Energy-absorption forecast of thin-walled structure by GA-BP hybrid algorithm

In order to analyze the influence rule of experimental parameters on the energy-absorption characteristics and effectively forecast energy-absorption characteristic of thin-walled structure, the forecast model of GA-BP hybrid algorithm was presented by uniting respective applicability of back-propagation artificial neural network （BP-ANN） and genetic algorithm （GA）. The detailed process was as follows. Firstly, the GA trained the best weights and thresholds as the initial values of BP-ANN to initialize the neural network. Then, the BP-ANN after initialization was trained until the errors converged to the required precision. Finally, the network model, which met the requirements after being examined by the test samples, was applied to energy-absorption forecast of thin-walled cylindrical structure impacting. After example analysis, the GA-BP network model was trained until getting the desired network error only by 46 steps, while the single BP-ANN model achieved the same network error by 992 steps, which obviously shows that the GA-BP hybrid algorithm has faster convergence rate. The average relative forecast error （ARE） of the SEA predictive results obtained by GA-BP hybrid algorithm is 1.543%, while the ARE of the SEA predictive results obtained by BP-ANN is 2.950%, which clearly indicates that the forecast precision of the GA-BP hybrid algorithm is higher than that of the BP-ANN.

飞行器机身结构耐撞性分析与设计

耐撞性不仅是飞行器设计中的重要问题,而且还是其取得适航证的必要条件。该文对美国、欧盟和日本等在耐撞性研究方面的研究进行了总结,阐述了耐撞性设计中采用的数值模拟和试验研究方法及其主要问题。主要针对各种飞行器结构耐撞性设计方法进行介绍,对比了轻型固定翼飞机、直升机和大中型民用飞机的耐撞性设计特点。能量吸收结构是耐撞性设计的关键问题之一,对提高飞行器机身能量吸收能力的机身底部结构、机身加强框和客舱地板撑杆结构等设计方法进行详细介绍,总结了飞行器耐撞性可靠性分析和优化设计方法。最后对飞行器结构耐撞性设计的发展作了展望。

L3-Edge Jump and Shift on White-Line of Pd Interlayer for Trilaminar Neutron Production Target under H2^＋ Irradiation

Interlayer Pd for the Li/Pd/Cu neutron target for BNCT （boron neutron capture therapy） was characterized after 0.1-5 keV H2^＋ irradiation by XAFS （X-ray absorption fine structure） technique, and following conclusions were derived： （1） from the XAFS observation of white line of Pd, remarkable Pd L3 edge jump was found in 1.1-3 times higher than before irradiation in low irradiation fluence; （2） this fact indicates increase of hole density in Pd 4d-band, whereas, no change was observed for XASF spectra of Ag sample under the same irradiation conditions; （3） remarkable Pd L3 edge shift of 0.12-0.66 eV was also found with increase of H2＋ irradiation energy in low fluence, and drastically decreased after peak in high irradiation energy and fluence; （4） implanted protons deposited in Pd as negative under the balance of electron population enhanced by proton irradiation and charge transfer.

Study on Hysteretic Bond Mechanisms of Plain Round Bar

Plain round bars were commonly used as main bars in the design of RC （reinforced concrete） buildings prior to the 1970s. According to previous research investigating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete members constructed with plain round bars, the strength of those members did not reach the calculated flexural strength due to bond slippage of main bars before yielding. It is important, therefore, to investigate the hysteretic bond mechanisms of plain round bars in concrete. In this research, analytical models were proposed to predict hysteretic bond-slip mechanisms between plain round bar and concrete depending on the results of experiments performed by the authors. In addition, the energy absorption capacity and the equivalent viscous damping factors obtained from the experimental results and analytical models are discussed. As a result of comparisons between the experimental data and the analysis models, good agreements were obtained.

Development and prospect of high-power Yb^(3+) doped fibers

Ytterbium-doped fibers have become the optimum gain media of high-power fiber lasers thanks to a simple energy structure, which strongly reduces the excited state absorption, and a low quantum defect and a high optic–optic conversion efficiency, which means the low thermal load. In this paper, we take a review of the current state of the art in terms of Yb^(3+)doped fibers for high-power fiber lasers, including the development of the fabrication techniques. The research work to overcome the challenges for Yb3+doped fibers, which affect the stability of output power and beam quality, will be demonstrated. Direction of further research is presented and the goal is to look for a fiber design, to boost single fiber output power, stabilize the laser power and support robust single-mode operation.

Compressive properties and energy absorption of BCC lattice structures with bio-inspired gradient design

Inspired by the gradient structure of the nature,two gradient lattice structures,i.e.,unidirectional gradient lattice(UGL)and bidirectional gradient lattice(BGL),are proposed based on the body-centered cubic(BCC)lattice to obtain specially designed mechanical behaviors,such as load-bearing and energy absorption capacities.First,a theoretical model is proposed to predict the initial stiffness of the gradient lattice structure under compressive loading,and validated against quasi-static compression tests and finite element models(FEMs).The deformation and failure mechanisms of the two structures are further studied based on experiments and simulations.The UGL structure exhibits a layer-by-layer failure mode,which avoids structure-wise shear failure in uniform structures.The BGL structure presents a symmetry deformation pattern,and the failure initiates at the weakest part.Finally,the energy absorption behaviors are also discussed.This study demonstrates the potential application of gradient lattice structures in load-transfer-path modification and energy absorption by topology design.