Burnable municipal solid waste is disposed sanitarily at incinerator plants, which leads decrease of environmental load. At the same time, WTE （waste-to-energy） is realized as recovery of energy. WTE, however, has w...Burnable municipal solid waste is disposed sanitarily at incinerator plants, which leads decrease of environmental load. At the same time, WTE （waste-to-energy） is realized as recovery of energy. WTE, however, has weakness of low generation efficiency and output in Japan due to smaller capacity of incinerator plants. To overcome above weakness, high efficient WTE is necessary with total integration and scaling up of incinerator plants. In addition FIT （feed-in tariff） has been started recently in Japan. When planning, we must consider totally both cost of incinerator plants and cost of refuse collection which is important role for the waste disposal. The planning method whose target is an urban area has formulated in this study. Considering the situation of the decrease trend of refuse volume and the strict finance condition of a local government, so that the proposed method is very effective.展开更多
The synthesis and up-conversion luminescent properties of YTaO4:Er3+ and YTaO4:Er3+/Yb3+ are re- ported for the first time. According to the measurement results of up-conversion spectra, Yb3+ co-doping can remarkably ...The synthesis and up-conversion luminescent properties of YTaO4:Er3+ and YTaO4:Er3+/Yb3+ are re- ported for the first time. According to the measurement results of up-conversion spectra, Yb3+ co-doping can remarkably enhance the green (2H11/2/4S3/2→4I15/2) and red (4F9/2→4I15/2) emissions, but de- press the infrared emission (4I9/2→4I15/2). With the increase of the Yb3+ concentration, the intensity of green emission increases, after that, when the Yb3+ concentration increases continuously, the intensity of green emission decreases, while those of the red and infrared emissions increase and decrease alternately. In addition, the up-conversion mechanisms of Er3+ doped and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped YTaO4 are also discussed. It is found that the transform of up-conversion mechanism from two-step energy transfer to cooperating sensitization takes place when Yb3+ concentration is increased up to 12 mol%. With the further increase of Yb3+ concentration, the energy-back-transfer gradually becomes the dominant up-conversion mechanism, which results in the quenching of the green emission and slight increasing of the red and infrared emissions.展开更多
文摘Burnable municipal solid waste is disposed sanitarily at incinerator plants, which leads decrease of environmental load. At the same time, WTE （waste-to-energy） is realized as recovery of energy. WTE, however, has weakness of low generation efficiency and output in Japan due to smaller capacity of incinerator plants. To overcome above weakness, high efficient WTE is necessary with total integration and scaling up of incinerator plants. In addition FIT （feed-in tariff） has been started recently in Japan. When planning, we must consider totally both cost of incinerator plants and cost of refuse collection which is important role for the waste disposal. The planning method whose target is an urban area has formulated in this study. Considering the situation of the decrease trend of refuse volume and the strict finance condition of a local government, so that the proposed method is very effective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10374011)
文摘The synthesis and up-conversion luminescent properties of YTaO4:Er3+ and YTaO4:Er3+/Yb3+ are re- ported for the first time. According to the measurement results of up-conversion spectra, Yb3+ co-doping can remarkably enhance the green (2H11/2/4S3/2→4I15/2) and red (4F9/2→4I15/2) emissions, but de- press the infrared emission (4I9/2→4I15/2). With the increase of the Yb3+ concentration, the intensity of green emission increases, after that, when the Yb3+ concentration increases continuously, the intensity of green emission decreases, while those of the red and infrared emissions increase and decrease alternately. In addition, the up-conversion mechanisms of Er3+ doped and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped YTaO4 are also discussed. It is found that the transform of up-conversion mechanism from two-step energy transfer to cooperating sensitization takes place when Yb3+ concentration is increased up to 12 mol%. With the further increase of Yb3+ concentration, the energy-back-transfer gradually becomes the dominant up-conversion mechanism, which results in the quenching of the green emission and slight increasing of the red and infrared emissions.
