用次级束流对硅望远镜的时间和能量定标

利用95MeV/u的^(16)O束产生的次级束流对半导体硅探测器进行了时间和能量定标。实验结果表明,由于次级束流提供的次级粒子种类多,飞行距离长,因此,能给探测器带来非常精确的定标。

HL-1M欧姆放电的电子能量约束定标律

通过电子储能的计算 ,编制出用于分析 HL - 1M电子能量约束定标律的数据库。用它与现有的欧姆能量约束定标律进行分析比较 ,结果表明 ,HL - 1M电子能量约束与 Alcator欧姆能量约束定标律的预测结果一致 ,能量约束饱和的密度值为 4 .8× 10 13 cm-3 。用标准回归分析给出了初步的 HL- 1M电子能量约束定标律 ,τe-reg E =2 .0 58n0 .78± 0 .0 2e T0 .79± 0 .0 4 e0 q0 .3 9± 0 .0 6a ,并分析了 HL- 1M欧姆电子能量约束与输运的关系。

托卡马克等离子体能量约束定标律

本文阐述了托卡马克等离子体在欧姆加热、辅助加热（主要是中性粒子束加热）的Ｌ模式和Ｈ模式条件下的能量约束定标律。能量约束定标律主要分为经验的、半经验的和理论的定标律，目前经验的和半经验的能量约束定标律居多．第二部分给出了用于分析经验定标律的基本统计方法；第三部分描述了欧姆加热以及辅助加热Ｌ模式一些主要的经验定标律和理论定标律，并简单分析了这定标律的特点；

高能激光功率能量测量中的定标方法

高能激光功率、能量极高，这对其测量造成极大的困难，如何准确、有效的对其定标具有很重要的意义。文中分别从能量定标、功率定标两个方面作了详细的分析，并得到了功率、能量设计中应注意的几个重要问题。

JT—60U中具有内输运垒的反剪切等离子体的能量约束定标

基于JT-60U数据研究具有箱型内输运垒(ITB)和L模边缘的反剪切等离子体的能量约束定标。储能分成两个部分：L模基础部分相被ITB围着的芯部部分。芯部储能Wcore不仅仅随净加热功率Pnet而增加。芯部储能的定标可表示为Wscale＝Cε^-1fB^2p,fVcore，其中εf是ITB底部的反环径比，Bp,f是外中平面ITB底部的极向磁场，Vcore是ITB底部内部的芯部体积。该定标等于芯部极向β的条件，即εfβp,core＝C1，其中C1≈1／4。尽管Wcore几乎是与Pnct。无关的，但是估算的ITB区域的热扩散率在一定程度上与新经典扩散率有关，而且新经典输运与该数据是一致的。讨论了该定标的物理背景。

SAS系统在HL-2A能量约束数据分析中的应用

利用HL-2A装置实验数据,初步建立了面向ITERL DB2.0版本的能量约束数据库,采用了统计分析系统(SAS)对HL-2A约束数据进行了分析和评估,开展了能量约束时间对密度的定标律研究,并得到了初步结果。最后通过与ITER定标律和原ASDEX数据的比较,对HL-2A装置上L-模约束品质和欧姆加热条件下斯必泽电阻率对温度的依赖关系进行了讨论。

A new method of characterizing equivalent strain for equal channel angular processing

In order to establish the quantitative relationship between equivalent strain and the performance index of the deformed material within the range of certain passes for equal channel angular processing （ECAP）, a new approach to characterize the equivalent strain was proposed. The results show that there exists better accordance between mechanical property （such as hardness or strength） and equivalent strain after rolling and ECAP in a certain range of deformation amount, and Gauss equation can be satisfied among the equivalent strain and the mechanical properties for ECAP. Through regression analysis on the data of hardness and strength after the deformation, a more generalized expression of equivalent strain for ECAP is proposed as：ε=k0exp[-（k1M-k2）^2], where M is the strength or hardness of the material, k1 is the modified coefficient （k1∈ （0, 1））, ko and k2 are two parameters dependent on the critical strain and mechanical property that reaches saturation state for the material, respectively. In this expression the equivalent strain for ECAP is characterized novelly through the mechanical parameter relating to material property rather than the classical geometry equation.

Exploring Enterprise Performance Indicators Network： A Case Study of China Telecommunication Industry

Perforrmnce indicators play some important roles in enterprise operation. Both researchers and managers have recently pointed out that the identification of correlation between different performmance indicators may lead to a better understanding of business. However, it is becoming more and more difficult to measure and analyze these indicators since the fast growing number of performance indicators and the complex relationships between them The existing categories failed to reflect these changes in an adequate way, and the quantitative analysis methods for identifying the characters of those pefformance indicators are still worthy of investigation. The main objective of this paper is to propose a practical methodology for managing and analyzing performance indicators in enterprises, which focuses on building up a performance indicator system and discovering the characters of those performance indicators by applying complex network methods. The empirical results of a telecommunieation enterprise show that the proposed method can be effective in understanding the correlations between performance indicators.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

The arguments in this paper lead to a new definition of thermodynamic equilibrium that remedies the deficiencies of the current forms. This definition relates thermodynamic equilibrium to its physical causes and accounts for all factors that determine it for all types of equilibrium. Standard definitions of thermodynamic equilibrium are incomplete. They do not take account of all factors that determine such equilibriums, discuss the impediments which may prevent them being reached or relate the properties that define equilibriums to the physical reasons that determine them when impediments are present. The laws of thermodynamics determine the requirements for equilibrium. These laws arise from the physical behaviour of the molecules in molecular systems and are consequences of the conservation of energy, the energies of molecules, statistics, Newton＇s laws of motion, and the equi-partition of energy. The standard definition of thermodynamic equilibrium correctly defines equilibrium whenever impediments are not factors. The discussion demonstrates how impediments arise, accounts for their role in defining equilibrium and how they relate to the energies of molecules at the conditions of the system. The new definition applies to all types of equilibrium.

Augmented Kierlik-Rosinberg Fundamental Measure Functional and Extension of Fundamental Measure Functional to Inhomogeneous Non-hard Sphere Fluids

From point of view of weighted density procedure, it is guessed that a Percus-Yevick （PY） compressibility excess free energy density, appearing in the Kierlik Rosinberg type fundamental measure functional （KR-FMF） and expressed in terms of scaled particle variables, can be substituted by a corresponding expression dictated by a more accurate Mansoori Carnahan-Starling Leland （MCSL） equation of state, while retaining the original weighting functions; it is numerically indicated that the resultant undesirable non-self-consistency between the PY type weighting function and MCSL type excess free energy density had no bad effect on the performance of the resultant augmented KR-ffMF which, on the one hand, preserves the exact low-density limit of the original KR-FMF and holds a high degree of pressure self-consistency, on the other hand, improves significantly, as expected, the predictions of density profile of hard sphere fluid at single hard wall contact location and its vicinity, and of the bulk hard sphere second order direct correlation function （DCF）, obtained from functional differentiation. The FMF is made applicable to inhomogeneous non-hard sphere fluids by supplementing a functional perturbation expansion approximation truncated at the lowest order with summation of higher order terms beyond the lowest term calculated by the FMF for an effective hard sphere fluid; the resultant extended FMF only needs second order DCF and pressure of the fluid considered at coexistence state as inputs, consequently is applicable whether the considered temperature is above critical point or below critical point. The extended MCSL-augmented KR-FMF is found to be endowed with an excellent performance for predictions of density profile and surface tension by comparing the present predictions of these two quantities with available computer simulation data for inhomogeneous hard core attractive Yukawa fluid and Lennard-3ones fluid.

LOCALIZATION FOR MOBILE TARGET IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

A precise localization for mobile target in wireless sensor networks is presented in this letter,where a geometrical relationship is explored to improve the location estimation for mobile target,in-stead of a simple centroid approach.The equations of location compensation algorithm for mobiletarget are derived based on linear trajectory prediction and sensor selective activation.The resultsbased on extensive simulation experiments show that the compensation algorithm gets better per-formance in metrics of quality of tracking and energy efficiency with the change of sensor sensing range,the ratio of sensing range and sensor activation range,and the data sampling rate than traditionalmethods,which means our proposing can achieve better quality-energy tradeoff for mobile target inwireless sensor networks.

九十年代的新一代多重探测器

本文主要描述了新一代多重探测器的组成结构、粒子鉴别原理和能量定标方法,在粒子鉴别中,详细介绍了利用phoswich快慢成分△E-E望远镜和CsI快慢鉴别图三种方法。

Gravitational Energy-Momentum and Conservation of Energy-Momentum in General Relativity

Based on a general variational principle, Einstein–Hilbert action and sound facts from geometry, it is shown that the long existing pseudotensor, non-localizability problem of gravitational energy-momentum is a result of mistaking different geometrical, physical ob jects as one and the same. It is also pointed out that in a curved spacetime, the sum vector of matter energy-momentum over a finite hyper-surface can not be defined. In curvilinear coordinate systems conservation of matter energy-momentum is not the continuity equations for its components. Conservation of matter energy-momentum is the vanishing of the covariant divergence of its density-flux tensor field. Introducing gravitational energy-momentum to save the law of conservation of energy-momentum is unnecessary and improper. After reasonably defining "change of a particle's energy-momentum", we show that gravitational field does not exchange energy-momentum with particles. And it does not exchange energy-momentum with matter fields either. Therefore, the gravitational field does not carry energy-momentum, it is not a force field and gravity is not a natural force.