Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. ...Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials.Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities,adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre micro structures,the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as OD spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.展开更多
Proteomics focuses on the systematic identification and quantification of entire proteomes and interpretation of proteins’biological functions.During the last decade,proteomics in China has grown much faster than oth...Proteomics focuses on the systematic identification and quantification of entire proteomes and interpretation of proteins’biological functions.During the last decade,proteomics in China has grown much faster than other research fields in life sciences.At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century,the rapid development of high-resolution and high-speed mass spectrometry makes proteomics a powerful tool to study the mechanisms underlying physiological/pathological processes in organisms.This article provides a brief overview of proteomics technology development and representative scientific progress of the Human Liver Proteome Project in China over the past three years.展开更多
Energy homeostasis is essential for maintaining cell survival and regular functions, and the loss of energy homeostasis may result in a variety of diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles and regulatory mechani...Energy homeostasis is essential for maintaining cell survival and regular functions, and the loss of energy homeostasis may result in a variety of diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of T lymphocytes energy metabolism in its activation, differentiation and physiological function. We also discuss the significance of T cell energy metabolism for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.展开更多
The atomistic mechanism for direct conversion of graphite to diamond is a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics. The newly identified cold-compressed graphite phases of M, W and 0 carbon provide a crucial ...The atomistic mechanism for direct conversion of graphite to diamond is a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics. The newly identified cold-compressed graphite phases of M, W and 0 carbon provide a crucial link to understand the graphite-to- diamond phase transformation. We demonstrate by ab initio calculations that pressure has a dual role in lowering the conversion barrier and enhancing the production stability during the first-stage cold-compressed phase conversion of graphite toward the intermediate metastable M, W and 0 carbon phases. However, it has little effect on the relative enthalpy and high conversion barrier during the second-stage conversion process toward the diamond polytypes, showing a temperature dominated conversion process. These results may give explanation regarding the necessity of high pressure and high temperature during the graphite-to- diamond reaction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702117,51672055)Major Research Projects Fund of Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology (2016006)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (E201416)
文摘Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials.Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities,adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre micro structures,the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as OD spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.
基金funded by the Chinese National Basic Research Program grants(2011CB910600,2013CB911201)to Xu Ping and Li Ning respectivelythe grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070673,31170780)to Xu Ping
文摘Proteomics focuses on the systematic identification and quantification of entire proteomes and interpretation of proteins’biological functions.During the last decade,proteomics in China has grown much faster than other research fields in life sciences.At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century,the rapid development of high-resolution and high-speed mass spectrometry makes proteomics a powerful tool to study the mechanisms underlying physiological/pathological processes in organisms.This article provides a brief overview of proteomics technology development and representative scientific progress of the Human Liver Proteome Project in China over the past three years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91439206,31230035,81370006)
文摘Energy homeostasis is essential for maintaining cell survival and regular functions, and the loss of energy homeostasis may result in a variety of diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of T lymphocytes energy metabolism in its activation, differentiation and physiological function. We also discuss the significance of T cell energy metabolism for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274356)the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China(Grant Nos.200909086 and 201109037)
文摘The atomistic mechanism for direct conversion of graphite to diamond is a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics. The newly identified cold-compressed graphite phases of M, W and 0 carbon provide a crucial link to understand the graphite-to- diamond phase transformation. We demonstrate by ab initio calculations that pressure has a dual role in lowering the conversion barrier and enhancing the production stability during the first-stage cold-compressed phase conversion of graphite toward the intermediate metastable M, W and 0 carbon phases. However, it has little effect on the relative enthalpy and high conversion barrier during the second-stage conversion process toward the diamond polytypes, showing a temperature dominated conversion process. These results may give explanation regarding the necessity of high pressure and high temperature during the graphite-to- diamond reaction.
