Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical prope...Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soft rock, interaction between soft rock and water, and interaction between soft rock and gas contained in soft rock. In order to gain a better predictive understanding of the governing principles associated with this phenomenon, we used experimental and theoretical methods to study the effects of point defect on physical and chemical properties of soft rock and mechanism of interaction between water(gas) and soft rock. Firstly, we calculated the impurity formation energies and transition energy levels of defects by using the first-principle calculation, the results showed the microscopic mechanism of defects substitution in kaolinite and effects of defects on the structure of kaolinite. Moreover,comparing the experimental and theoretical results, we found the mechanism of interaction between water and soft rock. The results show that water is one of the most important factors which can induce various kinds of geological disasters. At last, the interaction between soft rock and surrounding gas as CO2, CH4 and CO is disused, the influence of surrounding gas on soft rock should not be ignored.展开更多
Greece, in relation to many other countries of similar size, is very advantageous for the mineral wealth it possesses. Great variety, mostly industrial and metallic minerals, and energy mineral raw materials such as l...Greece, in relation to many other countries of similar size, is very advantageous for the mineral wealth it possesses. Great variety, mostly industrial and metallic minerals, and energy mineral raw materials such as lignite, are in its subsoil. The probable and proven reserves of most of the mineral resources of Greece are unknown, as detailed investigations （e.g., drillings, measurements, analyses, etc.） are lacking. In our assessment the total value of the reserves is about ε1.5 trillion and is four times its total debt （ε360 billion）. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Industrial Minerals ＆ Rocks is ε60 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Metallic Minerals is ε72 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Energy Mineral Raw Materials is ε1,362 billion, of which ε268 billion belong to the lignites which are exploited for decades to produce only electricity. The indicated oil reserves are 10 billion barrels with current value of E685 billion and the corresponding of natural gas 3.5 trillion m3 with current value of ε409 billion.展开更多
The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid,which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation,that is the great drawback of oleic acid in use.Octylic hydroxamic acid was ...The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid,which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation,that is the great drawback of oleic acid in use.Octylic hydroxamic acid was synthesized,and its collecting ability to certain minerals in bauxite:diaspore and kaolinite were studied.The collecting power of various reagents to diaspore in an incremental sequence was shown as follows:oleic acid<octylic hydroxamic acid,while the incremental sequence of the collecting power to kaolinite was like this:octylic hydroxamic acid < oleic acid.It could be seen that octylic hydroxamic acid had the capability of high collectivity and good selectivity,and octylic hydroxamic acid was chosen to use in the following experiments.Reduced zeta potential showed the adsorption of the anionic collector on the mineral.By the adsorptive capability and IR(infrared ray)tests,the adsorption of octylic hydroxamic acid on diaspore was determined to be chemical absorption,which was greater than that of oleic acid,as it was absorption by hydrogen bond.展开更多
Sr-Co containing perovskite oxides are prospective air electrode candidates for reversible solid oxide cells(RSOCs).However,their efficiencies are limited by Sr segregation and the high thermal expansion coefficient(T...Sr-Co containing perovskite oxides are prospective air electrode candidates for reversible solid oxide cells(RSOCs).However,their efficiencies are limited by Sr segregation and the high thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)of Cobased perovskites.Herein,La_(0.6)Ca_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LCa FN)is tailored as an Sr-Co-free perovskite air electrode for highperformance RSOCs.Compared with La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSFN)and La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCo F),LCa FN has a high electrical conductivity (297 S cm^(-1)),TEC compatibility(11.2×10^(-6)K^(-1)) and improved chemical stability.Moreover,LCa FN has high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity with a low polarization resistance(0.06Ωcm^(2)) at 800℃.A single-cell NiYSZ/YSZ/gadolinium-doped ceria(GDC)/LCa FN-GDC operated at 800℃ yields a maximum power density of 1.08 W cm^(-2) using H_(2) as fuel.In the solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)mode,the cell can achieve a current density of approximately 1.2 A cm^(-2) at 1.3 V with 70% humidity at 800℃.The cell exhibits good reversibility and remains stable in continuous SOEC and solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)modes.These findings indicate the potential application of LCa FN as an air electrode material for RSOCs.展开更多
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (No. IRT0656)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40972196 and 41172263)
文摘Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soft rock, interaction between soft rock and water, and interaction between soft rock and gas contained in soft rock. In order to gain a better predictive understanding of the governing principles associated with this phenomenon, we used experimental and theoretical methods to study the effects of point defect on physical and chemical properties of soft rock and mechanism of interaction between water(gas) and soft rock. Firstly, we calculated the impurity formation energies and transition energy levels of defects by using the first-principle calculation, the results showed the microscopic mechanism of defects substitution in kaolinite and effects of defects on the structure of kaolinite. Moreover,comparing the experimental and theoretical results, we found the mechanism of interaction between water and soft rock. The results show that water is one of the most important factors which can induce various kinds of geological disasters. At last, the interaction between soft rock and surrounding gas as CO2, CH4 and CO is disused, the influence of surrounding gas on soft rock should not be ignored.
文摘Greece, in relation to many other countries of similar size, is very advantageous for the mineral wealth it possesses. Great variety, mostly industrial and metallic minerals, and energy mineral raw materials such as lignite, are in its subsoil. The probable and proven reserves of most of the mineral resources of Greece are unknown, as detailed investigations （e.g., drillings, measurements, analyses, etc.） are lacking. In our assessment the total value of the reserves is about ε1.5 trillion and is four times its total debt （ε360 billion）. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Industrial Minerals ＆ Rocks is ε60 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Metallic Minerals is ε72 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Energy Mineral Raw Materials is ε1,362 billion, of which ε268 billion belong to the lignites which are exploited for decades to produce only electricity. The indicated oil reserves are 10 billion barrels with current value of E685 billion and the corresponding of natural gas 3.5 trillion m3 with current value of ε409 billion.
基金National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program (No.2005cb623701)
文摘The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid,which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation,that is the great drawback of oleic acid in use.Octylic hydroxamic acid was synthesized,and its collecting ability to certain minerals in bauxite:diaspore and kaolinite were studied.The collecting power of various reagents to diaspore in an incremental sequence was shown as follows:oleic acid<octylic hydroxamic acid,while the incremental sequence of the collecting power to kaolinite was like this:octylic hydroxamic acid < oleic acid.It could be seen that octylic hydroxamic acid had the capability of high collectivity and good selectivity,and octylic hydroxamic acid was chosen to use in the following experiments.Reduced zeta potential showed the adsorption of the anionic collector on the mineral.By the adsorptive capability and IR(infrared ray)tests,the adsorption of octylic hydroxamic acid on diaspore was determined to be chemical absorption,which was greater than that of oleic acid,as it was absorption by hydrogen bond.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2020YFB1506304,2017YFE0129300 and 2016YFE0126900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072135,51672095 and U1910209)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2018AAA057)。
文摘Sr-Co containing perovskite oxides are prospective air electrode candidates for reversible solid oxide cells(RSOCs).However,their efficiencies are limited by Sr segregation and the high thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)of Cobased perovskites.Herein,La_(0.6)Ca_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LCa FN)is tailored as an Sr-Co-free perovskite air electrode for highperformance RSOCs.Compared with La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSFN)and La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCo F),LCa FN has a high electrical conductivity (297 S cm^(-1)),TEC compatibility(11.2×10^(-6)K^(-1)) and improved chemical stability.Moreover,LCa FN has high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity with a low polarization resistance(0.06Ωcm^(2)) at 800℃.A single-cell NiYSZ/YSZ/gadolinium-doped ceria(GDC)/LCa FN-GDC operated at 800℃ yields a maximum power density of 1.08 W cm^(-2) using H_(2) as fuel.In the solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)mode,the cell can achieve a current density of approximately 1.2 A cm^(-2) at 1.3 V with 70% humidity at 800℃.The cell exhibits good reversibility and remains stable in continuous SOEC and solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)modes.These findings indicate the potential application of LCa FN as an air electrode material for RSOCs.
